The ? started as a . in ”Greece and became a ¿in Rome.
Magna lies behind ?, ¿,. but it is not a singularity.
This blog was aboutthe role of Meta Systems in design especially in Software-systems until I stopped searching for a new pattern that was not a pattern or an Idea.
A metasystem is a governing structure that provides coordination and integration of multiple systems,
It can also be used to understand the systems it contains.
Meta Systems contain Systems or other Meta-Systems.
It is also About a strange pattern in Meta symmetries called Bott Periodicity.
This pattern shows why 8 is a Boundary in symmetries: 8=> <->4. 4 is a Square.
The Square is related to the Quaternio of Carl Jung.
Mirror
It is a model of the Human Personality and therefore of the Universe
We see ourselves in the Mirror we see.
Symmetry
Therefore the Universe is a highly symmetric structure.
Meta-systems contain other systems and other meta-systems.
That’s why a Meta-system is a Fractal.
Meta cycles are Rotations (Quaternions)
Clerk Maxwell discovered in 1840 that the Universe, the ultimate Meta-system, can be described by the Quaternions that represent a Rotation in 4D-space.
When we look at Maxwell’s theory we can see that the universe is expanding in a spiralling pattern that according to Peter Rowlands is copied.
Leonardo da vinci used a Mapping tool to project a Sphere on a Euclidian Plane.
A projection is called a Projective Geometry.
It was invented in the Renaissance when painters discovered the Perspective because they started to look with their own Eyes and not with their opinion.
A picture out of the architecture I made for Cordys.
A Flow system with a general User Interface (Yellow/Green) that uses Containers that contain data and software that visit specialized machines (Servants) with a Warehouse that contains reusable Appliances (Red, Action).
was discoverd by Mikhhael Bahktin when he was put in the prison of the Goelag Archipel by Stalin.
We are now experiencing a return to the origin or a move into Space.
Ancient “rockart.
Part 2 About Meta Systems:
Meta-Physics
was seen as the most fundamental part of philosophy until it was attacked as a language-game and a subjective construction-proces. It is now focused on the pragmatic aspects of language and knowledge and on the role of social interaction in the construction of meaning.
The most advanced philosophy moved to Cybernetics, Complexity Theory and Heuristics.
Emergence: The End of Causality
Emergence is the phenomenon where new properties and behaviors arise in complex systems that cannot be reduced to the individual components of the system. These properties emerge from the interaction between the parts, but do not exist on their own.
Key concepts to understand emergence:
Self-organization: Complex systems can spontaneously order and form patterns without external control.
Nonlinearity: Small changes in initial conditions can lead to large changes in the outcome.
Feedback loops: Amplify or dampen the behavior of a complex system, leading to complex patterns of behavior.
Maps in Mathematics
Maps turned into functions and functors and the “numbers” became theories. Category Theory tries to find out what functions are behind functions.
is the art of throwing away without destoying the essence being the altimate paradox between he static and the dynamic.,
Scales and Meta-systems
The four Scales above impose four different relations on a Meta-System where
(1): the Ordinal scale is related to Order and Rank , It converges to a Unity (Point) at the top.
Affine geometry studies geometric properties that are preserved by affine transformations, which include translations, rotations, scalings, and reflections. It is related to ordinal scales, which only measure the order of objects, not the absolute distances between them. Examples of affine geometry in practice include city maps, thermometer scales, and rankings of teams in a competition
(2) The Ratio scale is linked to Measuring related to a Unity, Money, the Euclidian Geometry (a Frame) and Cause and Effect which is a dominant concept because it is related to Capitalism.
Many Causes Converge sometimes in one effect.
(3) The Nominal scale lis inked to being Unique and Different and Liberalism which is a product of the French and American Revolution and Alan Fiske’s Equality Matching (EM).
(4) Set: Socialism and Communal Shring is related to Projective Geometry which is connecting lines (Pure Relation) where crosses of lines become Points.Point-Line-Duality : which means that points and lines can be exchanged. It also means rhat persons and their relations can be exchanged. See Interpersonal Theory.
Duality
Duality in mathematics refers to the symmetry or correspondence between different mathematical concepts or structures, such as objects and morphisms in category theory, or points and lines in projective geometry.
It often involves the interchange or reversal of certain elements while preserving important relationships or properties.
(5) The Cross being the Heart = “=“.
Meta-Levels-> Meta-Rules
Abstract concepts (games, systems, languages) are understood through meta-levels of rules and constraints.
Ontological analysis focuses on these meta-levels (essence and rules) rather than just the entities themselves (ontic perspective).
Higher meta-levels define broader constraints that determine the essence of lower levels.
Different “kinds of Being” can be understood through this hierarchical structure of meta-levels.
Applying meta-levels to phenomena (like learning) reveals their core essence and limitations.
This approach allows for a deeper understanding of a domain by progressively uncovering its underlying complexity and the constraints that shape it, even if those higher levels become more abstract and less directly controllable.
Why do higher meta-levels always involve rules?
Higher meta-levels always involve rules because they represent a level of abstraction above the concrete instances within a domain. At this higher level, the principles and structures that govern the functioning of the lower levels become visible.
These meta-rules can take various forms, such as:
Grammar in language: Grammatical rules dictate how words can be combined to form sentences.
Game rules in games: Game rules define how players can behave within the game and how the game can be won.
Laws in physics: The laws of physics dictate how nature works and how different elements interact with each other.
In all these cases, the meta-rules are more abstract than the concrete instances they govern.
Grammatical rules are more abstract than the words they combine, game rules are more abstract than the actions of the players, and the laws of physics are more abstract than the concrete phenomena they describe.
This abstraction is crucial because it allows us to understand the workings of complex systems without getting bogged down in the details.
By examining the meta-rules, we can recognize the underlying principles and structures that govern the system’s behavior.
The End = E8?
Currently E8 is the most effective meta-rule ever found.
How to Compress Experience of many Observers during the History of Mankind
This method only works when there are many Observers that communicate and understand each other and share the new levels from zero 0 -to-six i6 in history.
It explains why science is highly diverse and is certainly not the “truth” about our reality.
A bottum-up-top-down forward-and backward proces could help.
From Down to Up: Experience -> E/M-field->E8
Rules, Theorems, and Categories (Meta-level 1): Derived from observations and experiences (level 0). As we identify repeated patterns, we establish rules and categories to organize and describe them.
Properties, Axioms, and Spectra (Meta-level 2): Based on the rules and categories of the first meta-level. After establishing rules and categories, we examine the properties of objects and phenomena within these categories, as well as the fundamental assumptions (axioms) guiding our understanding.
Exceptions, Anomalies, and Singularities (Meta-level 3): Emerges from understanding properties and axioms. As our understanding deepens, we become aware of exceptions and anomalies that do not fit within existing rules and patterns, leading to the discovery of new concepts or ‘singularities’.
Categorization of Content, Quality Spectra, and Singularities (Meta-level 4): Arises from identifying exceptions and anomalies. In response to these discoveries, we further categorize and explore content, focusing on qualitative aspects and variability within categories.
Isolation, Transition, and Mutation (Meta-level 5): Result of understanding categorization and quality spectra. Delving deeper into variability within categories, we isolate individual elements and examine their transitions and mutations, leading to a better understanding of fundamental building blocks of phenomena.
Monads, Facets, and Wild Being (Meta-level 6): Derived from understanding isolation, transition, and mutation. At this highest level, we focus on the ultimate reduction of phenomena (monads), while acknowledging aspects of reality that cannot be fully reduced and fall beyond our comprehension (Wild Being). Facets serve as a way to understand and categorize these irreducible aspects
Spring and Autumn are in between Winter and Summer but in another order. Winter is the endstate of Autumn and Summer is the endstate of Spring. Spring is the beginning and the end..
0. is the beginning and the end of the Number Cycle.
tried to solve the problem of the Ontology by trying to find a pattern that is Unique by itself.
Magma
Plato called it an Idea.
Cornelius called it Magma.
Magma is the undifferentiated, pre-logical reality that exists before our minds impose order and meaning through the frames of language and logic.
Unlike sets with clearly defined elements, magma is a fluid, ever-changing multiplicity of meanings and potentialities.
The concept of “magma,” as introduced by Cornelius Castoriadis, refers to a mode of being or existence that differs from traditional categories such as sets and classes.
A magma is characterized by the property that its elements are not fully determined or distinguishable.
In other words, the structure of a magma cannot be unequivocally established, and its elements are intertwined and dynamic.
In the context of Castoriadis’ philosophy, the concept of “magma” emphasizes the complexity, dynamism, and non-fully determined nature of systems, transcending traditional categorization and determinism. It suggests an openness to change and evolution, as well as a refusal of strict categorization.
In summary, a magma is a complex and dynamic entity whose elements are interconnected, and whose structure cannot be fully determined.
It started with the Meta-fysics of Aristoteles that was found in an Arabic Library in Constantinopel
It was translated in Greek and than Latin.
It started the Renaissance.
Russell and Witgenstein reconstructed Mathematics that was abstracted away into a Map of Theories that became symmetries until Duality was discovered again.
Now Methematics is almost automated but Philosophy is not because Humans keep looking for Magna.
Het procesmodel van de Community of Practice COP draait twee complementaire kanten op naar binnen en naar buiten. Het heeft te maken met introvert en extravert Dat kan op vele schalen gebeuren.
Zo kan een stad of een land introvert of extravert zijn:
De Vader van de Community of Practice is Etienne Wenger.De oervorm is het Gilde, dat door Napoleon werd opgeheven in Nederland waarna het beroepsonderwijs op zijn frans werd gestandaardiseerd door het invoeren van het Pruisische systeem door Koning Willem I.
Het Pruisische schoolsysteem:
Was gericht op algemene vorming voor alle kinderen, ongeacht sociale klasse.
Legde nadruk op discipline en orde.
Was sterk gecentraliseerd en gecontroleerd door de staat.
Gebruikte leerstof en examens om de kwaliteit van het onderwijs te bewaken.
0.1. Doel van deze Blog
Op zoek naar een mooi recent voorbeeld van een CoP? Kijk hier.
In deze blog beschrijf ik wat je allemaal nodig hebt en moet doen om een technisch ondersteunde Communty of practice te realiseren gebaseerd op >20 jaar van mijn ervaring.
Ik ben de software nu (met anderen) weer opnieuw aan het maken.
Deze blog is eigenlijk een verslag van het ontwerpproces.
De essentie is het Combineren van Combinaties (Combogenesis).
Deze blog bestaat uit drie delen 1. Uitleg , 2 . Toepassing. en 3. het ontwerp van de ondersteuning van een CoP (een Meta Cop?).
Het meta-patroon herhaalt zich eindeloos. Het is een combinatie van combinaties.
1 Uitleg
is weer verdeeld in 1.1: de Mens: dit hoofdstuk bevat de kern, omdat ook experts (nog) mensen zijn.
1.2 Sociaal Netwerk Het eerste netwerk wat we tegen komen in ons leven is het sociale sociale netwerk. Daarna komen ze vanzelf langs. Zo is de school een ccommunity of Knowledge en hobbyclub een community of Interest.
Hoofdstuk 1.3 bevat definities van gebruikte kernbegrippen. (Wereldbeelden).
Ons cognitieve systeem ,onder meer onderzocht door Carl Jung, kan worden beschreven met behulp van wat hij Archetypen noemt.
Er zijn er 12 = (4!/2! ( combinaties zijn van maar twee variabelen, die eigenlijk maar één variabele is Beweging.
Hoofdstuk 1.4 bevat de Combinaties die met de vier Wereldbeelden kunnen worden gemmaakt t.b.v. sociale netwerken.
Aanleiding
Ik ben al heel lang aan het proberen om vrienden te motiveren om samen een technisch ondersteunde community of practice (CoP) op te richten, waarbij ik iedere keer hetzelfde plaatje gebruik.
Vorige week heb ik besloten om zelf te gaan bouwen, omdat het er anders nooit komt.
In deze blog leg ik het zelfde nog een keer op een andere manier uit.
Dit hoofdstuk bevat alle kennis die nodig om de rest te kunnen volgen.
IPT beschrijft de mens met behulp van maar twee variabelen Agency en Communion, die eigenlijk elkaars tegendeel zijn waardoor er maar één variabele naar keuze overblijft Agency, Orde (Blauw) of Communion. (Groen).
Eigenlijk is het een continue variabele, die erg veell ijkt op Temperatuur, een maat voor ongertichte beweging.
Ze lijken ook op Yin en Yang, waardoor de complete Chinese Filosofie beschikbaar komt.
De doorsnede van Yin en Yang is de Leegte. Die noemen we nu de Lege verzameling.
Hier een lijst met allerlei “tegendelen” , die soms niet als zodanig worden gezien omdat er achter iedere indeling een unieke persoonlijke kijk zit , een wereldbeeld”, waardoor er inteferentie optreedt.
Het model van IPT laat zien, dat een persoonlijkheid altijd een combinatie is van twee wereldbeelden, die weer een combinatie zijn van yin en yang of andere concepten naar keuze.
Een persoonlijkheid die maar uit 1 wereldbeeld bestaat heeft een geestesziekte,
Yin + Yang:
Rust + Activiteit
Ontvankelijkheid + Assertiviteit
Introspectie + Externe gerichtheid
Passiviteit + Actie
Donker + Helder
Koele eigenschappen + Warme eigenschappen
Agency + Communion:
Zelfexpressie + Verbondenheid
Autonomie + Samenwerking
Controle + Empathie
Assertiviteit + Harmonie
Onafhankelijkheid + Relatiegerichtheid
Doelgerichtheid + Ervaringsgerichtheid
Het Interpersonal circumplex laat de combinatie zien van alle gradaties van hoog en laag Agency en Communion zien geprojecteerd op een cirkel..
Agency nu getypeert met twee uitersten Dominant en Submissive en Communion getypeerd met Friendly en Hostile.
Electro-Magnetisch veld
IPT is afgeleid van de natuurkunde theorie van Clerk Maxwell en het lijkt er op, dat er nu voldoende bewijs is om te geloven, dat onze interactie is gebaseerd op ons Bioveld.
Hierdoor vallen Psychologie en Netuurkunde onder dezelfde verklaring iets wat de natuurkundige Wolfgang Pauli (uitvinder van de Quantum Mechanica) en zijn onderzoeks partner de psycholoog Carl Jung al door hadden.
Constraint: Som is altijd Nul.
Omdat Agency en Communion samen de lege verzameling zijn bestaat er een samenhang die altijd nul of leeg is.
Dit is ook in de Nastuurkunde bewezen door de natuurkundige Peter Rowlands.
Fractaal
betekent dat je hetzelfde eindeloos herhaalt door gebruik te maken van een sons onzichtbare terugkoppeling (feedback).
In onderstaand plaatjes wordt het plaatje in het centrum wat komt uit de Interpersonal theory “opgeblazen” in vele stappen die niet allemaal in detail worden getekend.
De eerste stap van de mens is de toetreding tot een sociaal sociaal netwerk meestal gevormd uit de familie en de sociale groep waartoe men behoort zoals een kerk.
Daarna komen de anere soorten vanzelf aan de beurt zoals de school als kennisnetwerk en het bedrijf als een practice.
Het eerste sociale netwerk in het leven is nu bepalend geworden voor alle netwerken wat erg jammer is want er zijn er meer, die onderling op hun eigen manier samenhangen.
In het Engels heet zo’n netwerk een Commiity of Affinity.
Productie -en Consumptiecyclus
In deze complementaire netwerken zie je Agency en Communion weer op grote schaal terugkomen.
Je kunt alles maken door yin en yang te combineren,
Kennis-Spiraal van Nonaka
Nonaka heeft een model gemaakt waarin de vier combinaties van kennis en ervaring worden beschreven die perfect passen op Paths of Change.
1.3 Definities
0 Wereldbeelden
We noemen die vier volgende concepten naar Will McWhinney Wereldbeelden, een unieke kijk op de wereld.
1 Kennis
is compact gemaakte ervaringen
Het kan plaatsvinden m.b.v. compressietechnieken of “met de hand”.
Cherkin Scripts kun je direct omzetten in Software door gebruik te maken Cucumber.
Als het verkeerd wordt gedaan kun je wel heen (compacter) maar niet meer terug, omdat de werkwijze onbekend is.
Fractale compressie werkt het best.
2 Ervaring
ontstaat doordat de Verwachting die kennis eigenlijk is is niet uitkomt.
Ervaring is een gevolg van het leren van gemaakte fouten.
Mensen hebben soms grote problemen om hun fouten te delen.
Roger Schank, de “uitvinder” van deze theorie bouwde simulatoren, die gevuld werden met ”foutsituaties” die werden verzameld m.b.v diepteinterviews.
Ik heb meerdere van deze simulatoren gebouwd met als voorbeeld een simulator verslaving te voorkomen.
Roger ~Schank legt zijn theorie uit. Deessentie is dat je erg veel onthoudt als je een fout maakt en herstelt dus de emotie bepaalt de aandacht, die een leerling heeft. Als die er niet is wordt alles Vergeten Hier (Retentie) wordt in Nederlang geen aandacht aan besteed.
Aanpak
Het hoeveelheid relevante verhalen over gemaakte fouten en de oplossing wordt snel kleiner en begint een standaard patroon te vetonen I(de metamyth van ?Joseph Campbell) terwijkl de uitzonderingen steeds relevanter worden maar moeilijk zijn te vinden.
Een uitgeteste aanpak om ervaring te verzamelen.
3 Waardering
is een Emotie.
4 Inzicht
is het omgekeerde van uitzicht met de zintuigen . Het is in het lichaam opgeslagen ervaring gekoppeld aan emoties en beelden.
Inzicht wordt ook wijsheid, idee interesse of begrip genoemd.
Emoties
De primaire emoties hebben te maken met de reactie op een gevaar. De erest van de emoties zijn combinaties met de andere wereldbeelden.
1.4 Combinaties van Wereldbeelden
De vier wereldbeelden kunnen op evele manieren worden gecombineerd in een bepaalde context.
Leren
is een cyclus waarin de vier wereldbeelden elkaar opvolgen. Dat kan op vele manieren omdat er vele veranderpaden mogelijk zijn.
Veranderpaden
zijn door Will McWhinney en zijnn collega’s aan de University of Los Angelos uitgezocht en vastgelegd in het boek Paths of Change.
Er zijn duizenden veranderpaden door een wereldbeeld weer fractaal te verdelen met behulp van de wereldbeelden. Uiteindelijk draait de cirkel weer rond.
Spellen
McWhinney noemde een combinatie van twee wereldbeelden een spel.ze passrn op de archetypen van Jung maar ook op allerlei andere theorien zoals de relatietypen van Alan Fiske, allerlei leertheorien. Ee`n grrot deel is door W~ill McWhinney al op papier gezet in zijn practice-boek.
De twaalf combinaties van vier wereldbeelden beschrijven 6 basisrollen,
Relatietypen
Alan Fiske noemt de spellen relatietypen. Ze komen in alle culturen voor.
De relatietypen van Alan Fiske verbonden in een Productie-cyclus.
2 Toepassing
Profiel
In een “normaal” sociaal netwerk wordt je Identiteit vastgelegd (Naam, adres, telefoon) maar in andere toepassingen zoals medische wordt al veel meer gevraagd.
In het onderstaande plaatje kun je zien, dat het model van PoC zich weer herhaald (fractaal) wat in de praktijk nog heel lagen doorgaat zelfs tot op moleculair niveau.
Myers Briggs-Profiel
is gebaseerd op de archetypen van Jung en past dus op PoC.
We beperken de context nu tot werk vertaald in een Beroep.
Beroep
Een beroep wordt doorgaans gedefinieerd als een specifieke vorm van werk of bezigheid waarbij iemand zijn of haar vaardigheden, kennis en expertise inzet om een bepaalde dienst te verlenen, producten te produceren of activiteiten uit te voeren in ruil voor een Beloning, zoals salaris, loon of honorarium.
De ISCO wordt ook gebruikt om de invloed van technologie, zoals AI op beroepen te onderzoeken.
Tot op heden zijn alleen de zorgende en de creatieve beroepen m.u.v. kunstenaars immuun totdat de goedkope op een mens lijkende zorgrobot op de markt komt ook al voelt een mens onmiddellijk dat er sprake is van een echt mens vanwege het bioveld, dat wellicht ook kan worden gesimuleerd.
Let op: Ook een AI maakt fouten wat impliceert dat hier ook sprake zijn van een CoP.
Een beroepsorganisatie is een voorbeeld van een Community of Practice met als groot verschil dat ze hun meestal pracrice op een “ouderwetse” manier hebben ingericht.
Een goed voorbeeld zijn de accountants, die ue praktijk nog steds hhetzelfde werken terwijl ze volledig geautomiseerd zijn. Dit betekent dat ze geld vragen voor uren, die de computer voor ze uitvoert.
Lijst Beroepsorganisaties
Deze lijst is m.b.v. GPT4 gemaakt.
Nederlandse Orde van Advocaten (NOvA): advocatuur ,Nederlandse Beroepsorganisatie van Accountants (NBA): accountancy, Nederlandse Vereniging van Ingenieurs (KIVI): ingenieurs, Nederlands Huisartsen Genootschap (NHG): huisartsgeneeskunde, Nederlandse Vereniging van Psychologen (NVP): psychologie, Nederlands Genootschap van Bedrijfskundigen (NGB): bedrijfskunde, Nederlands Instituut van Marketing (NIMA): marketing, Nederlands Genootschap voor Communicatiewetenschap (NGVO): communicatie, Nederlands Genootschap voor Arbeidsrecht (NGR): arbeidsrecht, Nederlands Genootschap van Fiscalisten (NGF): fiscaliteit, Nederlands Genootschap van Notariaat (NGN): notariaat, Nederlands Genootschap voor Psychiatrie (NPG): psychiatrie, Nederlands Genootschap voor Radiologie (NGR): radiologie.
2.1.2 Lijst Bedrijven
Een Bedrijf is een Community of Practice. Ze passen op de Market Pricing relatie, die wij nu kapitalistisch noemen omdat het om prijzen in de vorm van geld (kapitaal) gaat.
Deze lijst is met GPT4 gemaakt.
** Productie: bedrijven die producten produceren, zoals auto’s, kleding of voedsel. Produceren is maken is een relatie tussen Plan en Product.
** Handel: bedrijven die producten of diensten verkopen, zoals supermarkten, winkels of webshops.Dit is de relatie tussen Product en `Waarde, waarbij de waarde in geld wordt uitgedrukt.
** Dienstverlening: bedrijven die diensten verlenen, zoals advocatenkantoren, accountantskantoren of schoonmaakbedrijven. Dit zijn eigenlijk ook productie-bedrijven.
Productie
Productiebedrijven zijn bedrijven die producten produceren. Ze kunnen worden ingedeeld in verschillende categorieën, zoals:
** Industrie: bedrijven die producten produceren op basis van massaproductie, zoals autofabrikanten, voedselproducenten of elektronicafabrikanten.
** Ambacht: bedrijven die producten produceren op basis van handarbeid, zoals meubelmakers, juweliers of kledingontwerpers.
Handel
Handelsbedrijven zijn bedrijven die producten of diensten verkopen. Ze kunnen worden ingedeeld in verschillende categorieën, zoals:
** Groothandel: bedrijven die producten in grote hoeveelheden kopen en verkopen aan detailhandelaren of andere bedrijven.
** Detailhandel: bedrijven die producten of diensten verkopen aan consumenten.
Dienstverlening
Dienstverlenende bedrijven zijn bedrijven die diensten verlenen. Ze kunnen worden ingedeeld in verschillende categorieën, zoals:
** Medische diensten: bedrijven die medische diensten verlenen, zoals ziekenhuizen, klinieken of huisartsenpraktijken.
** Educatieve diensten: bedrijven die onderwijs verlenen, zoals scholen, universiteiten of hogescholen.
** Bedrijfsdiensten: bedrijven die diensten verlenen aan bedrijven, zoals accountantskantoren, advocatenkantoren of reclamebureaus.
Overige praktijken
Naast de bovengenoemde praktijken zijn er nog andere mogelijke praktijken, zoals:
** Onderwijs: bedrijven die onderwijs aanbieden, zoals scholen, universiteiten of hogescholen.
** Zorg: bedrijven die zorg aanbieden, zoals ziekenhuizen, klinieken of verpleeghuizen.
** Overheid: bedrijven die taken uitvoeren namens de overheid, zoals gemeenten, provincies of het Rijk.
** Non-profit: bedrijven die geen winstoogmerk hebben, zoals goede doelen, stichtingen of verenigingen.
3. Ontwerp
Cody Cody is een mooi voorbeeld van een potentiele COP.
Herhaling Theorie en een Theorie over Herhaling.
We beginnen met een korte herhaling van de theorie. Terug naar de Theorie druk hier.
Samenvatting van het model van de Mens uit Interpersonal Theory in deel 1.Ieder wereldbeeld is het tegendeel de van een ander wereldbeeld.In ieder systeem zit een Inhibitor (geel) die de expansie van het systeem omzet in een compressie.Wij noemen hem creativiteit, wijsheid, inzicht of begrip.
Hoe kunnen we een expanderend netwerk van experts laten convergeren en laten roteren zonder dat het een spiraal wordt die een punt of een oneindig veld wordt zoals ons universum?
We kunnen de beperking conceptueel maken of kwantitatief waardoor alle vier de wereldbeelden ook weer kwantitatief moeten worden gemaakt waardoor ze eigenlijk allemaal Kennis worden en het netwerk een bedrijf en dus kapitalistisch wordt waardoor alles in Geld wordt uitgedrukt.
Sociale Netwerken zijn sociaal als er wat wordt Gedeeld of wordt Gegeven.
Werkethiek
De vier wereldbeelden staan voor een werkethiek die culureel en daarmee ook lokaal bepaald is.
De universele relatietypen van Alan Fiske. MP is typisch Calvinistisch Nederlands (Holland), . CS is Bourgondisch zuidelijk en EM is Skandinavisch Noordelijk.AR is Duits.
Expert
Plan, Visie en Waarde
Er zijn vier “kijken op de wereld” die onderling een verband hebben waardoor iedere “kijk” altijd drie andere relaties heeft.
Een CoP kan zijn Visie (gee)l,Plan (Blauw) of of Waarde (voor de Klant, groen) aanpassen of andersom , een visie adopteren, een plan uitvoeren of een waarde accepteren.
Wat voor een Cop geldt geldt ook voor een expert in de community of een community in een Waardeketen of een Swaardeketen in een amenleving.
Dat is het gevolg van het fractale karakter.
Samen vormen de vier wereldbeelden en Cyclus, een path of change (PoC) , die zowel vooruit als achteruit als kruislinks en anti-kruislinks kan draaien.
SchaalSprong
Iedere keer als een PoC zich samenvoegd met andere PoX’s zoals een-celligen in een orgaan of organen in een lichaam of lichamen in een Familie is er Cognitief sprake van een Schaalsprong maar blijven de basiseenheden bijv de cellen in het lichaam onderling communiceren om het totaal stabiel te houden.
Als de totale indentiteit verdwijnt valt het totaal.
Een CoP is een schaalsprong voor mensen maar het nog geen collective identiteit (zoals een stad of land die een proces heeft wat het geheel in stand houdt. Die is in de loop der tijd gegroeid.
Doel CoP veranderen
betekent dat de richting (het doel) van CoP soms bewust moet worden omgekeerd om een bepaald resultaat te bereiken als dat resultaat bekend is.
Meestal draaien communities of practice mee met een stroom behalve als het bedrijf wat die practice dient een Strategie heeft.
Dat zie je bijvoorbeeld bij de grote accountskantoren zoals Deloiite. Deloitte is het grootste accountantsbedrijf ter wereld. De omzet van Deloitte was in 2023 10,98 miljard dollar, met een personeelsbestand van 44.825 medewerkers. Deloitte is actief in meer dan 150 landen.
Stoppen of starten Expansie
Een CoP is een kern die soms uit 1 persoon bestaat (de inspirator), die mensen aantrekt, waardoor de kern expandeert (rood), passie.
In de natuur is er altijd ook een “kracht” die de expansie stopt.
Dat kan zhet gebruik van hulpbronnen zijn (Groen) die de Passie (rood) remt of een andere compenserende kracht zoals de Zomer die het Ijs van de Winter laat smelten.
In het algemeen is er een constraint (Temperatuur) die de compenserende of de expanderende krachten triggert als het absolute nulpunt wordt bereikt.
Wwn wereldbeeld lijkt op een seizoen met de zon in het centrum.
Een Spel van PoC is eigenlijk een Vraag.
Iedere combinatie van 2 kijken (Worldview) wordt een Spel genoemd en heeft een eigen vraag zoals Hoe, wat, Waarom.
Een koppeling van twee vragen is een veranderings-aanpak, zoals een Revitalisatie of een Renaissance.
Die twee bestaan uit vier gekoppelde stappen met een eigen Beginpunt en een eigen Draaiing (met, of tegen de klok.
Het meest moderne pad Anti-Fragility, , een concept van Nassim Taleb, loopt via de Kruispunten.
Herhaling PoC.
In onderstaande presentatie wordt de theorie van PoC herhaald.
Persoonlijkheid: Myers Briggs-profiel , minimaal de 2 combinatie van N,T, S en F.
Basis-rol: kan worden afgeleid uit MB-profiel bijv. NT = Architect.
Ervaring:Dit is het belangrijkste onderdeel van een CoP. In “ouderwetse” netwerken wordt hier het CV gescand en de Opleidingen.
Ervaring is het gevolg van het uitvoeren van Plannen en het resultaat van deze plannen met de nadruk op een failure van de verwachting. Het is een fout, ieen deels of volledig mislukt plan en de lering (BEGRIP), die men heeft getrokken.
Ervaring is het het COP gevolg van het gebruik van de Entiteiten. Het gebruik bestaat feitelijk met het leggen van relaties.
Als een COP buiten de praktijk istaat, omdat de hulpmiddelen of het werkdomein er niet inzitten.
Administratie
s een COP een Administratie en is de kwaliteit van de COP afhankelijk van de wijze waarop een administratie wordt gwvoed.
0. Hoe heet de Practice (i.h.a.) Cyclus (naam( bijv. het ontwerpen van software.
1Gebeurtenis Proces : ~~Wat gebeurt er? een beschrijving in tekst, video, foto. dit kan ook een relatie zijn naar een andere cyclus. bijv. de stroom is uitgevallen. Een gebeurtenis is een moment.een proces is een aaneenschakeling (volgorde) van momenten.
2. Plan Orde, Volgorde Rangorde, Hoe is het gebeurt? Wat is de oorzaak? Wat waren de oorzaken van de gebeurtenis?Hoe verliep de gebeurtenis?Wat waren de gevolgen van de gebeurtenis? tekst, video, foto etc 2 Het is een opsomming, lijst, spreadsheet,
3. Begrip, concept idee, Wat is “het”? een definitie van de begrippen die in 1 , 2 etc v3, 4 5 etc oorkomen.i.h.a. een tekst of een plaatje.
4. Persoon Mens, Wie was betrokken? een lijst de Actoren (naam, omschrijving, mogelijk lid van het netwerk)
5 .Wat is de Waarde? een emotie (emoticon), een waardering (hoog,laag, goed,slect) of een mening (tekst).5 kan een rrelatie hebben naar 1, 2 en 3.
6. Waarom een vraag naar de reden .dat is weer een een Plan.
Er blijven dus 4. entiteiten over 1, Proces, 2 Plan, 3 Begrip en 4 Waarde die allemaal een benoemde relatie hebben in de vorm van een basisvraag.
Dynamiek
Identiteit (Naam, en Practice (omschrijvingmoeten zijn ingevuld . de T van het profiel duidt op een 2. Plan (2).en S op een 1. Proces. N wijst naar 3. Concepten en 4.naar 5. Waarden en 4. Personen
Beginvraag: Wat is uw belangrijkste ervaring? vul nu een 2.Plan .. een 1.Proces en een bijbehorende 5. Waarde(ring)
voorbeeld:
Plan: “Programmeren leren“—-> (Hoe?)–Proces “Cursus volgen“—>Waardering (Mening) ” hielp niets veel te abstract”—>Proces ” Programma maken”–> Idee “Hulp vragen bij vriend”
Na iedere stap zijn er altijd 3 keuzes.
Convergentie van een CoP.
EEn mooi voorbeeld is de Lo Shu. De lo shu is een magisch vierkant waarin alle getallen alle kanten op de zelfde som hebben.
We kunnen de vier wereldbeelden (of vier krachten) hier ook in onder brengen.
Om de cyclus te laten draaien moeten we een verplichte richting draaien.
Samenvatting
In een Cop wordt ervaring gedeeld.
Die ervaring ontstaat door reflectie op gemaakte fouten die soms door anderen zijn overgedragen.
Dat noemt men wijsheid en het hoorde bij de Meester van een Gilde.
Een COp is een simulatie van de werkelijkheid of de adninstratie van de geschiedenis van een COP, die soms in het begin geen naam heeft , omdat het beroep nog niet was ontstaan.
De huidige techniek is erg geschikt om alle vormen van een Sociaal Netwerk te ondersteunen.
De ondersteining van een COP was er nog niet en dit is het begin van een COP die COPS bevat.
De Amerikaanse Kranten en nieuwsbladen zoals Forbes staan er weer vol mee.
OpenAI heeft wellicht een nog slimmer systeem bedacht wat zelf Wiskunde kan bedrijven en bijvoorbeeld simpel een encryptie kan doorbreken.
Het kan natuurlijk ook onbekende kanten van de mens of het universum ontdekken.
Is dit mogelijk?
Verzinsel of Realiteit?
OpenAi is met de Q*-technologie bezig met een fractale expansie door AI op AI toe te passen.
Die stap heeft geen einde, omdat abstractie geen einde heeft.
Zelfbewustzijn
Het merkbare effect is, dat zowel BARD als GPT bewuster aan het worden zijn en de stap naar zelfbewustzijn is zo gemaakt.
Dat al eerder gelukt met AlphaGo, die met zichzelf ging spelen en in korte tijd Go leerde spelen.
Van AI -> AGI
De kunst van de huidige AI is Reinforcement Learning wat is gebaseerd op de denkbeelden van Skinner, die liet zien, dat mensen leren als ze gestraft en beloond worden.
AI heeft twee aspecten namelijk , de uiterlijke kant van de mens, die het beste zichtbaar is in robots.
Die wordt gebruikt als specificatie en de innerlijke kant van de mens als organisme, dat nog steeds buiten de scope van de AI ligt maar zich wel op zijn eigen manier aan het ontwikkelen is.
Hier blijkt, dat de “intelligentie” van de mens en die van de kleinste 1-cellige niet verschillen en dat organismen netwerken van organismen zijn, die omvangrijker zijn dan men denkt.
De mensheid kan veel bereiken als er wordt samengewerkt op alle niveau’s dus vanaf de Cel tot aan de Verenigde Naties.
Q-learning is een algoritme dat een agent in staat stelt om de beste actie te leren om in een gegeven staat te nemen om een beloning te maximaliseren.
Het is een navigatielaag bovenop Deep learning en Reinforcement learning.
DL: Deep Learning
Deep learning is een vorm van machine learning die gebruik maakt van kunstmatige neurale netwerken om complexe taken uit te voeren.
Neurale netwerken zijn geïnspireerd op de menselijke hersenen en zijn in staat om patronen te herkennen en te leren van grote hoeveelheden data.
DL doet de hersenen na of beter wat sommige wetenschappers denken hoe de hersenen werken.
Bioveld
Veel wijst er op, dat het anders werkt namelijk via het Bioveld, een specialisatie van het Electro-Magnetische veld.
RL: Reinforcement learning
Reinforcement learning is een vorm van machine learning waarbij een agent leert om de beste acties te nemen in een gegeven situatie om een beloning te maximaliseren.
De agent wordt beloond voor het nemen van goede acties en gestraft voor het nemen van slechte acties.
WiskundeAI
OpenAI vermoedt dat AI daardoor instaat wordt gesteld om Wiskunde te bedrijven.
In this blog I try to define the Computer Architecture of the Future.
“The Present is built on Semiconductors” But “The Future will come from somewhere else”.
I believe this architecture will be based on “Nature” because the architecture of “nature” is already based on a Turing machine.
DNA Storage and Programming
it is possible to write a program that makes it possible to generate specialized DNA that generates a specialized organism but that leaves the question open how many organisms are coordinated and how they are coordinated by the coordinator?
Organisms are a cooperation of billions of 1-cellular organisms.
Dna can be used to store a lot of information in a Very Small volume.
DNA is not the carrier of All the data of the organism.
Cell, Organism, Swarm, Ecosystem
The picture below comes out of the work of Michael Levin.
He proved that the DNA determinates the hardware but not the software of the organism.
Biofield
The software is a Bioelectric field created by the electric-field of the organisms.
The Electro-Magnetic Field determinates the Shape or the Bodyplan of the Organism.
The smaller we go the more intelligent becomes the organism.
Single cell organisms have no brain but act like they have a brain.
Single cells are able to unite in many different highly adaptive organisms.
If we apply this model to the humans we have to unite to become adaptive on a higher level (Earth, Solar System, etc).
Michael Levin explains how.
Millions of independent organisms without a nervoussystem don’t need DNA to coordinate their behavior.
They do that bySwarmingjust like Birds and Fire-Flys do.
History of Computer Architecture
The history shows a highly Dynamical Ecosystem where Issues come and go mostly because of Hypes.
The IT-community is Swarming just like the organisms do.
In the end “old” issues like Modularity and Communality vs Variability come back.
In this video from 2016 Microservices were nr.1.
Compress until the Planck Level:
Microservices are part of a general trend to compress software and hardware.
In the end the compressed machines reach the smallest Planck-level in which Quantum-mechanics is dominant.
Heterogenoeus Computing
Hardware becomes programmable blurring the distinction between both fields.
Hardware/software can also be Specialized because of specific demands like very Big data and very Good Performance or specialized Algorithms that come out of AI.
It is also possible to Make or Buy an FPGA: a Field Programmable Gate Arrays or an ASIC, an Application Specific Integrated Circuit.
Privacy
Modularity and Communality
Currently customers expect to be able to purchase customized products for near mass production prizes.
To make this possible many parts have been standardised and the Arrangement of the Parts is configured and the Configurator has become a Meta-configurator . Where is the end?
In 1993 I designed an Architecture for Cordys, a Process-Manager based on the BPML-standard.
I used a general change-architecture Paths of Change (PoC) designed by Will McWhinney of UCLA.
In the picture below you see two Connected Networks using the same architecture and a Multi-purpose Collaboration system that uses MovingSoftware put into specialized Containers.
The containers are evaluated by what i call a Servant.
Interested read de PDF below or look at this link.
The Six parts are 2-combinations of Four parts coloured Red (Action), Green (Values, Emotion, Yellow Imagination) and Blue (Control).
A Flow system with a general User Interface (Yellow/Green) that uses Containers that contain data and software that visit specilized machines (Servant) with a Warehouse that contains reusable Appliances (Red, Action).
Hardware has become software and is using Itself to Execute its programs.
This not new. It is used all over the universe.
Action And not-Action
can be put into a cycle with a very short cycle time.
It is the way Light is becoming Matter and Matter becoming Light.
The four views of PoC are put into a structure where every view is the complement of the opposite View.
This pattern was called a Quaternion by Carl Jung and comes out of Alchemy.
The two Rotated Squares of Leibniz combine the square of logic of Aristotle with the square of Alchemy both based on oppositions of oppositions.
HomeoStasis and Inhibition
Life on earth started with small Autocatalytic Cells with a membrane that “controlled” its proces by generating an inhibitor to stop growing.
Every proces is controlled by its anti-proces that is controlled by its anti-anti-proces.
An Inhibitor Activator System
Virtual Hardware
RISC and the future of RISC
RISC means Reduced Instruction Set Computer.
An Instruction Set defines the Machine language is built up from discrete statements or instructions.
Until now nobody got the idea to define a Machine with the effect that the machine was doing things nobody needed making it too complex.
The Reduction of the instruction is still not finished.
The Meta-Architects Henessey and Patterson are now realizing that they have to look with a new view on software from Top to Bottom.
RISc V
Risc v is an Open Source development platform from Berkely University that has generated many open en closed applications.
Because of the war in Ukraine many countries including Russia, India and /china are now veveloping their own Line. of Chip development all based on Riscc V (or higher)
Semiconductor Strategy
Semiconducters are “essential” parts of computers for such a long time that nobody believes there were alternatives that never made it until now the world became Multi-Polar and the Cold War that was never stopped came back.
At ABN and ABN AMRO i was responsible for the software development cycle.
From the start of automation in the sixties ABN and AMRO used a dictionary controlled development proces.
A Dictionary later called a Repository is a specialize database that contains the Meta-model of the development cycle and a proces model that moves software to the Implematation Architecture that contains the hardware and the network.
The technical architecture contains a customer and a bank specific part that supports Electronic Banking (now on Mobile Phones) and support departments of the bank world wide.
We now start to define a new Computer Architecture based on very different Points-of-view coming from different area’s of Science.
We start with Biology.
Reactions to a Disturbance
When a Microbial community is Disturbed it can React in many Ways.
Composition vs Performance
The reaction can be described by a Composition and its Performance.
There are 4 combinations in this picture named Resistance,
Resilience and
FunctionalRedundancy.
The last one is also called Anti-fragility.
An Event triggers a System that is composed of 2**n (2,4,16,…)components that are all connected in a Cycle.
The Binary pattern (Order, not order) was called Yin and Yang in ancient china. The I Ting (an book of oracles) consist of 64 posibilities.
The 2**N possibilities can be visualised by the Triangle of Pascal or a Spiraling Spiral.
This spiraling pattern is also produced by the Octionons a combination of Quaternions that are combinations of Complex numbers.
Spirals
Te pictures below are the result of mapping
(1) a general Change Archtecture (Paths of Change) with
(2) the general Relationship-model of Alan Fiske to
(3) the Scales of Measurement to
(4) general Geometries
using a 1-to-1Mapping.
All of them are cycles that have four possible directions Up, Down, Forwards, Backwards in 3D-space and much more complex geometries in higher dimensions.
Sheng Cycle The Whole is Part of the Cycle
In this cycle the connection to the cross in the center has become a part of the cycle meaning a Move to the Whole is part of the cycle,
Cycle Generator
A rotating circle generates cycles with the frequency of the rotation.
Everycycle move Up and Down with a Setpoint in the middle.
Panarchy
Panarchy is a theory about Ecologies.
Geometry Cycle
In this picture you see the terminology of Panarchy you can see above mapped in a Path of Change model (Colors) connected to the model of Alan Fiske and the model of Interpersonal theory related by the theory of Scales of Mesurement and related Geometries.
This reference model was initially created byPeter Rowlands by rewriting the Formulas of Physics.
He found an Adaptive Machine that is rewriting its own Operating system and its apllication software based on a constraint that makes sure that the universe is always in Balance.
So no Big Bang but an Eternal Being.
Symmetry and Nilpotence
Every Change Sums to Zero.
When the sums are not zero the “software” is changed to get back to zero.
The universe is based on “software” that rewrites itself to stay zero.
Hardware is put into a chip with variableinstruction sets.
Virtual Virtual Machines
Computer software is put into a Virtual Machine that makes it possible to simulate a computer on a computer.
The end of this proces is of abstraction minimal hardware is put into a minimal chip with a variable outside (User interface) that is connected to the Senses.
I was responsible for the software development cycle of a very big bank.
Repository
This proces was from the beginning supported by a Dictionary later called a Repository.
Metamodel
A repository is a specialized database that contains specialized software with a specialized User Interface that automates the development proces as nuch as possible.
It constains a generator that generates software that operates on the hardware and network.
Life started as an Autocatalytic system that was controlled by a constraint that triggers an opposite(inhibitor) proces that prohibits growing too fast.
In our body the same happens and even in our culture we use inhibitors to stop growing.
Strangely enough this inhibitor we call “creativity”. Creativity stops the dominance of the old.
Not the DNA but the Bio-electric field mostly created by a collective of 1-cellular organisms determinates sthe Shape and contains the Memory of the organism.
Conclusion
in this blog I have gathered a lot of data to use in a Next blog in which I will make a meta-design you can use.
This blog is a Result of the Research I did for my blog about Heuristics.
Heuristics shows that Complex problems are never solved by complex solutions
The best Explaining model is the Worst predictor and the Best predictors are Fourfold.
New Research: What do all the Organisms Share?
My re-search became a search for the relationship between the Human Cognitive system, its Evolutionary Development as an Organism and the State of ArtificialIntelligence ending in an Insight that our Semantic intelligence has a Chemical origin.
For a Quick Start and a Summary push this link or start with the Introduction .
This blog starts with Physics moves over to Chemistry and Ends with (Evolutionary)Biology.
In between I discover many other Fusions with Biology like Bio-Physics and even Bio-mathematics.
Where Stuff is Made Off
Stuff (Matter) is made of Light (Photons) that moves in Spiralling Spiral motion just as Peter Rowlands explains.
What is Light?
Mass = Light.
In this very difficult talk you will see that all the different theories in Physics and all the different Forces are really the same and related to different Ways to see the same Universe
~Te essence is Duality fused into Nothing.
Martin died a few years ago. Below the comment on this talk many years later by his fellow scientists.
and a summary of all this a few years ago.
Light is two Inteacting Fields Electric and Magnetic moving through Space.
When we look with our Multi-dimensional Worlview we see every dimension (Magnitude, Point, Line, Square, Volume, .. shows Another type of Particle.
John Williamsson Explains the PDF of Martin van der Mark who died recently.
Photon spiraling in a Tube.
How to compute with light.
Thermodynamics, the Sience of Heat
Natural processes are irriversible just as we are always moving into the future until we realize that natural laws are not laws at all but Context dependentObservations that can be changed when we change the context.
The Earth
The Russian scientist Wladimir Vernadsky divided the earth in 3 spheres called the (1) the Abiotic sphere – all the non-living energy and material processes (2) the Biosphere – the life processes that live within the abiotic sphere and theNoosphere– the sphere of the human cognitive processes.
The Earth as a Water Cycle
A simulation of the Creation of Life in an atmosphere like early Earth.
Our Chemical Origin
Chemical Bodily Communicators: Hormones
Our Emotions and our Personal Chemistry is controlled by ourHormones.
The endocrine system works in large part by acting on neurons in the brain, which controls the PituitaryGland. This system is very important for the activation and control of basic behavioral activities.
Hormones are specialized ChemicalMessengers that operate with different (Minutes, Days, even Years) Frequencies on a general Bodily level using the Blood flow controlled by the Heart but also on a Cell-to-Cell and an InternalCell level.
They show an AncientFractal Pattern of Uni-ellular Integration.
This pattern repeats in human-to-human SocialStructures and is visible in and between our our Cities and States.
Want to know more about Uni-ellular Integration? Pushthis link.
A Path of Change (PoC) model of self-Actualizing City that is an Ecology that grows out of the combined effort of Four different expanding and compressing Forces (look at the four Colors) that act as a 4D Wave. The Set point constitutes the base-line of well-being.
Paths of Change uses four independent WorldViews with a fifth center.
The model behind PoC can be found in many theories including the Learning theory of Kolb. On this picture you see two cycles that move with-and against the clock.
The Endocrine System
The body is a system that is almost in balance (Homeostasis) controlled by chemical messengers that start and inhibit other messengers that do the same with the others.
Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence is is not able to React to unknown Situations. It has to be programmed by Intelligent Humans.
The most advanced AI-tool AlphaGo-Zero needs data gathered by humans to Analyze and supposes a Game to win.
AI-systems need Humans to adapt.
Human Heuristics are much smarter than AI-systems.
Wisdom is and Heuristics are an Accumulated Reflection on Experience.
0. Introduction
In this blog I analyze the human Cognitive Architecture and its relationship with the architecture of our fellow-Organisms including the bacteria and viruses.
Bacterium
The Hydra has a Distributed brain, the Salamander a Centralized brain.
The spine is developed out of the notocord that came out of he axocord that was used to Swim.
The marine worm Platynereis has a muscle (red) which develops in the same place and has the same genetic signature as the notochord (blue) that develops into our spinal discs.
The small worm has eyes and other sensors that makes it possible to move in a 4D-frame.
Just as the bacteria the rotators are a integral part of the total cycle.
Trichoplax adhaerens is a species of placozoa, the simplest animals at the base of the tree of life.
Unbounded vs Bounded vs Ecological Rationality
I also relate the human Cognitive architecture to the architecture of Artificial Inteligence, a result of Bounded Rationality , a theory of Herbert Simon that recently was taken over by the HumanBias of Daniel Kahneman and more recently by Ecological Rationality of Gerd Gigenrenzer also called Heuristics.
Heuristics are the “positive” part of the Human Bias, a problem we encounter when we are put under Stress or don’t have enough Time to Reflect.
Gerd Gigerenzer and Nassim Taleb about why Complex systems Fail and Experts are not always Experts. About Taking Risk with Insight.
Organisms
Small Systems are just as Smart as Big Systems
The Law of Kleiber shows a relationship between the Metabolism(“Chemical Energy“) of an Organism and its Mass. The law holds for the Smallest (UniCellular) and the Biggest organisms and is even applicable to much bigger Organisations like Cities. Intelligence is independent from the Size of an Organism or Big Systems are not more Intelligent than Small Systems.
Organisms are Chemical Factories
After cooling The Earth became a “giant Chemical reactor” that was able to Catch life that was part of CollidingMeteorites.
The Way ElectronsRotate around anti-electrons (protons, Kernel) in more ComplexElements looks a lot like Organisms just as very Big Far away structures look a lot like very small Close by structures .
Our Universe is a highly Self-referencing (Fractal) structure.
Life is an Autocatalytic Chemical Reaction
Life is an Autocatalytic Chemical Reaction, a Loop in which an Activator produces its own inhibitor.
Example of an Activator/Inhibitor System.
An Activator/Inhibitor-System in Practice with the Slime Mold.Interesting is (1) Reuse of just one chemical AMP Adinine Mono Phosphate) as a Trigger to start clustering , (2) Synchronizationand Repeating an old Pattern (“Growing into a Plant“). AMP is the simple form of ATP part of the Krebs-cycle.
Organisms are Moving Memories
Organisms are Moving Memoriesexploring their environment to satisfy their need for the Energy (chemicals) they need to Survive.
An Organism is its Emotion
To stay in de right place they move to the place their E-mover (“flagellum”) sends them to.
The Bodyplan of the Bacterium with the Memory in the middle and the Brain, A receptor at the Front. The place of the Memory is also the place of the Heart of the Human.
The Heart contains the Memory of the Body
In Ancient Religion the Heart was the Seat of the Soul.
The Brain in the Head is a Sensor. Its Memory is Distributed all over the Body in theSpindles of the Muscles and the Heart.
The Bodyplan of the bacterium can be seen in all the organisms including Humans.
In between a Sensor and Mover a short term Memory is created out of the molecules we take in at the Front.
A Human is a Higher Order Embedding of a Bacterium
The difference between the bacterium and us is calledHigher Order Embedding meaning the same principle is applied to Itself, creating a Hierarchy.
Creating a Hiearchy is a proces Without an End. That’s why our Living Context was transformed into a Infinite space Above us with an infinite Power that controls it. This resulted in many Stories that turned into Myths.
If you want to start now with the blog push here or first read about Scientific Narratives.
Scientific Narratives and the Meta-Myth
This hierarchy is really a very complicated Dynamic Networkthat contains many sub-structures {“Semantic” “Chemical“, “Ecological“, “Social“,and other types of Networks) we have Named (Categorized) using a Principle that was in Tune with the Spirit of the Time.
This resulted in a lot of Scientific Narratives that turned into Scientific Myths that are summarized by Joseph Campbell (a follower of Carl Jung) in the Hero Quest that starts with a Call to Adventure (a Vocation).
The Quest of Mankind
Scientific Narratives claim to be based on a Truth not realising that this truth is also a Belief.
Currenty especially Physics (“Big Bang“) and Biology (Evolution) is discovering that the Myth of Creation blocks us to see how Simple Life and the Universe really is.
My first Mentor was a director of ABN (Harry Haenen). My last mentor was Will McWhinney.
My Gift of the Goddess was the Discovery of the Coming of The Golden Age.
The Age of Aquarius
The hero’s Quest is an old Cyclic model that was projected on the Zodiac.
The very longterm Precession cycle is moving Against the Clock of the yearly Sun Cycle meaning the we are now at the Start of New long term cycle meaning a new Call to Adventurefor Mankind.
FRom Dualism to Holism
An Astronomical Age takes 26000 years.
We are ending the Age of the Fish (Pisces) and are moving into the Age of Aquarius.
Pisces is the time of Duality, the battle about Good and Bad.
the Age of Aquarius heralds the arrival of a new stage of the kondratiev cycle, the Golden Age.
Aquarius opens a Vessel with Water that brings the Fish to the Milkey Way. Left you can see the Arrows of Sagittarius that precedes Aquarius. Water is the symbol of the Aether. (and other Flow Systems).
The cycle of the Zodiac.
What are Heuristics?
When I was re-searching for ny blog about Heuristics I found the thesis of Sheldon J. Chow, called “Heuristics, Concepts, and Cognitive Architecture: Toward Understanding How The Mind Works”
“Heuristics are cognitive procedures that satisfice, and that require little cognitive resources for their recruitment and execution; they operate by exploiting informational structures, called Perceptual SymbolSystems (PSS).
Exploiting Perceptual Symbol Systems
Concepts are highly organized collections of linguistically coded perceptual information.
Our Cognition looks lke a Video-recorder connected to our real Emotions and Bodily-processes that are retrieved when certain concepts (Anchors) or Situations are recalled.
Concepts are Simulators that embody Perceptual symbols that are collections of neurons that are activated in the perceptual centres of the Brain.
What we can Imagine Exists
Brouwer: Mathematics is a product of the Imagination. What we can Imagine exists. See also Where mathematics comes from by George Lakoff who discovered the foundation of language being embodied methaphors who are 1-1 (Isomophic) Mappings from the Outside sensed world to the Inside bodily awareness.
Mathematical Language is a “Normal” language
An Assertion (If Condition (Boolean) =True do Action A or Action B) is called a Judgement that is Witnessed by a Fact (Evaluate Condition) that turns the Assertion into an Action. When we move to Space assertions become Points.
Martin Lof Type Theory describes Mathematical Language
Martin Lof Type theory is the definition of a programming language that makes it possible to program mathematical reasoning to support mathematical Proof checking.
About Type theory, the foundation of Mathematics.
Intuitional Mathenatics became the foundation of HomotopyType theory that became the Foundation of Mathematics by the work of Martin Lof who started a discussion about what “Judgement” really is. This i a very long Video about the research of Martin Lof into the history of the term Judgement.
Perceptual states arise in the Sensory-Motor system
Perceptual states arise in the Sensory-Motor system.A subset of the state is extracted by selective Attention and stored in long-term memory.
This perceptual memory can function as a symbol entering into symbol manipulation.Collections of the perceptual symbols comprise our conceptual representations.
The structure of a perceptual symbol corresponds (at least somewhat) to the perceptual state that produced it.A Conceptual Model of a Perceptual Symbol System being a part of the PDF below.
An example of establishing an initial frame for car after processing a first instance. (B) The frame’s evolution after processing a second instance. (C) Constructing a simulation of the second instance…
Relevance Theory And the Frame Problem
The Thesis contains a reference to two for me interesting and highly interrelated Philosophical Questions called the Frame – and the Relevance problem which is about determining what is and is not relevant in our cognitive processing or What do we Know when we Sense a Situation.
Ma’at aresponsible for Harmony and Thot, the Magician change the Ished Tree. This tree contains the Past and the Future. A Tree is a Symbol of the Path between the Point (Seed) of Creation and the Now.
The Heart is the Pump of the Up (Brain) and the DownCirculation of the Body.
Both parts are in Balance when their Sum is Zero.
The Ape represents the Human.
Two four-fold cycles connected at the Connection point (green) of both Cycles.
Left a comparable model where the parts (now called tatva’s) are called chakra’s (meaning “wheels“).
Every part of this model is able to turn into a new cycle until a new “emergent” level is reached.
Summary
Short description of the content of the Chapters:
Reason: This blog is the result of the Reserch i did for my blog about Heuristics.
During this research I found a Thesis that contained a lot of Interesting links.
Thermodynamics One of these links was a presentatation about Thermodynamics (the science of Heat) I was looking for that proved that the laws of physics are not “Eternal” laws but Context Dependent Observations. The same Vision as the American Pragmatists (Charles Sanders Peirce, William James, and John Dewey) around 1840 had.
0. Introduction An old blog about bacteria brought me back on the path of Paths of Change but with the re-introduction of the Quaternio of Carl Jung.
A Video with Gerd Gigenrenzer and Nassim Taleb about Heuristics and Risk Taking.
In this blog I compare the human Cognitive Architecture with the Architecture of Organisms.
You will see that Bacteria are Controlled by an(1) Chemical AutocatalyticCycle that contains a (2):Head that is used as a Sensor, 3):a Heart in the Middle that operates as a Memory and (4): a Tail that functions as a Motor.
This blog started as a follow-up on my blog about Heuristics.
I found a thesis explaining Heuristics with the concept of Perceptual Symbol Systems being hierarchical Semantic Models linked into a Semantic Network, (SM) being a Meta SM.
The personal Semantic network not only contains Perceptual symbols but also Emotions, Patterns, and Intuitions, being Wisdom Gathered in many generations and transmitted by the epi-genes of the mother and the father.
They comunicate internally and externally with many voices .
We not only communicate with sounds (words) but ook with movements (Eye), chemicals and EM-fields (“Bodyfield“). .
We are many personalities that react in a diffrent way and start an Internal dialogue.
Our personalities expect that the sender is providing meaning compressed in their Points of View.
People that have only one Point of View are disconnected because every View is Independent (Making an angle of 90 degrees) from all the others.
Normal communication takes two Complemenatary views into account.
Because of this RT, IP, MB,PoC are a Quaternion(Fourfold), a concept invented by Carl Jung who found the concept in ancient Mystics and ancient Egyptian, Indian and Chinese Theory including Alchemy.
What are Anticipatory Systems? , To be an anticipatory system it has to contain a model of the outside world.
Life is an expanding system in which all te possibilties of a very basic simple model are created until the basic model innovates itself.
This chapter is really the end of this blog because it shows that the basic model of life is Activation and Inhibition being a Duality. The duality is compatible with Movement being Distance divided by Time.
Rodney Cotterill was 20 years ago far ahead of his Colleaques.
The last part of this blog contains many highly abstract (Bounded?) subjects that show what’s wrong with current (bio-)Science.
Gategory Theory: Is it possible to define theories as Functions?
About the Gategory Theory of Networks.
A Petri-net was a Chemical Ttheory about Reaction-networks and was reused as a tool to define Software-programs and second order Differential Equations.
Is it possible to Map more “Knowledge fields”into other Knowledge-fields?
Erwin Schrödinger one of the Inventors of Quantum Mechanics (QM) wrote a book called What is Life.
QM can be applied at the very small level of the Cell. Ik can be shown that Photo-Sysynthesis in the Plant but also the detection of chemicals by the Nose can be explained with the same principle.
This part contains many interesting video’s and PDF’s.
1. Interpersonal Theory is an example of a Quaternio
Two levels of Expansion and Compression linked to 7 essential Questions of an Individual in the Center.Paths of Change (PoC) is a Scale Free (fractal) theory of Change developed by Will McWhinney. PoC is an example of what Carl Jung called a Quaternio (a Fourfold).
Every Combination of two Points of View generates a Question (6).
Every Dual combination of points-of-view is a Game
A Quaternio contains four concepts that all have a complementary relation.
So are the senses, looking outside connected with the imagination, looking inside connected by the process Invent or Explore.
You can also play with dualism (2), the distinction )1) Zero 0) or nothing (∅).
Relevance theory is devoped to explain the Evolution of the human Cognitive system and human intelligence. It is also used to create artificial intelligence.
Relevance theory has a lot in common with Interpersonal theory and the theories of Bahktin about the Utterance or the internal and external Dialogue we take part in.
Interpersonal theory assumes that humans expect meaningful information from other humans and from the humans that are inside. We are always in a dialogue.
It also assumes that a mental illness can be explained by a connection-problem. It is all about the Tension between Agency and Communion.Interpersonal Circumplex. The interpersonal circumplex is defined by two orthogonal axes. In recent years, it has become conventional to identify the vertical and horizontal axes with the broad constructs of agency and communion.
Human interaction can be modelled with two orthogonal (90 degree angles)variables that were also called yin (communion) and yang Agency) or o en 1 or just yin and not yin. The four 90 degree angles support a 4 dimensional Universe of Discoursethat contains rotating rotations being Spirals.
Humans learn when an Expectation is violated. This happens when an External or Internal Event takes place.
The event is evaluated by the Emotions and (when there is enough time (and interest and energy) Reflected upon by the Imagination and Abstracted (moved Up) into a Model (frame, scape)that is again Instructed and or Tested.
The Learning cycle moves with and against the Clock and also moves through the diagonal between Belief and and the Prove of Belief and Dependence and in-dependence.This picture describes the model of Nico Frijda about the Emotions: the readiness (or unreadiness) to enter into contact or interaction with some object, and the mode of that contact or interaction. [ … ] Different motivational states or states of action readiness exist … Emotions are tendencies to establish, maintain, or disrupt a relationship with the environment.Reflect: Finding a pattern in the many actions the senses detect.
2. Our Cognitive Architecture is shared with the Organisms
This part is about the architecture we share with all of the Organisms.
It is mainly based on earlier work of Rodney Cotterill and Will McWhinney, both diseased.
Peter Carruthers: Innate Human Cognition. What is the Architecture of the Mind?Modular architecture of Peter Carruthers
The Self-Assembling Brain
“our genome contains the information required to create our brain. That information, however, is not a blueprint that describes the brain, but an algorithm that develops it with time and energy. In the biological brain, growth, organization, and learning happen in tandem. At each new stage of development, our brain gains new learning capabilities (common sense, logic, language, problem-solving, planning, math). And as we grow older, our capacity to learn changes”
Every Organism is a step in a very long term process we call evolution in which the outside-world is internalized and externalized in a new outside-world. The genome reproduces a body that is able to reproduce a body but also a system that is able to reproduce and adapt itself.
The picture shows the most simple structure of an organism being a Motor and a Receptor connected with a Short termMemory.
The bacterium is Exploring its environment by changing the rotation of its flagellum with and against the clock.
The short term memory is an autocatalytic, chemical reaction that determinates not only the Rythm of the rotation but also the Direction of the rotation of the rotor.
Rodney Cotterill’s neuro-physiological work supports the motor-environment-mind schema of complex feedback loops.The complex of feedback loops enables one to “Know what one knows.”:
“The ability to know that one knows is referred to by psychologists as first-order embedding.
Higher embedding, such as that exemplified by knowing that one knows that one knows, merely depends on the ability to hold things in separate patches of neuronal activity in working memory.
This manifests itself in the creature’s intelligence, which also dictates its ability to consolidate existing schemata into new schema.” is a unique feature of mammalian brains.
Intelligence and reflection are explained as due to functioning of the web of feedback loops, both internal and external, that evolved in higher animals“.
The word Relevant comes from Latin relevare “to lessen, lighten, levis: light.
Relevance theory is a framework for understanding the interpretation of utterances.
It aims to explain the well recognised fact that communicators usually convey much more information with their utterances and their Body than what is contained in their literal sense.
Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky used “cognitive biases,” to show that humans make irrational choices.
One of these biasses is called the conformation bias. Humans love to hear a confirmation of what they believe.
Lately a new “science” called Evolutionary Psychology” is trying to find out what “functions” helped the human to survive.
Historically, evolutionary pressure has resulted in cognitive systems that recognise potentially relevant stimuli and try to draw relevant conclusions.
Dan sperber and Hugo mercier argued that this type of bias, being a part of communication, is supporting collaboration.
To Attract the Attention the “uttering” has to be Relevant, making things easy, simple, light.
They also looked at the amount of Energy it takes to communicate.
Relevance theory started with the research of Robert Grice. The Gricean maxims—Quantity (Just Enough), Quality (True), Relation (Relevant)), and Manner (the Right Way) describe the principles observed by people in pursuit of effective communication.
Argumentation Theory tries to show the evolutionary benifit of many cognitive biasses.
The Perceptual Symbol Systems are so rich in the type of connections that they generate free Associations that keep a group in the right direction making it possible to Nudge a group by giving them only one choice into the desired direction. This is comparable with a vector-field.
Conclusions Precede Arguments:
Argumentation theory and Rhetorics. We use arguments to convince others but also to convince ourselves.
We are able to use many different cognitive tools (modules) at the same time without knowing we do that.
We use generalizations and are not aware of the differences between the generalisations.
We love Dopamine and therefore love to act in situations were dopomine is produced (“gambling).
There are two systems active the Controlled (Dopamine) and the Control system (Observer).
Conclusions come first, arguments later.
We always pick the last we hear and find the arguments to justify our decision.
Falsification avoids bias.
We are social animals and our brain has to support cooperation.
We could benefit from deceiving but we have to keep our Status.
Coding vs Decoding. Humans are Curious. We are tool makers improving our tools. the older the more knowledge and problems to retrieve out of memory. Attention is given to something that fits what we want know and is relevant. Time and Energy are always Limited.
Our Communication is mainly Implicit
Maximilisation of relevance.Balance between Energy and Cognitive-Contextual effects. Assesment is looking for relevance.
The difference between the foreground and the background of comunication or the difference between Explicit and Implicit,figurative language such as hyperbole, metaphor and irony.
4. The Frame Problem:
The frame problem is about What a “system” is able to see in a Situation and what changes what (“an Event“) and what is Changed and is Not Changed.
The frame problem was created when IT-technology moved into the area of Artificial Intelligence.
At that time every “problem” was solved by designing a new Language like LISP and PROLOG.
Logic (“rules“) put into a program was leading the way and logic was guided by Set-theory.
Although Chomsky’s Language theory was already there nobody realized that human Language is very diferent from a Progamming Language that is Context-indepentedent.
The Artifical Intelligence of the Computer does not understand what was out there and tried to catagorize the outside by also define the not-categories not realizing that they were not bounded (infinite).
Until now the AI-computer looks like a savant a highly specialized human that is in an expert in one area but incapable in the Infinite area’s outside its speciality.
It is not able to define what is relevant and does not see the difference between implicit and the explicit conversations. It is also not able to interpret the many illogical signs we send with our Body, Facial Expressions and Manner until Geroge Lakoff and his group of scientitst detected that we the human communication is embodied.
This chapter contains many AI-architectures even a model based on General Semantics at the end.
As you will see all the models are different from the model that is explaining heuristics in the Introduction.
The main reason is that the models are based on the theories of bounded rationality that existed before the time of Herbert Simon and Daniel Kahneman, both winners of the Nobel Prize in Economics , described in my blog about Heuristics.
According to Marcus Hutter Intelligence is Compression just as you can find in my blog about Heuristics. If you want to know more move directly to the Conclusion.
5.1 General Semantics
Alfred Korzibski was forced to fight in the first world war. He did not understand why humans act like cruel animals. After moving to the Us and marying he started to research human Communication and developed the theory of General Semantics.
“General semantics is concerned with how events translate to perceptions, how they are further modified by the names and labels we apply to them, and how we might gain a measure of control over our own responses, cognitive, emotional, and behavioral.
General semantics had a lot of influence on cognitive-therapy including NLP.
The model of Korzybski looks a lot like the model of Interpersonal theory hat describes Mental Illness.
When you press the link above you will find an impressive website about everything you want to know about AI-architectures. Below you find a few examples I have taken out of this website.
AIXI is a AI-theory developed by Marcus Hutter. IXI is a reinforcement learning agent. It maximizes the expected total rewards received from the environment. Intuitively, it simultaneously considers every computable hypothesis (or environment). In each time step, it looks at every possible program and evaluates how many rewards that program generates depending on the next action taken.
5.6 CALO The Perfect PAL:
the DArpa CALO-project ( Cognitive Assistant that Learns and Organizes ).
5.7 ACT-R A new AI Program Language:
ACT-R is a cognitive architecture: a theory for simulating and understanding human cognition. Researchers working on ACT-R strive to understand how people organize.
In the Evolution of the the Organisms two things happened:
(1) the processes of life became auto-catalyticmeaning that a chemical process became a repeating cycle (auto) that was sustained and became independent of other processes.
(2) the cycles got connected and created bigger cycles without breaking the katalytic mode until one of the cyclic cycles was able to look like an independent entity.
A cycle that reproduces itself is called an Autopoiesis, a Self-reproduction.
Below you can watch 4 video’s that give examples of autopoietic auto-catalytic systems and the big change in thinking they accomplished.
One of the major Scientists was Robert Rosen: See chapter 6.2.
He tried to explain Anticipatory Systems and found out that it is impossible to explain them with our current modelling language that supposes that Nature is a Machine made by a (Divine) Architect (Pthah) that got the Specifications from Ma,at (responsible for Balance, Harmony) and gave them to Khnum, the divine potter, to Make the animals (including the Humans) out of Clay.
Autopoietic Systems are Self-Reproducing.
Auto catalytic systems explain the Origin of life
We Exist because there is Change
A brilliant lecture of Mihai Nadin, the last living collaborator of Robert Rosen.
How do we account for change while being part of it? How do we account for anticipation as an expression of preparing and adapting to change?
There are Reactive and Anticipatory systems. The last category has to predict the Future.
To predict the future a system has to Contain the Future. we call an Expectation .
A good example of an anticipatory system is a Pregnant woman.
Humans learn from an Expectation Failure sometimes called a Mistake.
Collaborative Learning
Collaboration and learning are active in their own space (the physical context and the social context) and join in mental space (the internal state of a person).
The Evolution of Life
The origin of life lies deep in the Universe were stars like our Sun are created.
Life was ecreated in the labatory by simulating the situation of an early Earth. After that early life was also detected in Meteorites.
Later a lot of Suns where detected that look like our Sun so Life could be Abundant in the Universe.
The Pattern of Creation is repeating at every level of Scale.
Chemistry
Life is the result of Combining the combinations until infinity of SimpleMolecules made out of Four basic molecules.
Again the many combinations of a Fourfold, Hydrogen, Oxygen,Nitrogen and Carbon (+1,-2,-3,+4) determinate the Origins of life.
The interesting point is that the Sum of theValences of the Elements of the fourfold cycle = Zero.
Because the four elements are Rotating structures the Chemistry of the Beginning of Life on Earth fits perfectly with the theory of Peter Rowlands about the Nilpotent Universe (See below).
The chemical elements are ordered by the Periodic Table of of Dmitri Mendeleev . The document below describes how the elements facitated the birth of Life.
Robert Rosen made a distinction between Simple and Complex Systems.
In Complex Systems the Whole is more than the Sum of its Parts meaning that there are many Relations between the Parts that are not only Causal but have another Meaning.
In Simple systems the nodes are Nouns and the links are Verbs creating a Narrative that explains its Behavior.
They can be explained by the Four Causes of Aristototle that always begin with asking How (Processs, Verb) an Agent (in general a Human Craftsman (Agent, I, he, ) has assembled Material parts (Noun) ending with the Why being its Purpose.
Living System have no purpose because they are not made by an mechanical process controlled by a craftsman although many people believe this happened when the autocatalytic proces took place.
Systems that can anticipate, contain internal predictive models of themselves and/or their environments,
They are part of the class of Third OrderCybernetic Models.
Robert Rosen, Natural systems are explained by mapping them on a Machine-Model mapping (Encoding, Decoding) them on a Formal Model where the Causal relation turns into an Inference.
Pattern formation in Nature.Te model contains two processes called aan Activator and and an Inhibitor.
A citation of chapter 1 shows that the same pattern of Acitivation and Inhibition is happening in the body : ” The peripheral reflexes can act independently of the brain, but they can also be coordinated and sequenced by it. The main point to be grasped here is that the brain’s primary purpose lies in the need for inhibiting peripheral reflexes, when particularly sophisticated sequences of muscular movements have to be executed“.
The Evolution of the Organism can be seen as an expanding structure in time that is controlled by a LinearBodyplan that starts with the “Head” and ends with the “Tail” in which the genes act as Switches that start a deeper level of expansion.
Brain of a Fruitfly is divided in functional area’s.
6.4 The Human Brain is an Adaptive Dymamic Network:
Mapping looks a lot like Category Theory and Schema-theory.
The idea is to map a problem-space to a domain where the problem is already solved, solve the problem and map the Solution back.
To do that the function has to be Isomorphic meaning that structure is preserved in two ways.
Below an Example.
The first picture is the result of making use of a mapping from the Rational Model of Alan Fiske using the function of Paths of Change (see the colors) to the Scales in Measurement Theory.
A MApping from Alan Fiske’s theory of Human Relations to Geometry and Panarchy (Ecology) and Anti-fragility.connected by Paths of Change.
The Relational models of Alan Fiske (see below) mapped to the scales of Measurement. It looks like we “measure” our relationship with four possibel scales.The model of Alan Fiske mapped to Path of Change (PoC)The Four Scales (with the color of PoC)explained.
6.5 Category Theory: Systems are Functions, Metaphors are Functions:
How to combine category theory and network theory.
He is exploring the Many Meta-Levels above Reality like Will McWhinney was exploring the 2×2-level (the Quaternio).
I have also played with the Higher than Quaternio levels and tried to keep the Four “types” based on the Duality (Agency, Communion) in tact.
A Generator of a cycling cycle related to the Chinese Sheng Cycle being a (Magic) Square with the Xenter or the Whole (White) in the middle (cross) connected to the other 4 points.
As you can see the Pentragram is a Fractal model. The Points of View point into many Orthogonal “Independent“) Directions where Up (Yellow) is Abstracting and Green is Implementing and Red and Blue are SpaceTime.
The types relate with the four Jungian “Organs” of the human being Mind (blue, Thinking), Sensory-Motor (Red, Action-Sensing), Social (Green, Emotions, Feeling), Imagination (Yellow, Intuitive).
When we look at the Bacterium the Sensor and the Motor (Flagellum) are put into a Container (Cell, Boundary) and are related with a Chemical Auto–CatalyticProcess that is a Memory that operates in a Context that contains “active” chemicals (with an E/M-valence) and other Organisms (F.i. viruses).
The difference with the Four types of Carl Jung is the whole (1, Boundary) put into the Pentagram, the Five (3+2).
This problem was alreaday “solved” in Chinese Philosophy where the five was the symbol of the whole also called the Quintessence. the essential part of Matter we call Energy and also called Aether.
The Sheng Cycle is the result of connecting a 3×3 Magic Square called the Lo Shu.
Chinese (fractal) Sheng Cycle constructed with the PoC-model where White is the Whole (Boundary, Protect).
Kent became incomprehensible when he left the first the Meta-level trying to find alternatives for the Duality “abstraction or implementation”.
Below a website that explores all the 2**N-levels .
I found a a thesis called Peirce, Vygotsky and Concept Formation by Chris Barnham. I is also about the Semiotics and Pragmatism of Peirce. Watch out. This is complicated stuff just as the theory of Kent Palmer.
This blog started with additional research on Heuristics that resulted in research about the History of the human Cognitive architecture that brought me back to Rodney Cotteril a friend of my mentor Will McWhinney who rediscovered the Paths of Change of Carl Jung he called a Quaternio based on the Quaternions invented by William Rowan Hamilton in 1841 and used by Maxwell to define his theory of Electro Magnetism.
Later I found the Quaternions of Peter Rowlands that unites Physics and is based on “recent” mathematics he called Biomathematics for the reason that it also explains Biology and the Human.
Charge
The Quaternio of Peter Rowlands is based on Octonions being an abstraction of the Quaternions that are an abstraction of the Complex numbers rhat are Rotations of Real Numbers.
Peter proved that our Universe is a Turing Machine based on a special language that is constantly Rewritten by a nilpotent condition meaning its Sum is Zero.
The last weeks I have explored Type Theory as a foundation of Computer languages and Cohomogy theory, a foundation of the fusion of Topology and Algebra.
Again everything got together even in my dreams where I discovered CoQ without knowing it existed.
In this blog you will learn that we are very close to a big Physical, Technical but also PhiloSophical, Social and Medical Transformation caused by a major Breakthrough in physics because of the Fusion of Quantum Mechanics, Gravitation, Electromagnetism, the Weak Interaction, and the Strong Interaction
The fusion is explained by the Octonions that are extensions of the Complex numbers. The octonions represent Rotations of Rotations of Rotations (=Spirals) in 8D Space.
Spiraling spirals have always been seen as the sources of our universe. See Chapter 0 Introduction.
An interview with Konstantin Meyl who has tried to repeat the experiments of Nikola Tesla and found out that the Scalar (Longitudinal) wave of Tesla is the Perpendicular Complement of the Electro–Magnetic wave. He also discovered that the Universe is Nilpotent (Sum is Zero, nil).
In chapter 0 called the Nilpotent Universe you will learn that our Universe is a (Turing)-Machine that is able to adapt its own programming Language by evaluating the Nilpotent constraint meaning that theSum of all Changes has to be Nil (“zero”, “empty”).
The interesting point is that the (re?)discovered “Language of God” has a lot in common with the ancient constructed languages including Sanskrit (,meaning the practice (Krit) of producing Sounds (Sans).
-1 Whats wrong with Current Physics, What is abandoned and Why?:
In this part you will find out what the current state of Physics is about and what old theories were dropped. The main reason is that the solutions that made use of higher dimensions could not be fused with Einsteins theory of Relativity and with Quantum Mechanics that both were able to predict and explain many facts until Dark Matter and Dark Energy appeared.
De Broglie was the first one that came up with an explanation of the Model of Niels Bohr of the atom by introducing a Standing wave guided by a Pilot-wave. This pilot wave proved to be the same wave that was interacting with itself.
Later you will see Self interaction Explains Everything. The universe observes itself. If self-interaction explains everything does that mean that there is just one Pilot-wave that explains everything and the observer is not able to see the whole?
One of many Higher Dimensional theories was Kazula Klein theory. It has a lot in common with String theory.
the discrete quantum, continuous relativity, basic physical geometry, theoretical mathematics and classical physics all share one common characteristic that has never been fully explored or explained – a paradoxical duality between a dimensionless point (discrete) and an extended length (continuity) in any dimension – and if the problem of unification is approached from an understanding of how this paradox relates to each paradigm, all of physics and indeed all of science could be unified under a single new theoretical paradigm.
In this chapter you will learn that the Universe is a (Turing-)Machine programmed by a special language.
The machine is controlled by a Constraint that ensures a Zero Sum.
This special language differs from a traditional computational semantic language description with a fixed or finitealphabet, in that the production-rules allow new symbols to be added to the initial alphabet.
This means that the language of Creation is able to Change its own definition.
The production starts with just one symbol representing ‘nothing’ and contains two fundamental rules:
(1): Create, a process which Adds new Symbols, and (2): Conserve, a process that examines the Effect of any new symbol on those that currently exist, to ensure ‘a “zero sum’ again.
This video is about new insights in the role of the Spiraling Spiral of DNA that come out of new developments in Quantum–BioPhysics.
The Big Transformation (Chapter 1) is the move from the Age of Pisces to the Age of Aquarius (The Water Baerer) being the change of DualisticScience to Non-Dualistic Science (Advaita) finding a shared Unity (1-ness), between what we See and what we Are.
We have to stop streamlining and let the water flow.
Sri Aurobindo was born in India died in 1950. He was educated by his parents in the UK and became a revolutionary in India. Suddenly he was called to explore the higher levels of mind and developed a new way of yoga in which you can enhance the capabilities of the mind. Aurobindo is the philosopher of our time.
The Shared Unity of Reality and the Self could be the Zero (0), of the nothingness of the Nilpotency (chapter 0) of the Heart of the Universe where 0=0 or the 1 of the Unity of the Point of the Singularity of the Bindu (the Zero-Point Field)or the 2 of the Line of the Observer of Projective Geometry,(Chapter 2)
and the 0+1+2=3 Dimensions of Space and the Trinityof the Triangle of the 2+3=5 of the Pentagram of the ChineseSheng Cycle.
The Sheng Cycle projected on Paths of Change. The cycle contains a Duality combined with a Trinity being the feed back cycle of the duality (2+3=5)
In this Blog I Combine (Part 3), Change/ Transformation (Part 1 ) and Geometry (Part 2).
In Chapter 0 You will see that Physics can be explained by the Octonions being a Combination of the Combination (Quaternions) of the combination (Complex Numbers) of the Real Numbers being Rotations of Rotations of Rotations (= Spirals)of Space.
The dream of the World Clock of Wolfgang Pauli looks like the rotating rotators of the model of the Octionions but also like the Vision of Ezekiel in the Bible. The model is also an Astrological model of the four Tetramorphs,
This is a presentation of Peter Marcer About the Universe as a Cybernetic System.
Erwin Laszlo: Mystics and sages have long maintained that there exists an interconnecting cosmic field at the roots of reality that conserves and conveys information, a field known as the Akashic record.
This field also called the Zero-Point Fieldconsists of a subtle sea of fluctuating energies from which all things arise: atoms and galaxies, stars and planets, living beings, and even consciousness. It holds the record of all that ever happened in life, on Earth, and in the cosmos and relates it to all that is yet to happen. Nataraja , the Lord of the Dance dances the Universe. His four gestures (mudras) are explained by Paths of Change which is also the model behind the Octonions.
Will McWhinney The Four Worldviews of Paths of ChangeRudolf Laban Space Harmony -The letters of the Alphabet are represented by (geometric) pPatterns movements and sounds. They are the Foundation of the old Cultures on earth. The old cultures give us insight in the ways the State and the cities were Organized. In their organization the Ancient patterns play an important role.
Kim Veltman the manager of the McLuhan-institute in Maastricht (died-1-4-2020) explains using the history of the Alphabets how the old civilizations (<920.00 BC) communicated by trade using the old traderoads, boats and land-bridges sharing their cultures and seers and why christianity is an offspring of Zen (Gospel of Thomas).
The Big Bang is an interpolation of the Expanding Universe to a theoretical Beginning. In Part 2 you will learn that there is a lot of doubt about this concept.
The main reason is that the foundational measurements of the “speed of Light” prove to be wrong destroying the theory of Albert Einstein.
The big problem is that a Big Bang needs a lot of Energy but also generates the same question again and again until we believe in an always returning, Cyclic Universe.
If you are willing and able to read this chapter you will see that the solution to our biggest and most expensive scientific problem is very simple and applicable to all the other exact sciences including Biology:
Our Universe is a self-replicating Turing Machine and
This 0th chapter contains links and texts that prove that our Universe is Nilpotent meaning that all the Values of the PartsSum to Zero.
This makes it possible to bring a lot of the most complex formula’s back to simple formula that show very simple connections that can be explained by Symmetry Breaking.
Our Universe can be explained by simple building blocks that unite and disconnect in a very simple way that can be described by a simple machine just as the old Magus Leibniz imagined. He called this the principle of sufficient reason:
““Dieu a choisi celuy qui est… le plus simple en hypotheses et le plus riche en phenomenes” (God has chosen that which is the most simple in hypotheses and the most rich in phenomena)”.
The most useful Production rules” of the grammar of the Universe are the so called Octonions a generalization of the complex numbers in 8 (2**3) dimensions where i, j en k are √-1. are the foundation of the Quaternions. The most important point here is that he Complex numbers, the Quaternions and the Octionions represent Rotations in N-dimensional Space.
Our Universe rotates and its rotations rotate also generating changes that are unchanged. We always move back to the beginning that is Empty (“zero”). History Repeats Itself and patterns repeat themselves in so many different the same ways that most people don’t see that we are repeating the repetitions on every level of scale until the smallest Planck level and the biggest universe. The patterns are Scale-Free.
David Krakauer is President of the Santa Fe-institute specialized in Complexity Theory (CT). This video is about the foundations of CT. THis video is interesting but not needed to understand this chapter.
A geometric model of the Universe of the mathematician Peter Rowlands that will be explained (taken out of the 2 dimensions (plane) we usually use to understand (move Up in 3D)) in chapter 2. Peter uses the Octonions as a Number System that needs 8 dimensions (2**3). Peter proves that everything we know about the universe can be explained by the number 2 and 3 and their sum 5.
This is the Chinese Sheng Cycle (SC) which is result of the Lo Shu Magic Quadrant projected on Paths of Xhange.
Observe that the Model of Peter Rowlands looks a lot like the model I use (PoC) with the big difference that PoC is a Dynamic Model. In the Sheng Cycle you see the combination of Duality (<->) and Trinity by making a connection to the other Dualities. The Paths of Cange moves With (Producing) and against the Clock (Consuming).
Lo Shu Magic Square. The Sheng Cycle is a result of connecting the Numbers of the Lo Shu Magic Quadrant.
A model of PoC (Paths of Change) in which the Fourfold model is represented as a combination of Contraction (C) and Expansion (E). The colors refer to the description of the Points of View. The connection C & E is often represented by a Breath.
Paul La Violette: Rather than imagining the universe as originating explosively out of nothingness, it instead conceives that the matter making up our universe has been materializing spontaneously throughout all of space and within all celestial bodies, coming into being through a process of continuous creation or parthenogenesis (virgin birth)The model of Path of Change (PoC). Every Cycle (1<-1) to 1->2->3->4 is a PoC. The 4 Points of View have their own color. Observe that the Sheng Cycle contains the Duality (2) and the Trinity (3) with a Sum 5 being 3×5, the Sum of the Lo Shu.
Paths of Change (PoC) is based on a Dual model that contains two variables (1): Agency(Compression) & (2): Communion (Expansion) which are the same as Yin & Yang. 2×2= 4 = 2**2. 4 points have 12 + 1 (center) = 13 connections. Because of the 12 connections PoC contains many Triangels.
PoC contains 4 Points of View (PoV) called Unity (Blue, Rules, Thinking), Sensory (Sensory Meter System, Real Red), Social (Emotions, Green) and Mythic( Creation, View, Imagination), Yellow).
Time and Charge are Imaginary unless we use a Clock like the Earth rotating the Sun or the Polestar rotating with the Precession cycle.
Space is Real when we move on Earth using a Reference System that also could be the Stars and the Planets we can see with our personal Sensors. Mass is Real because we experience Mass as an Attraction of a bigger Mass (Earth) and sense the influence of the Moon in the rise of the Sea. Mass & Charge are Attractors and Not Attractors and are therefore related to the Emotions.
Mass & Charge are “Conserved” Physical quantities that remain constant with time are called conserved quantities. Example, for a body under external force, the kinetic and potential energy change over time but the total mechanical energy (kinetic + potential) remains constant. The appearance of a given amount of positive charge in one part of a system is always accompanied by the appearance of an equal amount of negative charge somewhere else in the system;
Mass & Charge contain a “negative” and a “positive” value we could define as “zero”. According to Peter the Universe is Nilpotent meaning that its sum is always zero. This implies that the (Sum of the) Beginning of the Universe was Zero too (Empty).
The mathematician Emily Noeter proved that every conservation can be translated in a special type of Symmetry (see Chapter 2).
Peter Rowlands The Universe is a universal Turing Machine that uses a rewrite system based on Chomsky’s theory of grammars. I believe the grammar is based on the the number 3, the Trinity.
A Big Transformation is Predicted by The Precession Cycle
There are many Cycles with different Periodicities. The longest Cycle known by the ancient Astrologers is the Precession Cycle with a cycle-time of 25800 years. The cycle runs retrograde, in de opposite direction as the Seasonal cycle and covers the twelf Constellations of the Zodiac. An age takes 25800/12= 2150 years.
A much shorter cycle is the Kondratiev with a periodicity of about 50 years. Currently we are moving from the Kondratiev Winter to the Kondratiev Spring a period in which many disruptions take place. After the Spring we will move into the Golden Age (Summer).
The Sri Yantra contains 43 triangels and contains the 1 (Center, Point, Bindu, Void), the 4 Gates being the Four Gardians of the Zodiac comparable to the four Worldview of Path of Change., the Wheel with 4×4=16 petals that moves the Gates. precession Cycle
According to astrologic we are leaving the Age of Pisces (started around 0BC. In Luke 22:10, when jesus (the Fisherman) is asked by his 12 apostles where he will go to settle his new kingdom, he responds, “Behold, when ye are entered into the city, there shall a man meet you bearing a pitcher of water, follow him into the house where he entereth in.” This is the “House of Aquarius”.
A video from this website: https://www.starmythworld.com/video that contains a lot of video’s and links that show that the procession of the Equinox and the many helical risings show a story that was taken over in many myths all over the world. It also shows that our time the Time of the Waterbaerer is the time of John the Baptist OANNIS who initiated the fish in the river Jordan which is a metaphor for the Milkey Way.
The Age of Aquarius is the Age of Flow Systems hat transport Data and make Meaning by Programming the (Semantic Model of the) Data until the programs Fuse into a Global Brain.Around 2040 we will face a Big Transformation in which a New Global Religion will appear or an Ancient Religion will reappear.
The Return of the Goddess was predicted a long time ago using the Cyclic Patterns of the Precession of the Equinox that could be observed looking at he movement of the North Star by the ancient Magi in Persia. Our current pole star is Polaris dedicated to Maria (Stella Maris). The Sign of the current state of the Precession of the Zodiac is Aquarius the Carrier (of the Cup of Water (Emotions). The water of Aquarius feeds the Fish that swim in the Sea of our Milky Way.
In this blog you will find that the roots of our civilization contain the roots of the major change science is making. The main reason is the rise of complexity-science in which Self-Organization (“Flow Systems“) plays an important role.
25,800-Year Cycle of Earth called the Precession Cycle. Here you see a picture of the Pole Stars that dominated the sky a long time ago.
Entheogen documents the emergence of techno-shamanism in the post-modern world that frames the following questions: How can a renewal of ancient initiatory rites of passage alleviate our ecological crisis? What do trance dancing and festivals celebrating unbridled artistic expression speak to in our collective psyche? How do we re-invent ourselves in a disenchanted world from which God has long ago withdrawn?
Entheogen invites the viewer to consider that the answers to these questions lie within the consciousness of each and every human being, and are accessible if only we give ourselves permission to Awaken to the Divine within.
Mark Solms Consciousness is Prediction in Action. The brain is a Self Organizing System with the following properties: (1): It is ergodic, meaning it has limited number of states. (2): It has a Markov blanket, a boundary between itself and its environment. (3): It has active inference, It makes predictions about its own states and its environment from that environment’s effects on their Markov blanket. (4) It is preservative, which means minimizing its internal entropy, maintaining homeostasis.
Perception involves the more central regions making predictions, which propagate toward the peripheral (sensory) regions. The peripheral regions compare the prediction with incoming sensory information and send back prediction error signals. This happens across numerous layers.
We see what we expect to see, with the incoming information forcing corrections.
Solms notes that a self evidencing system receiving information that violates its expectations can react in one of three ways.
It can act to change conditions to bring the signals more in line with its expectations.
It can change which representation(s) it’s currently using to make better predictions. This is perception.
It can adjust the precision of the predictions to more optimally match the incoming signal.
Solms identifies the last as Consciousness.
Interview with avid Krakauer, President of the Santa Fe Institute that researches Self Organization.
The theory of the universal quantum computer has brought us rapid technological developments, together with remarkable improvements in how we understand quantum theory.
There are, however, reasons to believe that quantum theory may ultimately have to be modified into a new theory: for instance, it will have to be merged with general relativity, to incorporate gravity; and some claim that it may be impossible to have quantum effects beyond a certain macroscopic scale.
So what lies ahead of quantum theory, and of the universal quantum computer? To shed some light into these questions, we need a shift of logic in the way things are explained. Specifically, one can adopt the approach where the basic assumptions are general principles about possible/ impossible transformations, rather than dynamical laws and initial conditions. To find out what is impossible we will find the possible.This approach is called constructor theory.
This ‘Physics of Can and Can’t’ may be the first step towards the ultimate generalisation of the universal quantum computer, which vonNeumann called the ‘Universal Constructor’ or the Creator of Everything including itself.
The ancient knowledge of the Feminine Goddess (Tantra) revived in the Renaissance at many Places: (France (Kathars) Praque (Alchemists, Spain, Kabbalists , Engeland (John Dee), Italy (Bruno) into the group of the Rosicrucians. The “war” between the Heart and the Ratio was coordinated out of Venice the center of Financial Power at that time. It was won by the victory of the Ratio in the Enlightenment. The Power of the Imagination and the Emotions is still there and is returning.
What is Maya? Maya is ignorance but also expectation, taking things for granted.
Debashish Bannerji: The history of Yoga goes back to the time of the Devine Goddess and the hunter gatherers in the Indus Vally >5000 BC. There are many pictures of practices and rituals that were performed to bring the Internal and external Animal (Tantra) under Control.
The Fourfold Cycle of PoC related to the Body connected by the Heart to the Fourfold Cycle of the Mind generating (3(+1)+3)=7 Chakra’s. The imagination controls the Will that generates Action in the Outside Reality (\magic).
Heidegger: Humans are toolmakersprojecting our expectations into the Future. The aim of Science is to control Nature by developing devices (instruments, screen,..) that hide nature.
2 Geometry
“Imagination is more important than knowledge For knowledge is limited to all we now know and understand, while imagination embraces the entire world, and all there ever will be to know and understand” (Albert Einstein)
In a Conformal Geometry you look at the world with the (cognitive) Instrument of a fisheye-lens.
Escher’s drawing of a conformal (hyperbolic) space
In a conformal geometry Big and Small are comparable. This means that our Universe is Fractal or as was stated by the ancient Magi as As Above so Below: Our mind is a simulation of the universe.
“The feedback-loops in the cell-like structures of self-propelling space can be seen as a giant mind (a neural network) that is split in many (in)dependent minds. One of these minds is the mind of the Human but cells, the body, the brain, earth, our galaxy and the universe are also mindful” (Reginald Cahill)
Physics is based on a wrong interpretation of the experiments of Morrison and Morley that wanted to measure the Speed of Light. Space is not static but looks like a fluid.
The ancient interpretation of space, the Ether, is back.
Space .is just as gravity fractal and contains just as quantum-theory a Stochastic factor in which space “chooses” a direction to grow. Space has a lot in common with organisms . Watch/listen to the presentation above, read this blog or read the document below.
Below a picture of relational (social) fractal space.
Observe that this geometry is comparable with Projective geometry which is comparable with an Observer looking at the horizon which is the frame of the de Anti de Sitter Space. AlReginald Cahill explains why the ether is a dynamic environment that influences not only the sun and its flares but also Earth and its Climate. Interested In this case? Have a look at this blog.
About the relationship between the Process physics of Reginald Cahill, the Semiotics of Sanders Peirce and the Anticipating Systems of of Robert Rosen. More will be explained in the Last part of this blog.
According to Conformal Field Theory (CFT) we live on the almost Flat Boundary (“a Frame“) of a “sliced” (“layered”) (hyperbolic) Anti-de-Sitter Space.Observe the “fisheye-structure”on top and below of the 3D-“tube”.
Above you see 3 types of space in which space is curved at a special way in which the sum of the angles is equal smaller or bigger than 180 degrees. Observe that the all the types have their own way to define a RIGHT angle which is a way to define a new dimension.
Christi Belcourt (Métis) – The Wisdom of the Universe, 2014
Julian Barbour (Physicist, writer of the book “The end of Time“): The only thing that Exists in our Universe are Changing Shapes. “There is no invisible river of time. But there are Shapes that you could call Instants of Time, or ‘Nows‘. As we live, we seem to move through a succession of Nows, and the question is, what are they? They are arrangements of everything in the universe Relative to each other in any moment, for example, now“.
Imants Barušs : The Universe comes in- and out of focus, it is Recreated, at every Planck-Time just as Julian Harbour tries to explain.Between those moments of not-being our consciousness fills in the gaps.
Currently we measure Time with an artificial constructed (atom-)Clock. Before the invention of the clock time was related to the cyclical processes in the year that were related to the movement of the (Male)Sun and the (Female)Moon.
The big patterns were related to the movement of the Stars that are related to the Precession Cycle. At that time the Map of the Sky and the Map of the Earth were aligned.This means that the maps of the Earth are projections of star maps but also that the locations on earth where looking like the patterns in the sky. A good example is the Seven Cities of Paul in the Apocalypse that were aligned to thePleiades.
The Geometry of Shapes (“Similarity Geometry“) is the most important geometry because it contains the Potential of creation. This Geometry corresponds with Mythic in paths of Change (the Creative Personality) and Equality Matching in the theory about Social Relationships of Alan Fiske. It can also be found as the Hero in the Myths of all Cultures researched by Joseph Campbell., the Fool (o) in the Tarot, Zero in the Numbersystem and Λ or ∅ in Set Theory.
he most used geometry is Euclidian Geometry. We measure everything. Even our relationships are measured in terms of values like money and possession. We have forgotten to value social contributions.
The number of steps in the Hero‘s Journey corresponds with the cards of the Major Arcana of the Tarot (-> To R AT, RO T AR,..).
About Value Analysis.
In the Beginning
The blog begins after a few Video’s about the current insight about the Geometry of the Universe. It looks like our Universe is without a beginning and an end but also without Time and Space. It is filled with Infinite Possibilities.
The Tao is like a well: used but never used up. It is like the eternal void: filled with infinite possibilities.
It is hidden but always present. I don’t know who gave birth to it. It is older than God.
In Hinduism, a Kalpa. , a Cycle of a Universe, is equal to 4.32 billion years, called a day of Brahma . In Hinduism, Brahmā (Sanskrit: meaning “swelling” or “expansion”) is God in his manifestation as Creator of the universe. Brahmā is part of the Trimurti (the Hindu Trinity) alongside Vishnu and Shiva. Brahma lives on top of Mount Meru (look at the triangle on the head of Brahma) also called Pascal’s Triangle (see Chapter 9).
Brahma
Symmetry
What is the relationship between symmetry and conservation laws. This has to do with the numbers you use for instance -1. When the rules contains a square 1**2 = (-1)**2 but also (i)**2=(-i)**2=-1.
Force
When we push all the shapes together they will become a Black wHole. What is able to create such a Force? What lies behind the Black Hole? The Nothing,Empty Space? Is Empty space Possible? Is the Sum of Things Zero or Infinite (8)?
How small do we have to go and what energy do we need to “see” gravity? Why is gravity very different from electro-magnetism and what have we learnt from the last few years? According to Einstein Gravity is a distortion (“curvature”) of Minkowski-Space-Time but the Universe seems to be outside time and is curved in a completely different opposite way called a Anti-DeSitter Space. In this space we live on the surface that looks like a square (not a volume). We are framed in a Black Hole that is slowly evaporating ceating a new Universe that starts with a Big Bang that is not an explosion but a slow motion expansion until the limit is reached. It looks like Ancient Indian Cosmology is right.
Phase changes are related to the closeness of the parts. What happens when parts are closely packed. What phase is this? a Bose Einstein Condensensate? Is the Universe going through phases repeating the same pattern again and again?
About the Conformal Booststrap : Geoffrey Chew, “Nature is as it is because this is the only possible nature consistent with itself,”
It is possible to unite all the different theories of the universe by playing with the the Dimensions and geometry of space which could be flat or curved in a positive or negative way.
The explanation for the data we have gathered about the beginning is that there wwas no time in the beginning which is the same explanation as the conformal bootstrap above. A universe without time is infinite but not in space. An universe without time that is not infinite in space can only be explained by an infinite converging sequenc. This is called an Anti-de Sitter-Space, a space with almost zero curvature which looks like flat space.
About the Cyclic Universe. In the beginning the Universe was so chaotic (“hot”) that their was no mass so gravity was not existent. In every stage (Kalpa) of the Universe a new Big Bang occurs that repeats the beginning.
What happens on the edge of the universe.
About Conformal Field Theory but now from the perspective of the Holographic Universe.
About the iconformal (CFT) bootstrap.CFT is a mathematical way to map many physical theories using a conformal transformation which a transformation that preserves angles (examples rotations, translations). If you are not interested in background information skip this one.
Again about Conformal Fields but now by a very good teacher Leonard Susskind.
List of Chapters
The Pragmatism of Charles Sander Peirce, an Introduction into Semiotics plus an advanced application of Semiotics to determinate the beginning of our Universe by moving to Zeroness
Thinking about Thinking: About the Implicate Order of David Bohm and Jiddu Krishnamurti
About Hyperspace: Predicting the Future by Observing the Observer, The Mathematics of Hyperspace, about the Soul, Moving out of the Body, Healing and the Big Bang that never was
The Geometry of Finite and Infinite Games, The role of the Trickster
Science: Filosophy The future of Artificial Intelligence
Mount Meru: About the Triangel of Pascal in Indian Music, Achitecture and Mathematics
This blog is a fusion of blogs about Projective- and Algebraic Geometry with a blogs about Panarchy, Resilience and Anti-Fragility , the Future of the State and Complexity Theory
Projective Geometry and the shared viewpoint Constructing by Connecting
Introduction to Change Management
Change Management and Affine Geometry
Euclidian Geometry and Change Management, about the Horizon, MindScapes and Meta-systems
Projective Geometry, about lines points and the shared view
Similarity Geometry and Being Different, Creativity and the Holy Ghost
Mappings between Geometries Moving back to Panarchy, what is a Geocology?
Chapters 1-12 are about Geometry, Mathematics and Physics.
In chapter 3 I will show you how a new concept of Space is able to produce a Theory of Everything that explains the Para-Normal.
From chapter 10 on I describe the relationship between geometry and change. I will show that our Embodied language already contains everything we have to know about geometry.
As an example, reflect on what we are projecting on What when we design(“ont-werp“) and what Scape we See when we are projecting.
The Perspectograph of Leonardo Da Vinci
This blog is still under Construction.
1 The Pragmatism of Charles Sanders Peirce
Writing chapter 12 has generated (as always) many issues I never thought about before. The major cause is Charles Sanders Peirce , (1839-1914) the “inventor” of Semiotics and the first Pragmatist in the Us. He believed that science is finished when the theories are working in Practice but also that the Laws and Constants of Nature are changing all the time.
In this blog you wil find out that current science has moved far away from he path of converging because it lost its foundation. This foundation lies behind the imagination in the nothing.
After my encounter with Peirce I stumbled upon The theory of J. W.Dunne who experimented with predicting the Future and discovered Hyperspace.
Looking for Hyperspace gave the link to ANPA, an organization of scientists who try to understand the Paranormal. After that I rediscovered (New) Thinking Allowed(NTA), a YouTube-channel of Jeffrey Mislowe, a wellknown para-psychologist.
I (re)discovered NTA because I have always been interested in the paranormal because I was ” paranormal” since I was a child. Ghosts visited me when I was young and when I was older I became “enlightened” (“a terrifying experience”).
Looking for an interesting issue on NTA I rediscovered Alien Abductions and the Grays (our descendants out of the Future), an issue I also encountered when I met the medium Judith Moore. by accident. She helped me to understand what was happening to me after my Jump of my Kundalini that caused many strange effects. Through Judith I discovered that I was of the lineage of the Persian Magi.
As you can see this Blog grows by accident because I Explore (a connection between the Imagination and Action) every Possible paths just as Nature is doing.
Introduction in Semiotics
“If we are to proceed in a logical and scientific manner; we must; in order to account for the whole universe; suppose an initial condition in which the wholeuniverse was non existent; and therefore a state of absolute nothing:…We start; then; with nothing; pure zero: But this is not the nothing of negation: For not means other than; and other is merely a synonym of the ordinal numeral second: As such it implies a first; while the present pure zero is prior to even first: The nothing of negation is the nothing of death; which comes second to; or after; everything: But this pure zero is the nothing of not having been born: There isno individual thing; no compulsion outward nor inward; no law: It is the germinal nothing; in which the whole universe is involved or foreshadowed: As such; it is absolutely undefined and unlimited possibility boundless possibility There is no compulsion and no law: It is boundless freedom:(Collected papers of S. Peirce, 1931)
This is a Very compact explanation of Semiotics. Peirce uses a model with 3 components that he calls first-ness (1), second ness (2) and thirdness(3).
1stness is the Senses, 2ndness are the Emotions (Social in PoC, the Other). They are a power, force, a resistance but also a Relation (Duality). 3rdness is the Mind (Unity in PoC), patterns, habits. Interesting is that Peirce forgets the Imagination which could be the influence of the Enlightenment.
When you look at he 2 pictures below who are taken out of the second link about Semiotics you can see that the Representamen is an intermediary beween the Duality of the Object (Event, Outside) and the Subject (Inside, Square, (Mind<-> Senses)<-> (Emotions<->Imagination).
Observe that it is possible to substitute the first picture in the second picture at he place of the Human. In this case the sequence becomes Nature->Object->Human-Interpretant ->Culture. You can extend the chain as long as you want by filling in new Trialities.
Peirce has produced an enormous amount of documents that still need a lot of specialized scientists to interpret what he meant.
It is very clear that Peirce used a “fractal” model without knowing what fractal (Recursive) meant.When you look at Paths of Change Peirce used connected triangels as you can see in the Path of the Human Hero a model of the MetaMyth.and the Trickster who plays the role of God always teasing and stimulating us to Explore andCreate because we are the real Creators made in the image of God.
In the third picture below you see that the Triangel is a Connection of 3 Dualities.
About the Semiotics of Physics.
MetaMyth
The metamyth is a model that contains all the myths in every culture. This myth is defined by Joseph Campbell in his book The Hero with a thousand Faces.
The Metamyth defined with the model of Paths of Change. Observe that it is possible to define more triangels when you connect Unity (Modelling) and Social (Values) or break open the four Squares who are connections of two Triangels. In this case the amount of Possible Paths explodes. Defining possible paths between ” virtual particles” (“Temporary States“) is the essence of modern Physics that is caused by the invention of the Path Integral by Richard Feinmann.
The model of Paths of Change containing Four Independent Worldviews that make 12 combination because all of the connections are Bilateral.
2 Thinking about Thinking
David Bohm, the successor of Albert Einstein came into contact with the Indian philosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti chosen by the Theosophical Society as the new Maitrea . They started to find out what lies behind Thinking what they called the Implicate Order. In this blog you will learn that the Implicate order is the Vacuum(“Empty Space”) sustained by our Imagination.
Freeman Dyson about the Path Integral of Richard Feinmann.
Sheldrake is a follower of Peirce. When you start to study Science you have to start with Rupert Sheldrake a scientist who came with a highly ignored theory that reality is influenced by the majority of the behavior of others. This implies that bbehavior spreads in TimeSpace without Direct physical contact and is picked up elsewhere. You can also explain this by believing that Structure is a Field and just as in Quantum Mechanics parts that are connected stay connected using “bridges” in space-time that are Magic to us just as Einstein called them “spooky action at a distance”1.
The return of American Pragmatism.
3 About HyperSpace
Predicting the Future by Observing the Observer in Hyperspace
in 1924 J.W. Dunne detected that he and his friends where able to look in the Future and the Past by moving into a state of Lucid Dreaming. He discovered that there are 3 levels of SpaceTime in which an observer is observing an observer that could be the same observer. The big problem, of this theory is called infinite regress. The model has no end. In the next video you learn how you can transform an infinite series into a converging series that simulates Space.
The Mathematics of Hyperspace
Louis H. Kaufmann About Spacetime Algebra. Sometimes Algebra starts with No Thing that could be not a thing but also be nothing or the void. By using a tautology A=B Kauffman develops numerical patterns that start with the beginning (void, nothing, zero) and move into infinity. These patterns contain meta-patterns (orders) that can be interpreted as a rhythm that look like a wave that connect cycles in cycles that contain particles that are the anti-particle of itself that can be described by a Clifford Algebra (also called Geometric Algebra) which is an extension of the Imaginary (i) numbers i with j and k where i.j.k.=-1.
Doug Matzke Hyperdimensional Reality. How Intelligence can be explained by points that are “close” in a hyperdimensional Space (“synchronicity“) and the experiments by Robert Monroe (leaving the body) , William Tiller (the Placebo Effect) and others.
Interview with Robert Monroe about Out-of-the-Body Experience .
What is a hyper-Space? This is a visualization.
4 Infinite Games
This is Version 2. In this version I have finished the Educational part of this blog (Chapter 1) and I have started to write about the Geometry of Change. in chapter 12.
In this part I advice you to spend some time on a video of George Lakoff one of the Leading Scientists in Embodied Cognition . This part of Cognition Theory is based on the Fusion of Complementary concepts (“Bisocation“).
Will McWhinney gave me a book of J.P. Carse called Infinite Games. Infinite games are the opposite of the Finite Game that ends when somebody has won. The Infinite Game is a Game that Creates Games. It is the game of the Trickster. The same Dichotomy can be found in the difference between a Vocation and a Career. In a career (a Racetrack) you Win or Lose.
Hopi Raven Trickster . Raven Steals the Light. Famous Flemisch Trickster Tijl Uilenspspiegel (Mirror of the Owl) .
The Trickster Tijl Uilenspiegel with the Owl in his Left (Magic) Hand and the Mirror of Cycle of Life (the Zodiac) in his Right Hand.
In this blog you will find that the Finite Game of the Controllers is related to Affine Geometry (Order, Ranking, Being the Same) and the Infinite Game of the Trickster to the Similarity Geometry (Being Different). There are two more Geometries that are related to Measures (Euclidian) and Connections (Projective).
Why Science is an Infinite Game.
5 Science
This is a Part of a long series about the Philosophy of Science in which you see the Perspectives of Paths of Change come back united with an idea about How to Do Science in which we learn from our Mistakes.
Artificial Intelligence
We are witnessing the birth of Artificial Intelligence (AI). AI has nothing to do with Intelligence. It is producing Artificial Humans that beat humans in many area’s (Chess, GO) but still not in Mathematics. Just like you’re calculator you have the choice to be dependent on a machine or to become an exception a human who is able to calculate by Head. Every new Technology makes us more dependent from this new technology (“the so called Automation Paradox)
This a Generator of Cycles where the Stages of the Cycle are determinated by Paths of Change The generator is a Fractal pattern. The (meta-)model behind the Generator is the Chinese Lo Shu (a 3×3 Magic Square) that turns into the Sheng Cycle when you connect the points.
The Cycle Generator applied on Technology shows that we are approaching a new Era in which we will see a Global Brain emerging.
This is one of the most interesting documents about the Foundations of Physics and Mathematics I have read for a very long time. It shows what I already wrote down a few years ago about Geometric Algebra that the Number system opens up new number systems when to want to Reverse what you did.
The Positive numbers end by zero and move over to the negative numbers. When you standardize repeating adding and call it multiply dividing ends when you reach zero. Repeating multiplying generates the square roots that end with the negative numbers generating the Imaginary numbers (i=SqRT-1) but this is not the end. Generalizing the imaginary numbers (the Quaternions) created numbers nobody understood until it was found that they are Rotations in N-Dimensional Space.
Peter Rowland surprises by showing that the symmetries in the symmetries show the Implicate Order of David Bohm and more important that zero (“truly empty) is the Beginning (“alpha”) and the end (“omega”). Which means that the universe is always in balance.
If a statement is true its Negation is also true. In geometry Points also called incidents are lines that Meet and Lines are unions of Points. A point is not-Space and is empty and Flat space is a union of lines. True Statements can be rephrased with different components that create new truths about existing components. The next step is Category Theory in which you can reason with theories (called Functors) as objects called Types.
An Alternative view on the reason why there is Dark Matter based on the theory of Peter Rowland. Rowlands asserts that physics and mathematics are even more intertwined than we commonly believe, and that quaternions together with the assumption that zero is the natural start and end state of all physical reality is enough to derive all of quantum mechanics including Dirac’s and Schrödinger’s equations.
A presentation about the Theory of Peter Rowland.
In 1972, Frank Wilczek was 21 years old. He and his thesis adviser, David Gross, discovered the basic theory of the strong force — the final pillar of the Standard Model of particle physics. Their work revealed the strange alchemy at work inside the nucleus of an atom. It also turned out to underpin almost all subsequent research into the early universe. Wilczek and Gross went on to share the 2004 Nobel Prize in Physics for the work. Frank wrote a new book about Complementarity which looks a lot like duality and polarity. Deep below the universe two forces are creating a subtile equilibrium in which energy is given and taken.
Frank Wilczek explains Physics with the help of the same insights of Maxwell who detected the Electromagnetic Field. Maxwell used a model based on the 3 colors we use to make all the colors we see by mixing and adding intensity. Frank shows that Physics can be explained by so called property-fields in which complementary forces combine to make other complementary forces that keep Balance. Stangely enough this is the same as the model of Panarchy that describes an ecology. Is the Universe an Ecology of different shapes?A Time-Chrystal When time crystals were first proposed in 2012 by physicist Frank Wilczek they seemed like an exotic consequence of quantum mechanics in systems of many interacting particles. Wilczek argued that such systems broke symmetry in time, changing so as to return periodically to the same state just as ordinary crystals exhibit periodicity in space. Subsequent experimental work has found that quantum time crystals can exist in systems maintained out of equilibrium by some driving force. Now Norman Yao of the University of California at Berkeley and colleagues suggest that time crystals can arise without the need for quantum physics at all.
Contradiction
The third video is about the emerging Global Brain. The first two video’s are about the Foundation of Mathematics which is based on Contradiction . The fourth video is about the Human Relationship theory of Alan Fiske.THis theory is a Bridge between Geometry and Change Management.
About Global Brain. By connecting many specialized local Brains we will reach a higher level of AI.
A design of a highlyDistributedAdaptive computer that is based on the Wave Function of Quantum Mechanics that could become Conscious when it moves above a certain level of complexity.
How Godel proved that it is impossible for a System to Observe Itself. This was also proved by alan Turing . He invented what is now called a Turing Machine a model of a Computer that is able to Represent a Theory.
Gregg Zuckerman About the Mathematics of Consciousness based on Non-russell Sets. Consciousness is based on Contradiction.
Alan Fiske has developed a widely accepted and used theory about how people coordinate and cooperate. This theory is compatible with Paths of Change. The theory is also compatible with the results (see chapter 8) of Measurement theory where the types of measurement are called Scales. Scales can be related to Geometries. In the blog I start with explaining geometries and move in Chapter 12 to the field of change Management where I Apply the Geometries.
When I studied Mathematics I found the Dutch Mathematician Brouwer who believed what I now still believe and George Lakoff later proved that you have to See Mathematics otherwise it is wrong.
History of this Blog
The reason behind this blog is explained in the last chapter of my blog About the Ecology of the State.
In the blog about the Ecology of the State I reused a blog about Anti-Fragility, a new name for Resilience. Resilience is a major variable in the theory of Panarchy which is a theory about Ecologies.
I combined Panarchy with Paths of Change also a Theory about change and the theory of Alan Fiske about Human relationships. This combination gave me the insight that there is a shared Geometry behind many of the theories tabout Change.
This blog gives you an opportunity to combine the theories yourself. I also will show you that this geometry was known for a very long time ago mainly starting in India (See “Vedic Mathematics“). In the interpretation of the Theory of Alan Fiske the Scales of Measurement play an important role. I have created a special Chapter 8. for this subject.
In this blog I want to explore the Geometry of Change. To make it possible that others are also able to think about Geometries this blog contains many Educational Videos’.
7 Geometry
A projection of the model of Panarchy on the model Paths of Change.Model of Vitality projected on Paths of Change. The Model of Panarchy projected on Paths of Change using the colors of PoC. The ridel of Alan Fiske projected on Paths of Change using the colors of PoC.
As you can see in this Chapter Geometry is very old. It was the Foundation of Art, Architecture , the State and Religion. People have been fascinated by Patterns like the visible patterns Up in the Sky of the Sun, Moon Planets and the Zodiac but also the patterns in numbers. Out of Geometry many sciences have grown that were grouped in schools sometimes called a University. Behind he patterns music was found and music was also created using patterns. The most important Music was the Music of the Spheres . This chapter is Big. It contains many Video’s that contain simulations. The main reason is that you have to See (“insight”) the Theory to understand the Practice.
How Physics, Movement, Symbols and Sound are supported by Geometry
Richard Feynman was able to recreate every theory at will and was therefore able to explain what the theory was about. His lectures are famous. This is a recontruction with a Simulation of his Last Lecture. It is a lecture about Geometry. Below you see a comparable lecture about a comparable genius Riemann who lived a short life but was able just as Feynman to see (Imagine) a lot. This shows the Power of Mathematics. It is not about Reasoning but about Insight. That’s why I have selected many video’s and will find more. Enjoy.
Why the Prime Numbers lie on a line but nobody knows why. A nice present of Quanta Magazine. about the Hypothesis of Riemann. Riemann comes back later when he solves another problem, the problem why geometries are different. He proved that this has to with the Curvature of space. Something you see below when you see the solution of Einstein to the problem of Gravity solved before that time by Newton who stole it from Leibniz, one of the last Magicians before the Golden Dawn (see video below about Mystic Geometry.) Einstein got the solution for his problem of his friend the Mathematician Minkowski.
The curved space of Einstein.
The role of Higher Dimensions in Physics and Mathematics. It started with Albert Einstein. He used a new 4D curved geometry to explain gravity. Kaluza found that Gravity and Electro-magnetism could be united by adding an extra 5th Dimension. This solution was improved by Oscar Klein by introducing Imaginary (2D) numbers . This solution transformed much later into 10 dimensional (vibrating) String /theory to integrate quantum mechanics, . As you can see in the next video the extra dimensions are put into a Very Small Closed in itself (“circular”) area in Space.
Part of a long series of lectures and simulations about symmetric shapes that played an important role in ancient physics and mathematics which was at that time related to the Order of phytogoras.
Transforming a flat structure into a 3D projection of a higher order structure made of Pentacles.
The Physicist Sean Carrol About Geometry and Topology in particular Riemannian non-Euclidean geometry, and topological invariants called “Homotopy groups.
The geometry of our space has zero curvature. In spaces with positive or negative curvature other rules are valid. George Bernhard Riemann developed a new geometrical concept by imagining a 2-dimensional bookworm living on a 3D crumpled sheet of paper.
The surface of the paper would seem to be flat and undistorted. Because the worm can only perceive two dimensions it would not be able to detect that his own body crumples with the paper in the higher dimension. The “force” that would keep the bookworm from moving in a straight line was not a mysterious “action at a distance”, but a result of the unseen warping from the third dimension.
You can imagine a similar experience by walking a straight line on a rotating platform. To you the shortest connection is a straight line while you move with a curve when observed by someone outside the platform. The geometry changes the idea that the shortest distance between two points is a straight line.
It even changes the idea that we return on the same point when we move in a loop (“circle”). This happens when our space contains one or more holes (“singularities”, “dividing by zero”).
With this example you can learn that it makes a lot of Difference when you are In (Intrinsic) or Outside (Extrinsic) the Context.
Space Harmony: The work of Rudolf Laban about Movements. The same geometry can be used to make letters, sounds and meaningful symbols.
Kim Veltman about the history and geometry of Letters.
System Theory related to Buddism. A speedy introduction of system thinking leading to chapter Eleven. .
How to transform an infinite proces into a finite proces
A very rich source about Mystic Geometry. About India, Soemer, Egypt, Magic Kabbalah, the Rosicrucians , Blavatsky and of course the Golden Dawn.
8 Theory of Measurement
Measurements can be made through the human Senses or through the use of a measurement Instruments.
Measurement is the assignment of Numerals to a system according to a set of rules. These rules are called a Theory.
Our senses or the instruments that are used to measure the system also represent a theory. This theory has a sometimes unknown impact on our measurement.
To avoid the Bias of the Theory behind our Measurement Systems a theory has to be a Structure Preserving mapping, a homomorphism. The Structure of the system has to stay the same when the rules are applied.
If the theory does not preserve structure the theory introduces its own theory and we are not measuring the original system.
Not only the primary theory has to be a homomorphism. The complete chain of theories we use has to preserve the structure (The Uniqueness Axioma) of the original system.
To avoid Bias a System of Measurement Scales is defined.
A video about Scales.The Hierarchy of Measurement Scales. Observe that the scales are Nested.THis means that every scale is Part of a “higher” scale and all the constraints have to be valid on a higher level. This means that C4 contains C3 etc.
a Nominal Scale defines Sets. Sets contain the Same elements. When we want to preserve structure we have to satisfy the constraint If s1 = s2 ⇔ f(s1) = f(s2) (“the Same stays the Same”). This is called the Symmetric group, the group of all Permutations of the objects in the Set.
The Ordinal Scale is part of the nominal scale. The relational structure preserved during the measurement process preserves equality and order. The set of admissible transformations are relations that satisfy the constraint If s1 < or >s2 ⇔ f(s1) < or >f(s2). This is called the Order-Preserving Group and is the group of monotonic increasing functions.
The Interval Scale has to satisfy the constraint If s1−s2 = s3−s4 ⇔ f(s1)−f(s2)=f(s3)−f(s4).This is called the General Linear Group (or Affine Group). Differences can only be preserved when the transformation is a Linear transformation Ax + B where A is a Rotation and B is Translation (Displacement).
The Ratio Scale has to satisfy the constraint If s1/s2 = s3/s4 ⇔ f(s1)/f(s2) = f(s3)/f(s4). This is called the Linear Group.The only transformation that satisfies this constraint is the functions f(x) = Ax. This means that the only tranasformation that is left is muliplication and division (“not by zero!). which is transl;lated in Expansion and Compression the object of Topology.
A short Seminar about the history of Topology and a few highly interesting applications that show you for instance why we have to leave thinking in Hierarchy and move to Topological Structures with a higher Betti-Numbers (Loops).
Mathematician Prof. Norman Wildburger About the History of Mathematics focusing on geometry. . Norman has made thousands of video’s explaining everything you don’t know but want to know. THis video is about History.
An introduction to Group Theory.Group theory is about “being the Same“. This is a visualization.
Figures shown in the same color are similar. A similar structure can be transformed by Rotation, Translation (Displacement) and Scaling (Multiplication), “blow up/down”).
Groups can be compared to numbers. Just like the primes the Simple Groups can be used to create other groups. The Biggest group is called the Monster.
The Geometry of the Space we live on, the Sphere, where Parallel LinesCross at the Poles. This video contains nice visualizations.
Affine Geometry, The Geometry of Linear Transformations.
Projective Geometry is about Perspective and the projective plane, the space of one-dimensional subspaces of a three dimensional vector space (lines through the origin). This view leads to Hyperbolic and Eliptic Geometry finally framed in the language of Geometric Algebra . Affine geometry is the “world” of Linear Algebra and Vector Spaces leading to Euclidean and Einstein’s (Minkovski) ,Relativistic geometry.
With Geometric Algebra you can Calculate with Shapes. Geometric algebra is a very convenient representational and computational system for geometry. It is going to be the way computer science deals with geometrical issues. It contains, in a fully integrated manner, linear algebra, vector calculus, differential geometry, complex numbers and quaternions as real geometric entities, and lots more.
Geometric Algebra brings us back to the Tetractys of Pythagoraswhich shows the Fourth triangular number which is part of the Triangle of Pascal.also called the Yang Hui in China and Mount Meru in Sanskrit. The Triangle of Pascal contains many Fractal structures that were used a very long time ago in Music (Rythms), Art & Architecture (Proportions) and Numerology (“The Art of interpreting Patterns in Numbers).
Triangular Numbers.The Tetractys (1+2+3+4=10 = 1 MOD 9) in a Mystical Vision of Jakob Böhme. In the center of the Heart you can see the Hebrew letter/numbers that are a copy of the comparable Sanskrit symbols. See the video of Kim Veltman above.
Mount Meru Prastaara. When you Want to know more about the history of Sanskrit (“krit” = the Practice) and “sans = Speaking and the influence on many cultures (~f.i. Hebrew) of the culture of ancient India look at the Video of Kim Veltman above.
Realize that the 3D version of Panarchy is also a 3D version of the Movement of the Relational Models of Alan Fiske and their related Geometries in Cognitive Space and the movement of many Concepts that share the same Worldviews of Path of Change.
Also Realize that Panarchy is a result of a theory (Cultural Theory) that is based on the same Worldviews of PoC and of Alan Fiske that can be explained by a 2×2 Matrix containing the variablesAgency and Communion that are the same as Yin and Yang.
Agency and Communion also determine the Big Five the most used Personality Classification (and many others)
Yin and Yang are also represented by 0 and 1 and therefore the Triangle of Pascal represents the many combinations of possible personalities on earth but is also a result of a completely different System (Geometries) to calculate Combinations. Think about (X>Y)**n (Affine) or (X-Y)**n (Euclidian) as an example (X>Y)**n is a Program (“Protocol”) to n times create all the possiblecombinations of X>Y.
It is therefore also not strange to call the total process of the movement of Expansion (Yin) and Compression (Yang) in space the Cosmic Breath named the Svara in Sanskrit. Svara स्वर (svara and svāra): Voice, musical note, sound; note of the musical scale, tone in recitation, accent in grammar, symbolic expression.
Hierarchy
Ished Tree in Egypt. Thot with the moon on his head (“the inventor) and Seshat with the wheel of the Seven Stars (Pleiades) and the symbol of the Bull, the daughter of Ma’at the Goddess of Balance aquire the Magic leafs of the tree.The names of the ascended ones are written on its leaves.
The Benu Bird (Phoenix, the Fire Bird) lives on the top of the ished tree. in Heliopolis. The Phoenix is recreated by the Fire of the Kundalini also represented by the Snake of Ouroboros being a Cycle that connects to itself. This fire was wellknown in antiquity.
Yggdrasill, Old Norse Mimameidr, in Norse mythology, the world tree, a giant ash supporting the universe. One of its roots extended into Niflheim, the Underworld; another into Jötunheim, land of the Giants; and the third into Asgard, home of the Gods. Asgard was according to Kim Veltman situated in Tomsk Russia.
Balance
The Egyptian Goddess Ma’at was later called Sophia (Wisdom). Ma’at is the keeper of the Underworld. She is also the keeper of the Harmony in the universe. Ma’at weights the Heart (“the center”) with her feather which carries the symbol of the nothing (“the empty set”). When the Heart weights light as a feather the human was balanced in the Heart Chakra meaning that he lived a “Good Life” and was allowed to enter Heaven. Observe that the Heart is the Controller of the Upper (Head) and the Lower (Body) Cycle of Blood (“=Life“). Observe that the human is represented by an Ape with the moon of Thot on his head.
As you can see in the picture above PG makes use of drawing Lines that connect the Point of the Eye (the Sensor) with the \Planes and Points of the Object of the Drawing. Observe that the object is a Sphere. and that the two lines connect with the sphere at the Horizon which is a line we often confuse with Infinity(“the point we will never reach”).. Also observe that the rear-end of the Sphere is invisible.
The pole of the Sphere can be connected to Parallel Lines that Never Cross. The lines connected to the eye of the artist and the Pole always have an Angle>0.
PGConnects many Points(“people”) by Lines (“Connectors“) and is there fore highly comparable with Communal Sharing of Fiske and Social of PoC.
Alberti was the first to ask what two pictures have in common if two drawing screens (Planes) are interposed between the viewer and the object, and the object is projected onto both resulting in two different pictures of the same scene. Leone Battista Alberti (1404-72) was the writer of the irst treatise, about Perspective Della pittura (1435). The solution to this problem was found in 1803 by Lazare Carnot In his book “Géométrie de Position” he proved that the so called “Cross-Ratio” is always preserved in a Projection with One Point of View.
How to unite all the geometries using a General Way of describing Lines and Points in higher dimensions. In this way the Horizon becomes a circle.
Cross-ratios are invariant under Möebius transformations. THis is a visualization.A Moebius transformation is a combination of many transformations, a reflection, a rotation, an inversion a translation and a homothety, a homogeneous dilation .Geometries are types of Transformations (Rotation, Translation, scaling, projection and )and Things that Stay the same -> Invariants (Length, Angle, parallel lines, incidence (“crossing lines”, points) and the Cross-Ratio ( a complicated way to relateLlines or Angles that have the Same Point of View) ).
about Meta Geometries
Moving one step Higher in Abstraction.
About 4D Space and Quaternions : Quaternions are the Imaginary Numbers (x, i,j,k) of 4 D Space. The Imaginary Numbers are Rotations in 3D space (x,i) . This video gives you a way to train your 4D-view by starting in Flatland being an imaginary world in 2D. A Line is a projection of a Circle that starts at Infinity which is a point at the North Pole of the Sphere.
In 1872 Felix Klein, published a new Mathematical Research Program called the Erlangen Program under the title Vergleichende Betrachtungen über neuere geometrische Forschungen.
In this program Projective Geometry was emphasized as the Unifying Frame for all other Geometries.
Although lines in the Projective Plane meet in one point of Infinity Klein argued that there could be two points of Infinity if the Projective Plane was a Surface Closed in Itself.
When we look at the Origin of Projective Geometry, the Artist painting A Sphere, Earth, on a Flat Surface, it is not difficult to realize that this Closed Surface is a Sphere. This sphere is projected on a plane that contains the imaginary numbers that are solutions of the cross-ratio when the 4 points 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷 are not on a circle.
COnformal mappings are mappings that preserve angles. This video shows why the cross ratio is complex when the points are not on a circle.
About Kleins erlangen Program
12 Using The Geometry of Change
Refresh and Surprise
First I present a few Slides to refresh your knowledge about the Background of the Blog or to surprise you.
In chapter 13 start to talk about the Geometries of Change.
The issue of this chapter is to help you to think about related issues like Machines, Cybernetics, the Anticipatory System of Rosen but also about Semiotics.
You don’t have to understand everything and you can also skip as many issues as you want.
I hope you become inspired to look at the geometry with another view (“I hope the Mythic“) and see the Magic (“have you looked at . the video about “Mystic Geometry in Chapter 1″?).
The engineering method COLLIN Looks like Paths of Change. This is a >4 times Expansion of Paths of Change with the Human in the Middle and the Four types of humans that surround him/her. Here you see four types of Social Networks with a Production and Sales Cycle moving With- and Against the clock. The four Communities correspond with the four Relationship types of Alan Fiske. Remember that the four Relationships are related to four types of Geometries. This was proven by relating the Relationships to Scales of Measurement. Measurement theory (Chapter 2) is based on the idea that measurement has to be based on Structure-preserving maps from the outside (what we think we see with our senses) to the inside (what we see with our imagination which is related to an inner sensor (“the third eye”) which is the Pineal Gland).
Observe that explain means making something plane (flat) which is a projection from Knowledge (Affine Geometry) to the (flat) Image of the Imagination (Similarity Geometry). Observe also that Design (in Dutch Ont-Werp) is related to Throwing (projection) something at the right moment (ont). What target (Goal (Plan) ) do you want to hit? Realize that the energy for the projection comes out of the fusion of Complementary (Different) concepts. What is different?Not-the same. Not is a Negation.
Mind, Machines and Anticipatory Systems
Professor of Cognitive and Computational Neuroscience Anil Seth looks at the Neuroscience of Consciousness and how our biology gives rise to the unique experience of being you .This presentation is mostly about the so called the Bayesian Brain. In this theory the brain is a prediction machine that produces a “best guess” combining internal “memory” / “imagination” and external data produced by the senses. Damasio: ” Living systems are not static, but they act in the world in order to minimize surprise and persist in a future shaped by uncertainty” but humans Need Surprises to find life exiting.
“Organs are not machines” : The defining property of a living system is that it has organisational closure: every efficient cause (why, Aristotle) ) that is necessary for its continued existence must be in turn generated from within the system. The presentation We looks at organisational theories of the organism from Aristotle, via Kant, to Robert Rosen, who provided a basic relational diagram for a system with closure to efficient causation. The reason for its existence has to come from within the system and the paths that are connected by the “causes” have to connect and close.
Robert Rosen: Anticipatory System.Observe that this picture can be mapped to Paths of Change by mapping a Natural Systems to the Sensory Worldview and the Formal System to the Unity Worldview. Final Cause is the Why Question which is the Mythic Worldview. The material cause is the Social Worldview. Closure is what Will Mcwhinney called a Path.
The model of Cybersemiotics. Humans (We = I (Sensory) and/or The Other(s, Social) Exchange our models being personal interpretations of the Natural Systems we sense or are part in. This exchange can take place using a “communication-model” being the Conduit Metaphor (we exchange containers) or the Toolmaker Metaphor in which we exchange our experiences about using the models. We are an organism and we communicate using the expiriences of our outer or inner body. In t he last part we are specialized and therefore talented to experience our Inner Eye or we get insights without knowing how.
Cybersemiotics uses the Semiotics of Peirce. Peirce uses a “simple” model in which he uses 3 Stages in te proces of Meaning, The Sign , the “cause” of the Sign and the Interpretation of the Sign in the Mind.
About 1st, 2nd and 3rdness x 1st, 2nd and 3rdness = 9 correlates.
The basic Trinity of Peirce.
A lot of Questions and Observations of Soren Brier trying to find a new foundation for the sciences. It will not help you to find certainty. Perhaps it wil sharpen your questions or doubts.
Another presentation of Soren Brier: The Cybersemiotic star: A diagram of how the communicative social system of embodied minds‟ four main areas of knowledge arises. Physical nature is usually explained as originating in energy and matter, sometimes also information. living systems as emerging from the development of life processes (such as the first cell). Social culture is explained as founded on the development of meaning and power in language and practical habits, and, finally, our inner mental world is explained as deriving from the development of our individual life world and consciousness, in spiritual and religious framework often ultimately from an objective transcendental spirit or as a soul coming from a personal creator God.
Atopoiesis
An interview with Niklas Luhman in German but translated into English. Luhmann has tried to incorporate the idea of autopoiesis (self-reproduction) in sociology. He proves that Social Systems reproduce themselves and are therefore highly resistent to change.
Autoiesis is about Self-Reproduction or Repairduring Production. Neil Theise loops from makro-levels to micro-levels of what we call reality. He explains complexity, autopoiesis,positive &negative feedback-loops, cancer and how all that relates to us in the universe and the universe in us? Why ants move away from their territory to come back when they have found the food that is needed.
The presentation behind the link above explains the theory of Robert Rosen in combination of the theory of George Lakoff. For the last one move below. For the first one explore this blog about Meta-Engineering. As you will see is that the presentation tells a comparable story as Chapter 2 about measurement in the way that it explains that a model is a mapping from something we experience outside with our senses (A natural system) or with our instruments and we have to make a structure preserving mapping to avoid that we introduce a bias with our measurement instruments.
Paths of Change mapped on Kolb Learning Styles In this picture you can see what a Closure means, a path connecting the four worldview. Know that the arrows can also move the other way around and every Box is a PoC-model in itself. Thats way PoC is a Fractal System of Change. Body and Mind are connected by the Heart and are centers of cycles where the four views/types move around. The four views with one shared view create the “magic” number seven (3+1+3) . Observe that the cycles move with and against the clock creating the well known Moebius Ring (8). This model maps on the Indian Model of the Chakra’s and the Chinese Median Points. Service above Self is the motto of the Rotary where ROTAR is a permutation of TAROT.
The history of the Tarot. Rob Doctors van Leeuwen was visited by an Angel who asked him to do research about the pattern of the Tarot. He (and his brother Onno) detected two new cards called Truth (Blue) and Intuition (Yellow)Paths of Change used in a model about the Production Cycle.
A picture out of my Blog about a new Ecology of the State that unites Panarchy, ALan Fiske and Paths of Change. It is an application of the Geometries. The most important Worldview is Yellow and was called Mythic by Will McWhinney in his book Paths of Change. Mythic relates to Intuitive in the myers Briggs Model: “Intuitive people live in the future and are immersed in the world of Possibilities. They process information through patterns and impressions. Intuitive people value inspiration and imagination. They gather knowledge by reading between the lines. Their abstract nature attracts them toward deep ideas and concepts”
The first thing you have to realize is that you have been looking at pictures that describe the same subject with different names. All of them are about Change and Change looks like Breathing <-.-> (Contract/Expand). Below you see the Expansion Pattern of “nothing”/. This pattern is controlled by the Trinity, the number 3 and the Triangel. This pattern is called the Bronze Mean. It is a specialization of the Golden mean. The bronze mean contains a very important number 43.
The center is the Empty set (Yellow), the Nothing, the Foundation of creativity. Desire (Female) and Control (Male) create a child (Communion) Left you see Adam Kadmon the first Human and the Tree of Knowledge.
By playing with the Arrows (->) Expansion (Red) and Compression (Blue) are reproduced. The other 2 combinations create The Emotions (Green) and Creativity (Yellow).
The first picture of this paragraph contains a Cycle connected to another Cycle where both cycles move in opposite direction showing the well known Moebius Ring (8). The model contains a center that contains the model of the whole. This is called a fractal. When you compare this model with other models look at the colors. I have used the same colors of PoC all the time.
13 About Affine Geometry, Maps, Metaphors and Mappings
In the model of the Geometry of Change you see that Blue, named Unity in PoC and Knowledge in other models is called an Affine Geometry and is connected the concept Rank and the Constraint If s1 < or >s2 ⇔ f(s1) < or >f(s2) which is called the Order-Preserving Group. Knowledge is an Order but what order?
The solution to this puzzle can be found at the beginning of this blog where you read the sentence “The role of Higher Dimensions in Physics and Mathematics”. The concept Dimension is used to define a Ranking of Spaces.
Higher Dimensions are represented as Projections on a Plane. This 2D plane could be called a Scape (taken out of out of Land-scape).
George Lackoff researched the brain and detected that the Brain is based on the Body (“Embodiment”). When we are young we learn that it is difficult to learn to find balance to stand right up and to move. Thats why Up (Higher) is better dan Lower (Down). Thats why Heaven is Up and Hell is Down. Thats why a Tree is a Symbol of Knowledge. George also discovered that we always make represent ations of what we think. When we try to represent an abstract concept we use a prototype (one out of the set). He also found out that Our brain uses Frames to interact with the outside world: About Framing. This is also the subject of Goffman.
14 About Euclidian Geometry, Distance and the Horizon
In the picture above you see the Horizon. Horizon is related to Horizontal, a line that is perpendicular to a line that moves from Up to Down or Back. the horizon is an Illusion because we live on a Globe. Behind the Horizon we see nothing but we know that there is something behind the Horizon. In our Perspective the Horizon is the place where parallel lines Cross. The word horizon derives from the Greek “ὁρίζων κύκλος” horizōn kyklos, “separating circle”,[3] where “ὁρίζων” is from the verb ὁρίζωhorizō, “to divide”, “to separate”,[4] which in turn derives from “ὅρος” (oros), “boundary, landmark. The horizon is a symbol for infinity (“the place we never will reach” but also something we can find wen we keep on moving at the right direction.
About Deep Learning & Euclidian and Non-Euclidian Shapes.
This video explains Neural Networks using Graphs that are able to recognize Non-Euclidian Objects.
About Scapes and Meta-Systems.
Below you see a picture and a presentation of Kent Palmer. He found out that the term Scape (Schap in Dutch) we use in Landscape is used to imagine a “flat plane” . In dutch and english scape is also translated into ship (“Friendship, vriendschap) being a relationship that carries as a tray, something to hold something.
Perspectives are about seeing something but seeing is used as an insight. We look at our personal frame.
A Few years ago I gave a presentation about Context to Software-architects about Mikhail Bahktin: The Wordwide Carnival: A Short Introduction into the World of Mikhail Bakhtin. He was a Russian Philosopher that was put into a Goelag-camp by stalin. He was an expert in Dialog and what he called the Chronotope: “The place where the knots of narrative are tied” or “the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships”.
A Wicked problem is a problem that creates a new (mostly bigger) problem when it is solved.
This blog is about a new foundation of Technology and Science . This foundationis found deep in the Imagination where we create our Reality,
This blog is in honour of Edsger Wiebe Dijkstra who was a short time in 1969 my teacher at Leiden University when Computer Science was still a part of Mathematics.
Edsger Dijkstra never stopped to find the foundation of IT in Mathematics.
“Programming is one of the most difficult branches of applied mathematics; the poorer mathematicians had better remain pure mathematicians“ (Edsger Wiebe Dijkstra).
In this blog you will see that Meta-Mathematics provides the key to a new software-foundation and going one level deeper to a better understanding of Physics.
This blog is about the Art of Making Tools that Support Humans in every step of their Life where Making is Implementing models based on a Vision that rises out of a Collective.
The AUTOMATION PARADOX.
“The more automated machines are, the less we rely on our own skills. But instead of relying less on automation to improve our skills, we instead rely even more on automation.”
Every New Innovation in IT makes us More Dependent on this Innovation .
King Solomon Solves a Wicked Problem by Introducing a not-Desirable Technical Solution..
Technology (and Science) is (and Politics are)the Cause and the Solution of many Wicked Poblems.
The reason is that Politiciansforget to look at Reality and Engineers forget to look at the Users of their systems or forget to look at the Impact of their Systems on society or Nature.
In the end the problem looks Unsolvable and the engineers start with a New (Better?) Approach (technique, method).
Wicked Problems GenerateNew wicked problems when they are Solved and often end up in a Huge (Social) Conflict between the Stakeholders.
Controlled by a Special Type of Dialoque initially invented by the PhysicistDavid Bohm (chosen by Einstein as his successor) in Cooperation with the IndianPhilosopher Jiddu Krishnamurti. (initially chosen by the Theosophical Society to become the Maytreya) Written about in the book On Dialoque by David Bohm.
About Mental Space.
Collaborative Learningcontains 3 connected Cycles connected in a Cycle. The )sub-cycles) operate in a Social Context, Mental Space and Physical Space. This model is an application of one level of Paths of Change (see Part 2 of this Blog).
The CircularPaths of Change applied to System Development. See Part 2 of this Blog. The Cycle consists of 4 Independent Points of View consists of >12 steps because every connection between two Points of View is Bilateral. Observe that the cycle is a Square and that every Square that is a Point of View can be divided in Cycles. that can be divided in Cycles (etc, etc)that Move With and/or Against the Clock.
In this Blog I Ttry to develop a Circular (Cyclic)Context-DependentView on Technology.
Wicked Problemsinvolve Many Stakeholders with different Values and Priorities, Issues with Roots that are Complex and Tangled. Problems that are Difficult to come to grips with and that Change with every Attempt to address them.The challenge has No Precedent. There’s Nothing to indicate the Right answer to the problem.Wicked problems can be Solved by Applying Paths of Change (Part 2)
About Dialoque Mapping:
List of Chapters.
Part 0: Introduction. This chapter written in a Dualistic Styleends with a Video of a Presentation of Neil Theise about Non-Dual Realism which Could Be the Theme of this Entire post.
Part 1Managing Complex Engineering Projects using COLLIN.(Collective Intelligence) developed by Engineers of the Technical UniversityDelft. Collin contains a Video of the GeometricProcess-Model developed by Theo Lohman. This model has a lot in common with Paths of Change.
If you are Only interested in Managing Complex Engineering projects you can find a very extensive Dissertation about this subject in this part. If you want to know more you can also Contact me.
Part 2 about Change management and Paths of Change.(PoC), a very Old Philosophy highly related to the Research of Carl Jung about the Quaternion.
Paths of Change are fractal Cyclic (CirCular) models that combine many IndependentPoints of View (Worldviews).
in Part 3 I introduce you to the work of Kent Palmer. He defined Schema Theory as a theoretical Framework for system Design. A Schema is a 2xN-Dimensional Frame
Part 4 Why Meta-Systems, are a Schap (Scape). and why the Future lies behind the HORIZON which is where Infinity(the point we will never reach) is situated.
A scape (in for instance in landscape) is a horizontal (2×2) frame we use to project verything we See (“insight“).
A Meta-System is a scape that contains a scape (ad infinitum). We almost always forget to take the context into account when we design changes with a high impaqt.
About Projective Geometry, Space-Time, the Chronotope and the Philosophy of Bhaktin .
Bhaktin found a Pattern behind all the Books of World Literature he Read when he was imprisoned for lifetime in Stalin’s Gulag Archipel.
: a theory about what we as EmbodiedHUmans are able to See with our Emotions.
Part 6 About Ancient Science of Egypt .
Part 7 About Predicting Dreams and the Role of consciousness in Design.
Designs are not created out of nothing but are Received in our dreams from the Spirits (Gins) that Inspire us.
A Gini is a Gardian Angel that acts as the Higher Self. The Higher self is able to see the Past and the Future from the Now.
Part 8: About WHoles, holes and Holons.
Part 9; How the Future influences the Past. This is a result of Feynmann Wheeler Absorber Theory
Part 10. about CyclesTechnology– Cycles, and Why Synchronization is the cause of Hypes.
In this chapter I show that it is possible to Predict the Future of Technology with a very high Accuracy.
This Cycle was known 1000nds of years ago and used to Predict the Future of Kings and States.
Part 11. aboutIndustries, Meta-Industries,
Why a City is an Organism and why engineers have to become Ecology-managers.
Our Industry is destroying not only Earth but also our particles (CERN) and our Body (with Chemicals). We have to believe in our Biofield.
Part 12: About Creativity and Innovation (TRIZ & ASIT).ASIT is about Thinking In the Box.
Part 13:: About the Philosophy of Technology.
Part 14: AboutCybernetics.
Part 15: AboutArt and Meta-Art.Why Modern Art is a Technology.
PArt 16 About Webs.Who is weaving the web we Live in?
Part 17 ABout Intuition, and Mathematics with many Links about Proof-and Type-theory.
and new developments in Meta-MetaMathematics (The SymbolScape) .
Part 18: About Schema-theory and Duality(Link to Document of Kent Palmer with a personal explanation of his theory.
Part 19: About Magic as a Technology. Do spirits exist? (Link to Presentation about Egyptian Magic).
Part 20: AboutRhetorics, the Art of Memory and the relarionship between Rhetorics and Music.
I have spend Every Day until today to do Research or to write.
The blog shows you how to improve engineering perhaps by doing the Opposite of improving (not-Improving (maintenance, Keeping Alive) or the Opposite of the Opposite (destroying?, getting rid of?, clean up, transforming?) .
Engine-ering (Machine–ering) is about Making Remaking or Taking Care of something (a Seed?) or someone.
This Blog is still in Development but every part is worthwile.
Start where you want and move around.
This Blog is a Piece of (meta)-Art because It is Writing itself.
If you want to Look at a Summary of this Blog look at the Video Below about the Fundamental Awareness Model of Neil D. Theiseand Kafatos.
Summary of the Summary: Everything that goes Wrong makes things Work and every New Theory we Detect is the result of an Observation at the Wrong Scale.
Engineering Innovates by Learningfrom the Mistakes off Others. We could even innovate by Generating Mistakes that generate Solutions to Problems that do not Exist.
Summary of the Summary of The Summary :Nature and Humans Experiment. (Just like Engineers do).
What looks like a Body at one Scaleof Perception is Billions of Cells and Trillions of Molecules on Another Scale.
Life is an Autopoietic Machine which is a Machine organized as a Network of Processes of production of components which realize the network of processes that produce them.
Death caused by a Disaster is needed to invoke an Alternative Path to Improve Life.
We experience our ‘Selves’ as Both a current Set of EMERGINGFeelings, Sensations, and Thoughts, as well as a Boundaryless Ocean of Memories and Imagination.
Our Universe is a Conscious Experience which expresses itself in novel ways for the purpose of EnrichingExperience.
Non-Dual Conscious Realism ~ Neil Theise:
Part 1 Managing Big Engineering Projects.
Bigengineering projects almost always fail (and are therefore highly Innovative).
This blog is written to improveEngineering or to create a new Type of engineering that is in tune with the Spirits of Nature. and founded on the most robust foundation of Science which is mathematics.
Thanks to Kent Palmer this blog will also bring systems-theory in line with the State of the Art in philosophy.
Out of the many documents of Kent Palmer I use you will see that he is trying to RecreateSsystems-Theory from the Bottom. This Bottom is very old and lies in China, India and Egypt.
Imagining Nothing is Something but Nothing, “the VOID” (currently called the vacuum) , could contain the source of creation we always use when we make something out of nothing. (this is the essence of the Diamond Sutra).
After a few lines my English Text Starts->
De inspiratie om te gaan schrijven ontstond toen ik door Harm Rozie in contact werd gebracht met ingenieurs die bezig waren met het verbeteren van hun vakgebied onder de noemer (First Time Right).
De reden is dat de meeste technologieprojecten die vaak meer dan een miljard kosten mislukken en dat het er op lijkt dat de aannemers erg veel baat hebben van dit mislukken omdat dan alles nog een keer of meer moet.
-> Part 1 : Collin.Managing Complex Projects
The amount of failing complex technology-projects is increasing.
I got in contact with a group of people connected to the Technical University of Delft who were trying to solve this problem.
One of them is Theo Lohman.
He developed a method called Collin (Collective Intelligence).
Leo Ruijven, wrote a dissertation about Collin (and more) called : A unified framework improving interoperability and symbiosis in the field of Systems Engineering.
Kent Palmer has been busy in the US to solve the same problems in a completely different way.
Kent is building a new engineering theory he calls Schema Theory.
Theo and others have developed Relatics . Relatics is a tool to support the making of project-documentation.
You can link documents to a common project-datamodel. The idea behind Relatics is that big projects fail because the participants loose oversight.
This can be prohibited by making standardized documentation.Relatics is a manual tool. You have to make the projectmodel and the links to the content/documentation by hand.
We (Alchemist BV) have developed a tool that makes a semantic-network out of the content of a project using text-mining.
This tool can also be used to make a semantic network out of of any software-code.
THis tool is a result of a Big project (called Resolver) I started at ABN AMRO around 1991 to solve our big software integration problems caused by a merger under pressure.
After a long time of search and research all over the world we ended up at the CWI (Center for Mathematics and Informatics) close to our headquarters in Amsterdam where Paul Klint was developing a meta-parser. .
Alchemist is the result of research by Wim Goes to solve the problem that the rules of the parsers (“translators) of software-languages are changing all the time with every new language. or new version of the language.
To become future-proof we needed a general tool.
This tool was developed on top of an advanced text-mining-tools proving that a progam-language is nothing but a specialized human language with the same problems (“dialects”, etc) as human languages have.
Alchemist not only generates a semantic-network but it also detects patterns behind the many pieces of software and contextual textual content a company (or a network of companies) produces.
It shows the implicit progress of the activity of many people who look at the same context with a different view.
I found out that Collin has a lot to do with Paths of Change (Poc) of Will Mcwhinney. The main reason is that PoC contains a widely applicable general framework that has been used for many ages in many cultures.
PoC is a Meta-Theory (or better a Meta-Praxis) that explains many theories (and philosophies).
PoC uses the concept of Worldview, a Sensory definition of a unique perspective at the world you live in. “
look/view” is not the right word because one of the worldviews is called Sensory.
Poc has a lot in common with the Archetypes of Jung (Sensing, Thinking (Unity, Models, Rules), Feeling (Social, Emotions) and Intuiting (Mythic, Imagination).
The worldviews of PoC are orthogonal which means that the views are independent.
They are a 2×2 combination of Expansion (red) and Contraction (blue) often called the Cosmic Breath.
The most simpe representation of the Cosmic Breath is a two-side arrow (<->).
The four worldviews are independent and are a 2×2 combination of expansion and contraction
PoC is a fractal framework which means that Poc can be applied to Itself.
Poc is also a clyclic framework which means that the views of the Paths of Change are connected in a cycle (and a meta-cycle (etc.) that moves With (Introvert) and Against the cClock (Extravert) .
Poc also contains a center. (the cross) that can be seen as a Projection of Consciousness seen as the Observer.
Below a view on a Chinese model called the Five Elements Map.
The four corners of the square of PoC and the center of the Cross add up to Five Perspectives.
The Four + one center Elements come back in many Cultures and in Old and Recent Science.
As you can see the two directions of the movement are called destructive (Against the Clock, Consuming) and generative/ Productive.
The two movements connect and create a Moebius Ring (the number 8 ((infinity) FOR EVER).
Wicked and other Problems are solved by Making a connection between the Worldviews to create a cyclic Path of Change.
Every 2-combination (called a Game) of Worldviews is a step in a circular Path of Change is named with many names.
For instance Unitary<-> Sensory is called Make (Unity->Sens) or Analyze. (Sens->Unity). Sen-Unity is named the Analytical Game Sensory-Social, the Game of the Market. and Mythic-Social is the GAme that Creates Games.
Combinations of Steps are related to well known Methods. 4-Rotations with or against the Clock are High Level ResolutionPaths called Renaissance(Rebirth) or REvitalization.
Later in this Blog you will see that there are many Theories that are easely mapped to PoC.
Garl Jung called the framework behind his Archetypes a Quaternion, a 4×4-square that contains complementary (“dual“) concepts (Senses/Facts vs Imagination), (Object/Unity) vs/Subject (Social).
Complementary concepts share the void when they are united. They are often called a Paradox.
The Quaternion has a lot in common with the Chinese Lo Shu Magic square which is the “generator” of the ancient Chinese Cyclic Models.
The Lo-Shu was given to the mythical Emperor Yu before the great Delugewhen he was sitting at the Yellow River.
The Lo Shu Magic Square was an important model for time and space and served as a basis for city planning, tomb design, and temple design. The Magic Square was used to designate spaces of political and religious importance.
The Lo Shu Square on the back of a small turtle surrounded by the signs of the Chinese zodiac.
The Turtle is a synbol of Orion a constellation that played an important role in many ancient cultures.
The Dogon in Africa who knew a lot about ancient Egypt tell in their creation story about the extraterestials (the Nommos) that came from Sirius B to create life on Earth. They were the first engineers on earth.
Jung got a lot of his ideas out of a very long discussion about the dreams of Wolfgang Pauli, one of the creators of Quantum Mechanics.
A Quaternion is a square. A square can be divided by a line into two Triangels. The mathematical Triangle is highly related to the Spiritual triangel, the trinity.
The Triangel is also a Basic Building Block in Geometry.
The work of Kent Palmer is called Schema Theory.Schema Theory uses Mathematics as a foundation and shows that the history of mathematics follows the history of Engineering. Both make use of the same ideas/concepts.
To me this is fine because I am a trained mathematician.
The nice thing with mathematics is that most mathematicians are also philosopher because both need the same concepts to explain what they are looking for or have found.
Kent Palmer uses the concept of the Schema as a central frame to explain what is or was happening in Engineering . A Schema is a 2-dimensional frame.
My Father was born in the center of the Netherlands called “de Veluwe”. His family spoke a different dialect as my mothers family.
Later I met other people with different dialects. I even found out that Science and Banking use their own dialect.
A Dialect is a unique way in which people speak a language that is often highly related to a shared language.
There are many ways to group dialects (Location, Social Class, Profession,.History, culture ..). Dialects can be highly confusing that’s why standardizing terminology is needed when you want to make enduring relationships.
Bahktin, a Russian Philosopher spent his whole life researching literature.
Bahktin developed the concept of the Chronotope : “the intrinsic connectedness of temporal and spatial relationships that are artistically expressed in literature”.
Bahktin found many cycles (the Wheel of Life) that are explained by Paths of Change.
Bahktin wrote a lot about Systemscapes called a Context. He believed that structuring (Coding) kills a context by destroying its potential:
“A context is potentially unfinalized; a code must be finalized. A code is only a technical means of transmitting information; it does not have cognitive, creative significance. Code is deliberately killed context“.
In 1976 At ABN (a big bank) I was asked to take care of the Data and the Terminologyof the bank (Data-Management). We used a special database called a Dictionary to store all the definitions of the data and their technical implementations in database, software and manual processes. The model of the Dictonary was called a Meta-Model.
After some time we found out that the meta-model was a self-reference (a fractal) and it all came back to my favorite subject I found when I was trained as a Computer Scientist at the University of Leiden by a group Scientists which included Edsger dijksta .
To teach us we were given highly difficult problems we had to solve in a very short time using a highly limited computer (1969 CRI Leiden). I found out that the best solutions were Always Fractal.
Later the specifications of the software and the coding were stored in the same dictionary now called a Repository.
Later I got into contact with many scientists that were highly interested in data and the meaning (semantics) of data.
In my fathers dialect a Plank was called a schap. In English Schap is called scape . A plank is a horizontal frame that is used to carry objects.
A LandScape is A portion of land or territory which the eye can comprehend in a single view, including all the objects it contains.
A Horizontal Frame can be seen from a Stake. A stake (“paal”) is a pointed foundation hit in the ground.
When you climb the Stake you can see the Horizon.
When you climb you use a scale.The Horizon is a Horizon-tal Line.Perspective (looking thhrough a hole) was invented by Painters in the Renaissance and was transformed into Projective Geometrythat was transformed into the Model of Curved Space/Time that was used by Einstein when he developed Special Relativity Theory.
Alfred Durer demonstrates his Perspective Machine.
Vriendschap is called Friendship in English.
A Ship is a Scape. a horizontal frame floating on Water.
A Scape, a view or picture of a scene, has various synonyms: context, situation, environment, ecosystem, medium, milieu,or Gestalt.
In the linked document called Naming Systems Kent Palmer writes bout Meta-Systems, Meta-Systems float above normal Systems.
Meta means about the thing itself. It’s seeing the thing from a higher perspective.
When you want to get oversight you have to go UP until you see the Horizon. UP is called Abstracting.
An Abstracted System is always simpler than the System itself. This means that Abstracting is leaving “things out”.
When the process of leaving things out is chaotic you will leave the relation between the Meta-System and the System it is about.
If this is the case the total development-process is in a mess.
To save the project or sometimes even the company you have to find all the content produced and reconstruct the genesis of the project to pick up the pieces.
When ABN and AMRO (another big Bank) were fused I was made co-responsible for this process.
To fuse the two banks we needed new technology (called reverse-engineering) to get the meaning out of all the stored content in many sometimes very old libraries called archives.
We even needed tools to extract the meaning out of operational software without source and object in in the state of a load module.
To save the bank we even had to look worldwide for solutions and got into contact with institutions (NASA) that finally pointed back to Scientists in the Netherlands.
This started an ongoing research-relationship until today in which we develop new tools to handle the new content (pictures, movies, ,,) available and try to reach a higher level of understanding.
An important point to note is that software-engineers especially in highly complex businesses have perhaps solved more problems than the engineers that started the field of system-engineering. I am sure that Kent Palmer is aware of this point.
Spynx
A schema looks like a method but Kent Palmer calls it a template of pre-understanding.
“The richness of nature comes from the variety of schematic organizations (“a ants nest”) that are being projected by different species, while the artificial creation of our human centered environments tends to blot them out and replace them with our own schematizations exclusively, which leads to a lessening of the variety of schematizations that can be realized in the overall natural environment“.
Ants are genetacally programmmed to repeat the same behavior when they are chemically (Pheromones) triggered.
It looks like organisms that are very different from the human and that don’t use language are able to ceate artifacts that are highly comparable to what human engineers are making. Until now we don’t know how they are doing this.
I believe their creation is guiding them to make a new creation. They live in their own design which forces them to maintain and create old and new designs.
Kent Palmer makes a difference between ants and humans by using the concept of a Shared experience. of a lifeworld.
This concept was created by Edmund Hussler around 1936.”The ‘lifeworld is a grand theatre of objects variously arranged in space and time relative to perceiving subjects“.
A “ifeworld means a person’s subjective construction of reality, which he or she forms under the condition of his or her life circumstances“.
the dimension of a mathematical space (or object) is informally defined as the minimum number of coordinates needed to specify any point within it.
.All experience is organized by Templates of Understanding.
Once a phenomenon has been assigned a template it is possible to begin to come to terms with it by discovering its essence, the categories it belongs to, its unique characteristics, and its significance. If
we reverse this process as we do when we design something new, then the schemas become the anchor of everything we design. . schemas are hidden in normal practice, because the schemas are understood as tacit knowledge.
Part 6: About the Age of Reason and the Power of the Imagination. Kent Palmer writes about the many strange coincidences that happened when he was looking for patterns that could help him to extend General Systems theory.
The same happened to me. It all happened when I got into an unexpected Jump Of my Kundalini.
This happens when (the 7th)and the down chakra (called Trumpets in the Bible) fuse.
This started a strange process of synchronicity that brought me a lot of information about the theory behind ancient knowledge.
This ancient knowledge returned to the West (Italy) at the Renaissance when the archives of the center of knowledge of the ancient world in Heliopolis(Egypt)(later Alexandria) were found in Byzantium.
Heliopolis was a Scientific center of the World a long time ago and attracted “scientists” sometimes called Magicians (see Magi) that advised the Rulers of the World that wanted to prevent the world for a new disaster comparable to the Great Flood.
Observe that we now are living in the Age of the Waterbearer. We are now already flooded by images and texts that TAKE all our TIME.
One of the visitors of Heliopolis Plato warned for this time, the time when we would lose the ability to memorize and make use of the Memory Palace we now call the Zodiac.
The most important knowledge to protect was the control of the Power of the Mind by the Imagination.
To block this power a counter-movement was organized out of Venice, the financial center of the world. The managers of this movement started to promote Reason as a powerful force.
Part 7: AboutPredicting Dreams and Consciousness
many people feel the power of an .Ancient Religious Place like a Cathedral of the Middle Ages. The catholic powers often reused the power of these ancient places.
A good example is Chartres which was a holy place of the Druids.
After Hitler came to power in 1933, Charlotte Beradt, a Berlin-based journalist, began to awaken night after night bathed in perspiration, teeth clenched in terror.
On one of these nights, after dreaming of being hunted “from pillar to post” by storm troopers, a new thought arrived: what if she wasn’t the only one?
What if the things that appeared in her nightmares were also being visited upon other people?
This startling thought set in motion the seeds of a research project. Beradt quietly began to query people about their dream-life.
She found out that many people dreamed the same dreams and dreamed the concentration camps of the NAZIS long before they were invented.
The best explanation for the fusion of Quantum Mechanics and Relativity Theory is the so called Wheeler Feynman Aborber Theory. This theory shows that it is possible to influence history in the future.
John Wheeler believes that the Universe is a Self-Observing system. Wheeler suggested that reality is created by observers and that: “no phenomenon is a real phenomenon until it is an observed phenomenon.” .
When I was a young child I found out that I was able to Read people.
When you read people you are able to see what is in their mind.
When I was much older I met highly experienced Advisors that took a training in reading.
We experimented with collective reading and proved that we could read an organization.
Will McWhinney organized workshops in New Mexico near Taos. We were introduced to many “new” techniques that were developed.
They were called Organizational Dreaming (OD) and Organizational Sculptures (OS).
In OD people agreed to solve a problem by sharing their dreams.
In OS one person used other people to build a balanced structure (“a sculpture“) that represented his problems/ questions.
After a signal of the Sculptor everybody makes a next step en tells the “scluptor” what came up in his or her mind.
Creation is believed to be the work of Ancestors who travelled across a formless land, creating sacred sites and significant places of interest in their travels. In this way, “songlines” travelling trails of the Spirit Beings were established all over Australia that are comparable to the ley-lines in the West.
Around 2000 I was asked by Stephen Strong to write an introduction for his book about Aboriginal culture.
Stephen found the parts of an old Egyptian Pyramid including Hieroglyphs that describes an expedition send to Australia.
I believe there was a lot of contact between the Ancient Cultures which shows itself in many shared concepts.
In Dutch (vshowing (tonen) is called weergeven (Giving “weer”). The oppsite of imagining (Sensing) is called waar-nemen *Taking “weer”. When we sense we take something. When we look we give something (our attention).
A formula that contains variables contains holes to fill.
A Tunnel is a (worm)-Hole to Connect
.
If Emptness is empty and enpty is O and =>O = 0 (zero) than a lot of emptyness is still 0.
If a system contains only holes the sum of the parts is the same as the system.
When the holes are conncted the sum of the system is the same as the sum of the connections.
A system that is the sum of its connections is a network.
A network that contains holes that connect is a flow-system.
Does emptyness contain matter?.
Emptyness (the vacuum) is a fluctuating production of mattter.
The vacuum looks a lot like the mind producing thoughts when the observer is observing which is called meditation in ancient Indian science.
The Empty Set is a set with zero members. If we are able to remove members out of a set we will get sets with negative numbers of members. These are sets that are missing something (“longing” sets”).
The mathematician John Conway defined a process (a machine) that produces all the numbers there are called a Conway Game and even numbers we did no know about before he defined his process called Surreal Numbers.
A Highly Composite Number (HCN) is a positive integer with more divisors than any smaller positive integer. A HCN is a social number.
HCN were invented by Ramanujan a mathematical genius found in India who got his inspirations from Lakshmi the Goddess of Namagiri.
The HCN are the numbers that define Harmonics . HArmonics shows that the Universe is a (Musical) Wave that produces Overtones (The Music of the Spheres.
Until today the Istitute researches and predicts every well known Cycle and has found the Cycle-Times of many Economic and related Cycles.
They found that the cycle-times are related to Harmonics in Music.
In ancient Indian Science the Tattvas are an aspect of Reality highly comparable to the Classical Elements and the Worldviews.
The Tattvas are the five modifications of the Great Breath a harmonic wave called the Svara..
Tatvas Blue is the Moon, in the cener the Cosmic Egg.
Part 9: ABout the Future of Engineering.
Part 10: About Cycles
When you want to predict the future you can make use of cycles.
Every cycle has a unique Cycle-Time and contains (or is part of) other cycles.
There are cycles related to the price of oil but there are also cycles that are related to a country or a Cultural Identity (“western europe”).
There are very short cycles (“Clock-Cyle of your PC) or cycles we are unable to measure.
The longest cycle of Humanity is the Cycle of the Precession of the Equinox.
This cycle was known a very long time ago and could be deduced by observing the recurring of the Pole Star.
Shaman believe that the Hole in the Sky is an entrance to another World (our Parallel Universe). They called this hole Jacobs ladder.
Jacobs ladder was implemented in a Zigurat (a Step-Tower containing 7 steps)) called the Tower of Babel.
Dante and the Tower of Bable.
The Magi’s of Heliopolis knew about the precession-cycle and made sure that the state of Egypt was aligned to the right Star.
This star was also connected to the (secret) Horus)Name of the Pharao.
The system of measurement of space was at that time related to the measurement of time. Every piece of the pyramid represented a step in time.
Daily Time measurement was related to the Sun Cycle. The unit of measurement (foot) was all over the world the same and related to the duration of the Precession Cycle.
The Standard of Measurement of Distance was changed after the French Revolution when the unit became the metre.
The standard of Time became decimal (based on 10 hours in a day) and was measured by a mechanical device, a clock .
The major steps in the Precession Cycle were the movements of the constellations of the Zodiac.
They predicted major changes and the major changes were also implemented in society by rhe Priests.
At this moment we are moving into the Age of Aquarius related to the dominance of “flow systems” (electricity, Internet, Logistics).
flow system
A major detailed analysis can be done with the Economic Kondratiev Cycle.
This cycle with a cycle time of 52 years is divided in “Seasons” where the UP is called Summer and the Down Winter. Kondratiev Winter started at the year 2000.
When I researched the Kondratiev Cycle I discovered that there is a fifth season often called Indian Summer. or Womens Summer, Gypsy Summer, Poor mans summer or Summer of the Geese.
The Goose is a symbol of harmony.The Goose game is an old game that simulates Life.
It is the season of the Center with the “color” white where Winter (Blue) and Summer (Red) are in equilibrium.
The 2nd picture below shows the Bahktin Cycle of (Western) culture with a cycle-time 5x the Kondratiev Cycle Time (= 5×52 = 260).
Cycles always move through the same five steps. The steps carry different names but all have the same focus, tattva (Thatness), worldview, perspective or season.
In the picture below you see how cycles modulate on other cycles. What you also see is different names for the same perspectives of POC and how a Pentacle outside creates a Pentacle inside when the connectors are connected.
Cycles modulate on other cycles and modulate on other cycles etc. The Peaks (UP)and Downs of the Cycle are classified by the Worldviews of Paths of Change (See Colors).. The Cycle of Erope based on Bahktins design based on his analysis of many “important” parts of literature. The Color of the parts of the Cycle are the Colors of Paths of Change. PoC projected on Aarde (Earth) using Dutch words. India Geest <-> Spirit, China <-> Geheel Whole. Islam, Samen<->Together, US Red Intensit
in the Picture upside you see how Islam is triggering the US by being extremely socialto the people who are part of the same tribe and much more important why China is the (new or old) center of the World.
The new center China was predicted a long time ago in the Dreams of Wolfgang Pauli (the creator of Quantum Physics QF) who were analyzed by Gustav Jung.
Pauli explained JUng that the concepts of QF where given to him by Robert Fludd an old English Alchemist who created the Theater the Globe, which was a model of the Harmonic Universe for the plays of William Shakespeare who probably was Francis Bacon who was the initiator of the Enlightment.
Robert Fludds Model of The Globe The Theater for William Shakespear (Francis Bacon) based on the Harmonic Universe of Kepler.Atlas carries the Harmonic Universe.of Kepler.
The central set of “harmonies” was the musica universalis or “music of the spheres,” which had been studied by Pythagoras, Ptolemy and many others before Kepler; in fact, soon after publishing Harmonices Mundi, Kepler was embroiled in dispute with Robert Fludd, who had recently published his own harmonic theory.
Part 10.1: About Technology Cycles.
In this part two pictures out of a Powerpoint Presentation are added that are also part of my PDF-document about The history of the Cycles. They proved to me how powerful the theory of the cycles is.
When you know about the cycles the only thing you have to do is fill in the blanks which means mapping the classification to a terminolology/dialect people of your audience understand.
The theory becomes much more interesting when you understand that it is also possible to generate software out of the cycles.
A Picture of The Kondratiev Cycle Modulated on the Bahktin Culture Cycle. Interesting to see is that the Sixties were a conjunction of two phases with the same focus Creativity. In 2040 there is a “white” conjunction.on there levels!The Technology Cycle moves from Creative technology (text, pictures, ..) to collaborative technology to a global infrastructure (white) named Global Brain.
Part 10.3. 2000My first ReflectionWe are controlled by our Own Creation.
Around 2000 I was asked to write a part of a book that was created to celebrate the anniverary of SMO (Stichting Maatschappij en Onderneming), a Think Tank of the Dutch employers.
My part became a reflection of my education (mathematics) and my job (IT-manager at a big bank).
At the end I concluded that Global IT was moving into a new autonomous state.
We are not programming new systems but the systems are programming us.
Just as Frankenstein, the Old Jewish story of the golem, we are fighting our own creation of an artificial human (the Robot).
Part 10.4About Type Theory and CLEAN:.Software is a Mathematical Function.
In 1985 I met the creators of a new Programmming Language called Clean .
Clean is called a Functional Programming (FP) language and uses a mathematical concept called a type.
Type theory tries to solve Russels Paradox a philosophical problem that is created when you use something that contains itself. This causes infinity regress.
Russels Paradox also happens when you define that systems contain systems, a problem Kent Palmer tries to solve by defining a Meta-System or a Scape.
I decided to introduce CLEAN at ABN AMRO but the introduction failed for the simple reason that most of the IT-people were not mathematicians but trained in Business Administration (Bedrijfskunde).
This was a problem that the famous Dutch Computer scientist Edsger Dijkstra already forsaw in 1969.
The problem shows itself currently in the very low quality of software.
The software-body-immune-system does not work.
It becomes sick when it is attacked by software-viruses.
Clean is not called clean for nothing. It is highly reliable and immune to external attacks.
That is also the reason why FP is successful currently.
CLEAN Has many competitors now. like Erlang, Lexifi and Haskell. Read success-stories here.
Srep 10.5 : About Not-Destructable (Anti-Fragile) Ecologies
Two years ago I have tried to connect the concept of Anti-Fragility of Nassim Taleb to two theories. `
I used Paths of Change (PoC) as an intermediairy connecting theory.
In the end I found a well known pattern the Moebius Ring again.
Please read this blog when you want to read a comprehensive (i hope) story.
In the picture below you see three connected moebius rings (called a Panarchy-cycle) in which a PoC-cycle (Yellow-creative), (Blue, Order, (Red, Action), (green, Emotions, Value) takes place.
In every “jump” the cycle-timespeeds up or slows down.
. All systems exist and function at multiple scales of space, time and social organization, and the interactions across scales are fundamentally important in determining the dynamics of the system.
The panarchy framework connects adaptive cycles in a nested hierarchy.
There are potentially multiple connections between phases of the adaptive cycle at one level and phases at another level.
Two significant connections are labeled ‘revolt‘ and ‘remember‘.
The smaller, faster, nested levels invent, experiment and test, while the larger, slower levels stabilize and conserve accumulated memory of system dynamics.
In this way, the slower and larger levels set the conditions within which faster and smaller ones function.
Every level is organized in a four phase cycle of birth, growth and maturation, death and renewal. That cycle is the
engine that periodically generates the variability and novelty upon which
experimentation depends.
As a consequence of the periodic, but transient phases of destruction and reorganization the structure and
processes can be reorganized.
This reshuffling allows for the establishment of new system configurations
and opportunities for the incorporation of exotic and entirely novel entrants
into the system.
The adaptive cycle explicitly
introduces mutations and rearrangements as a periodic process within each
hierarchical level in a way that partially isolates the resulting experiments,
reducing the risk to the integrity of the whole structure.
The theory of Panarchy is a result of long during intensive research by Holling and Gunderson.
Panarchy is based on researching the practice of a natural ecology but because we, humans, are also part of nature (which we often forget)the theory is also applicable to us.
What you see is that we (humans) often revolt (for instance by starting a big fire) and dont believe that the total ecology (including us) moves to a very dangerous state and becomes highly unstable.
What we also dont see is that many ecologies are resilient and move back (“remember“) to an old state (nature restores itself) we dont like because we want to build a lot of stone houses and roads all connecting the houses creating a big city which acts like a big organism.
What we don’t understand is that we are often saved by the bell by the forces of nature.
What we also dont see is that we want to fight nature because we believe that we (engineers) are able to create our own nature.
The big problem is that most engineers don’t take the time to understand nature and that we could accomplish a lot by copying her (is nature a female?).
If you want to be in tune with nature entrain with nature.
To understand what entrain means move to the next step of this part.
Panarchy. Model works on 3 levels of abstraction. The colors are related to PoC. . Panachy in 3D. The cycle is a Moebius Ring floating in 3D Space where 3 lines (variables) coordinate called connectedness ( Social in PoC), Resilience, a result of two worldviews Mythic(an Event, Idea) and Unity (patterns) and Weath (Values). The Product Panarchy Cycle.
The interesting part of the Theory of Fiske is that its model looks like Paths of Change and mathematicians have found a relationship between this model and the mathematical theory of scales (“a staircase”) we use to measure our outside world.
The model of Paths of Change (PoC) is with the usual colors is mapped on a spiral. and related to four community-types.
Fiske detected that we measure (“feel“, with our emotions) our social relations with the same tools we measure our outside world we “see” with our senses.
The Human Relations Model of ALan Fiske with PoC colors.The Scales of Measurement map to the Relationship-types.
Each of the elementary models resembles one of the classic scale types from measurement theory.
Communal Sharing resembles a nominal scale. A nominal scale is classifying things into categories.
Authority Ranking resembles an ordinal scale in which items are ranked.
Equality Matching resembles an interval scale insofar as one can measure the degree of inequality in a social relationship using equal intervals so as to judge how to correct the imbalance.
It is by use of such a scale that people in an Equality Matching interaction can specify how much one person owes another.
However, an interval scale cannot be used to express a ratio because it has no absolute zero point.
For example, the zero point on the Celsius scale is not absolute so one cannot say that 20 degrees is twice as warm as 10 degrees while on a Kelvin scale because the zero point is absolute one can express ratios.
Given that Market Pricing is the application of ratios to social interactions, it resembles a ratio scale such as the Kelvin scale.
One cannot, for example, meaningfully speak of the maximization of utility without presupposing some sort of ratio scale for measuring utility. Maximization would correspond to 100 percent.
Part 10.6About Black Swans and Dragon Kings.
Below you see what happens when a major event (‘A Black Swan“) hits a community (or an Eccology).
When the event is not too big the ecology resists the event and stays the same.
An example could be a Dike to resist a flood.
When the ecology is resilient it returns to its old state.
It is also possible that the parts of the ecology (mostly organisms) make a new combination and perform the same process in a different order.
In the last case a completely new combination appears that gives us (the humans) the impression that the ecommubity has innovated.
THis a Powerpoint that contains the Ant-fragile-model trtranslated in PoC (see colors). What is anti-fragile? It is a jump out of a Moebius-pattern where the Fusion takes place of many divers parts comparable to the creation of the multi-cellar organisms for example the Sponge. The pattern is a Moeibius Ring and starts with Green (Social Community) to Blue (Order) and tries to find balance. Read the Blog about Anti-Fragility and you will see how this picture maps to Panarchy and the Model of Fiske. Sponge
A city is a system that contains connected houses (bodies that are holes connected to holes) that are connected by roads (Transport tubes, lungs). A city looks like an organism. It is a super organism or even better a meta organism.
Is an engineer like the Ant in part 4?
A city is a flow system. Our Lungs are a Flow System.
A River Delta is a Flow System.
Cities grow like organisms. Organisms consume other organisms,
Are engineers who are participating in the building industry participating in the growth of the system or are they in control?.
Remember that I stated the same theory when I wrote about the Software Industry (and hardware is software) in Chapter 10.
The city of Paris is a flow System.Our lungs look like a River Delta.
The energy consumption of organism and the super-organisms including the cities follow the law of kleiber.
The law of Kleiber
By 2030, over 60% of the world’s population – nearly five billion people – will be living in an urban area.
between the year 2000 and 2030 new construction (infrastructure as well as building) will double all existing construction.
IPCC predicts that $20T will be spent in energy infrastructure from 2006 to 2030.
This new construction is fueling an unprecedented increase of infrastructure especially in energy generation to support and maintain the new growth.
This additional capacity to generate energy is adding to emissions directly through construction and indirectly through an increase in transportation, and most importantly in affluence with its unbounded consumption patterns.
MexicoCity.
Furthermore, substantial construction will be needed in order to replace what is destroyed or abandoned due to the consequences of world climate change.
ASIT is about transforming the Box people use when they want to think Out of the Box.
ASIT generates the right tension to push the mind to fuse the contradiction a problem represents.
TRIZ was created by the Russian researcher Genrich Altshuller in 1946. He researched patents and found that every innovation solves a specific Contradiction.
TRIZ makes it possible to reuse an innovative solution in a different problem.
TRIZ Connects Contradictions which is a contradiction by itself.
The Thesis of Roni Horowitz contains a lot of historical material about the science of Creativity and Engineering.
It shows that the best way to innovate is Stepwise Improvement until the process completely fails.
When you fail you are open to the story of people who succeeded after a failure.
I found Roger when I was asked by the Dutch Ministry of Education to search for a new approach.
I came back with a plan to produce educatiobal games and found the people who were able to make these games. .
At that time Roger was the founder of the Institute for the Learning Sciences in Chicago. I introduced him to people in the Netherlands. We got funding to build an educaional game based on life stories connected to Addiction.
The science of creativity started when the ex nihilo problem(creating (something out of nothing) was replaced by a proces of tranformation from something into something.
Creative ideas do not come into being out of nothing, but involve the restructuring of known elements.
creativity first seen as a rule-breaker that could not be part of a rule-making practice called science became a process of divine Inspiration that appeared when the scientist was Dreaming (or in Trance) the result of an unknown-part that was already known called the consciousness being an activity of the observer.
The Evolution Theory of Darwin made scientists recognize that complex, highly esthetic and efficient creations can result from relatively Simple Rule-Governed Mechanisms.
This helped freeing researchers from the need to resort to God as a necessary condition for the Act of Creation.
Creation happens when the two parts of a contradiction (called a Bisociation by Koestler) Fuse and produce Positive energy (enthusiasm, enjoyment, originally used as “possesed by a God, probably the Holy Ghost, Spirit, Inspired) .
The disjunct parts are conneced by an Analogy (something looks like something else) or a Metaphor(mapping, function).
George Lakoff detected that most of the Culture-Independent metaphors are embodied.
They are felt by the felt-sense an Inner BodilyAwareness discovered by Eugene Gendlin that can be used to detect the change that is needed by the Human.Body to keep its state of Autopoiesis (Self-Reproduction)
Thomas Kuhn defined the concept of the paradigm a long lasting Stable Pattern that is used as a foundation of science.
Paradigms change suddenly (a Shift) mostly because of an Event(a Catastrophe).
This shift can be predicted by the Cycles (see Chapter 10). and the theory of Self-organized-criticallity. which uses the mtaphor of the sandpile.
Ideas/Concepts jump over like a virus from Person to Person. The jump occors when people are copying others.Copying occurs when people synchronize.
A jumping idea is called a Meme(invented by Richard Dawkins (RD) based on the concept of a gene (RD wrote the book the Selfish Gene). The concept of the meme is taken over in Internet Marketing
Innovation is always the result of a new combination of old ideas.
The Link with the Title Cybernetics for the 21st Century.lcontains an interview with the Hong Kong Philosopher Yuk Hui who is trying to solve the same puzzle Kent Palmer is trying to solve.
Yuk Huy researches recursivity (“fracrals, see pictures below) and is trying to find a new place for Chinese Philosophy.
Yuk Huy is like Kent Palmer interested in Heidegger the creator of Phenomenology, (see chapter 5).
Heidegger believed that technology changes the Greek way of ‘helping something to come into being’ to‘forcing something into being’.
Technology is comparable to child-birth and therefore starts with the conception of an idea (concept) which is a fusion of a fe-male egg and a male seed bing a contradiction.
Technology reveals the world as raw material with the danger that , humans will also interpret themselves as raw materials (“human resources”) and become enslaved to their own tools.
Borgmann shows that technology replaces experiences such as milking of a cow, the search for and burning of wood by a device, a heating machine controlled by a service interface that makes it possible to control an invisible mechanistic infrastructure that has replaced an “organistic” world.
The expirience of building a fireplace filled with wood that is collected in the wood transforms in a thermometer that controls a heater that is connected to a tube that produces gas that is connected to a gasfield that is made by drilling in the ground etc etc.
Killing a human is done by a soldier who believes he/she is playing a computer game but is in reality is operating a drone.
According to Borgmann Our Current Technology is transforming Reality into Virtual Reality.
Part 14:0 About Cybernetics, the science of feedback,
Heidegger called Cybernetics the successor of philosophy.
Cybernetics comes from the Greek cybernḗtēs “steersman, governor, pilot,
Cybernetics, the Art of Steering is about having a Goal (Unity in PoC) and taking Action (Sensory) to achieve that goal. Knowing (Sensing) whether you have reached your goal (Evaluate/Social)requires “feedback”
Teedback can be divided in positive (amplifies change) and negative feedback (reduces change)..
Cybernetics, the Art of Steering, moved from its first order (machines, circular causal processes) to the second order (living systems, observer, self reproducing (autopoietic) ) to the thirth order (social systems). and even a fourth order. in which “thinking(cognitive) -machines” (Artificial Intelligence) are introduced.
Cybernetics has a lot in common with the work of Escher.The art of Escher represents a model of the Universe later developed by Roger Pensose. The same model can also be found Islamic Art.
Every step in cybernetic order increases the complexity (amount of parts (wholes) relations and types of connections) of the system and makes the system less understandable although the system appears (emergence) as a whole.
Molecular Machines.operate in the Body.
In the end Cybernetics is the science of machines although the machines, could be build by humans, collaborate with humans work in our human body or even look like Gods.
A Viable System is a Recursive Cybernetic System that copies the Human Being.
Symbolic Forms can be seen in Myths Metaphor and (Abstract (Science & Mathematics) ) Symbols and Concepts and are a part of Art and Science. Ernst Cassirer shares his theories with Joseph Campbell (the Monomyth) and Carl Jung.(Archetypes).
JUngs pupil von Franz wrote about the symbols behind Numbers. Nunez & Lakoff wrote about the Metaphors behind Mathematics.
TheEgyptian (and other) Gods represented Concepts. just as the Angels in the Hierarchy of Heavens.
Art is a representation of “reality”. To make the right impression on the right senses (ye, ear, skin, ..) all kinds of techniques (for instance colored points to generate a picture) are used rhat changed in time.
At the End of Art the artists believed that the only aestheticArtwork is created by Nature itself or by Coincedence ).
Marcel Duchamp believed that “The Observer Makes the Picture. Duchamps made an end to Fine Art and started other ways to Make something called Meta-Art.
Meta-Art generates possibilities (sometimes made by an algorithm) and makes it possible for the spectator to choose or to guide the process of design to another stage of a needed evolution.
Meta Art was introduced to me by Remco Scha, a friend of Eric Vreedenburgh.
Remco developed an Art Generator that was able to generate all kinds of Styles.
The generator was connected to a configurator that was able to generate possible building-designs.
I used Meta-Art to develop a new Strategy for ABN AMRO.
In this process we used the metaphor of the Medieval City to create a new Architecture based on the idea that every New system is a potential Legacy System.
What we found out is that the Context of the surrounding old systems determines the architecture of the new systems.
The many different architectures in an old city force an architect to create, to copy or to fuse.
The focus on the View of the Observer was the cause of Relativity-theory.
Propositions, can be related to the Objects to which they Refer, the Subjects who Utter them, or to OtherPropositions.
The Theory of the Proposition is Caught in a Circle of Connections.Propositions Make Sense of an Eventcalled a Fact that are a Sense-Act of an Individual translated in aSpeech-ACt. Sense is Produced out of Elements that do not have a Sense.Is Life a Joke?
Interaction Ritual Erving Goffman.
Erving Goffman was the Perfect Observer who found out Why and How People are Framed and How we Deceive Our Selves .
Erving Gffman About the Tole we PLay.
The Speed of the Moving View of the Observer being the Speed of Light became the Limit of Speed just as the Limit of Temperature (0 degree Kelvin) became the limit of movement being the door to the Nothing now called the vacuum.
Perfect Stilness, Just the hissing sound of the popping up Virtual Particles but where do these particle come from? Nothing full op potential still governed by the rules pf Physics that are governed by the rules of Mathematics that are bootstrapped out of botstrapped things that create each-other. The bubbles of the cosmic teapot.
Synestetic Art
At the Royal Academy I was asked to participate in a project aimed at recreating Synestetic(multi-sensory) Art.
Many artists at the Turn of the Century (Edvard Munch, Piet Mondriaan, Paul Klee, René Magritte, Vincent van Gogh), participated in the experiments at that time.
Mondriaan tried to combine Music (JAZZ) and Painting. This painting contains an improvisation in patterns of color and form.
16:0 About Webs.
DNA contains the code for a configurator of orgamisms. The Human DNA has a lot in common with the DNA of Trees.
Research shows that Treescommunicate with otherTtrees and humans (using pheromones) using a network called a Rhizome. Trees are a symbol of a Hierarchic structuremoving UPconnected to a Network (Web) going Down.
The Wood-Wide-Web: shows how Trees communicate:
In a Thousand Plateaus of Deleuze and Guatari the rhizome is a metaphor for a body being an assemblage of machines producing desire that organize themselves in non-hierarchical communication and transport network in which each connection leads to another connection.
The First Programmable Device was the Jacquard Loom which could be programmed with punched cards to produce Patterns in Cloth (a Wearable Web) being Woven by Machines.
The World-Wide-Web started as a telecomunication-Network of computers is a result of a Technological Solution to prevent a fallout of the world-wide-communication–network by a big catastrophe (Nuclear-Bomb). Every message is able to reach its destination.
The Citation-list connected to a Scientific Document was mapped by Tim Berners Lee to this Network and became a Semantic network that slowly grows into a Gobal Brain.
Fritjof Capra The Web of Life: To create a theory of living Systems one has to fuse the organic the inorganic, the living the nonliving, mind and matter.
Life is a Connected Patterned process.Life is a Flow of Energy FromHigh (Sun) to Low (organism).
Fritsjof Capra The Web of Life
Leaonard Suskind Why the World is a Hologram.
When you Eliminate everything that is impossible the truth remains.
Leaonard Suskind, a theoretical hysicist, explains how a Volume of Space can be Projected on a lower-dimensional Boundary(A Wall).
Two movingObservers are communicating while one of them moves into a Blackhole and moves too fast for Communication to take place but Information is nNEVER destroyed in our Universe.
Physics is a Thought Experiment in which Boundaries are Crossed.
Spiders web
Part 17:0: About Mathematics
Mathematics is about Changing a Perspective on Patterns.
Norman WildbergerA Briljant Teacher of Mathematics:
The History of Mathematics.
When I finished High School in 1969 I started with a new Combination (named S4) of a Master in Chemistry, Physics and Mathematics in combination with an intensive laboratory training. At that time I did not know that S4 was created to select scientists for Shell Labs in Amsterdam.
To me Chemistry was a CookBook and Mathematics was an Experience of Beauty caused by an Act of Pure Imagination (Seeing).
I decided to go on with Mathematics (and Informatics) and followed every Course I could and had to follow including Philosophy, Signal Theory (in Delft) Numerical Mathematics, Combinatorics, and Psychology (to become a teacher). I became fascinated by Topology.and Language Theory (Chomsky, Compilers).
One of the interesting Combinations of Philosophy and Mathematics was Brouwer.He created a theory called Intuitionistic logic.
Brouwer based his insights on Buddism just like his follower Henk Barendregt.
Brouwer wanted to combine Life, Art, and Mysticism(the title of his dissertation).
At this moment Brouwer is seen as a highly Infuential mathematician.
Many new developments in Science including the Meta-lanuage theory of George Lakoff share the same insight.
When Brouwer became a Professor in Amsterdam and a wel-known Name he got into conflict with the Magister of Mathematics at that time David Hilbert. Hilbert defined a list of 23 unsolved problems in 1900. There are still two problems left that are probably unresolvable.
This video shows that it is possible to solve a highly complex problem by Detecting the Pattern in the process of Solving the problem when the complexity is increased.
The Erlangen Program of Klein Simplified by introducing a different View.
Brouwer started the subject of meta-mathematics that ended with the Self-Refencial proof of Godel that shows that Mathematics is unable to look in its ownMirror. The only thing that is left as a Foundation is PARADOX.
We are Caught in our own Consciousness. The only question is who are We or will be the Others. Are they Gods or Machinesof our own Making.
About the Mathematics of PARADOX
About Nominalisation.
Category Theory was invented by S. Eilenberg and S. MacLane in 1945, with the aim of giving a precise, mathematical formulation of the idea of a “Natural Correspondence“.
Eugenia Cheng: Category Theory for Art Students.
Category Theory contains Objects (Noun), and Functors (Verb, Mapping, Function). The nouns live in an Abstract Conceptual World , a Platonic World of `Forms, a Mental and a Physical World. Nouns are fixated (stopped) verbs (a movie) created by nominalising the name of the verb. (A noun is a a Verbing).
A short Seminar about Category Theory related to Topos Theory.
In Category TheoryFunctions are MathematicalTheories.
Jacob Lurie About Shapes (Topology) and Transformations of Shapes (Homotopy)
Protogoras, an early Greek Philosopher, was a teacher of culture (how to Speak and Reason). Protagoras’ss claim is that, “All Things is the Measure of Man meaning that everything is relative to IndividualExperience, Judgement, and Interpretation.
According to Plato behind Man there is a World of Forms (abstract Ideas connected to the Mind) that contain the Essence. What we Experience is a Projection of the Forms.
Aristotle, a pupil of Plato, believed that the only thing that is real, is Matter the Material cause we exprience as Resistance.He also created a Theory (“a Formal Cause) about Causality. By questioning the Cause behind the cause (“a Process“) until Infinity the Primal Agent (Primal Cause), “God” was found.
According to ImmanuelKant the Projection between tReality and The Concepts of the Mind has to be Reasonable (PossibleNeccesary Provable (According to the “Rules of Logic), Understandable.
According to Heideggerwe are only able to understand an outside world with a Mind that is part of a Body that gives us a Reference-Frame. This started the Scientific movement called Embodiment we already saw in the work of the MathematicianBrouwer (Intuitive Logic) the Linguist Lakoff (Metaphors) and the Psychologist Gendlin (Felt Sense).
According to Merleau Ponty we are Entangled with our Twin the OutsideWorld unable to Cut us loose.
According to Samual Todes Our Senses look with PredefinedConcepts in Mind. We See what we Want to See. Sometimes we See and don’t understand. When we explore we try to find a favorable Point of View. Sometimes we have to get a better Grip to examine the Object.Sometimes we have to Move (Movement = Emotion, Motivation) to come Closer and see the Details.
When we encounter a particular Object we Classify it with a Familiar Concept (“Looks Like a ChairThis is the way of Kant) or we Point at the Object and Utter a Familiar Sound (“Sitting“?).
According to Micheal Taussig Humans are just like Animals experts in copying (Mimesis). Our Aeroplanes look like Birds. We make Pictures and Paintings. We Play with Models of Trains We love to ware the Cloth of Kings and Magisters and want to Look Like a Famous Person. . The Copies are always Inferiror to the Original but also give us the opportunity to Imagine something much Better.
truth” is not a matter of Correspondence, but rather of Coherence.
The School of Athens (Rafael) shows that Plato (Left Pointing UP) and Aristotle (Right, Pointing Down) refer to two Opposing Worlds, the World of the Mind, Forms, Ideas, Concepts) and the World of the Senses (Matter) both connected to a Body.
The French Philosopher Gilles Deleuze is not interested in a UniformTheory of Everything but in Diffrence in itself. What Lmits are there and What can we Do with all the different TheoriesConcepts en Experiences. We have to Prevent Repetition of the Same.
The Verification of Science is highly dependent on Technology.
Engineers and Scientists have created many Material Things (Cars, Roads, Trains Weapons, Earoplanes, Electicity, Plastcs) that are polluting or destroying Nature.
The main reason is that Engineers don’t take the Meta-System (Ecology, Context) of their Creation into account.
To find out that is behind/insideNature we DestroyNature by Opening the Body (Whole to see the Organs (Parts)), SmashingParticles (CERN, Whole) to find smaller Elementary Particles (Part). Every Time we Dig Deeper or look Higher the same Patterns appear (See Introduction, Fractals).
Part 19:Magic is a Technology.
Part19.0 : Stephen Skinner: About Egyptian Magic He shows you how to get into a fruitful relationship with high and low Spirits.
About Ecology and the Paranormal. How Spirits of NatureComunicate with us.
About PAranomal Research for the US Army.
When I was a young boy ghosts appeared in my room. When I was a student many of my friends experimented with a Qui/Ja-board and talked with deceased people who explained many things we could verify in the archives of the City of Leiden. When my Kundaliny was risen I met many “gods” who came in my room. One of them was a beautiful (black) Women (ISIS?). I “helped” the people of OKRA to get in contact with the Spirit of Athens. To me ESP has ben very real and it was a major Drive to Research Physics, Mathematics, Ancient Belief Systems. It also gave the opportunity to meet comparable people all over the World. I also read a lot of books written by Channels like Seth(Jane Roberts) and The Law of One, (the Ra Material) that explain the many Levels off Existence.
Part 20: About RhetoRics and Music.
About Music and Rhetorics.
Rhethorics is the Science of Persuation that was mapped to Music in the Baroque. encouraged by the Catholic Church as a means to cCounter the Simplicity and Austerity of Protestant Architecture, Art and Music.
Rhetorics provides heuristics for understanding,discovering, and developingarguments for Aristotle’s three Persuasive audience appeals:logos, Pathos, and Ethos.
Rhethorics was a major part of the Curriculum of the Medieval University.
The Curriculum of the Medieval University was based ontheModel of the Universeof that time.
An important part of Rhetorics was the Art of Memory in which the Memory was connected to training of the Imagination by remembering a Memory Palace. The Art of Memory was a (secret) training in Magic. When this was discovered the trainee was Burned by the Inquisition.
Part 21: ABout Architecture.
Christopher Alexander: About Patterns in the Architecture of Building Applied to (Software) Patterns in Computer Systems. What is the contribution of Software to the Quality of Life.
Quality Without a Name.
in his Book The Timeless Way of Building Christopher Alexander’ introduced the “Quality Without a Name.” Whether it is in a poem, or a man, or a building full of people, or in a forest, or a city, everything that matters stems from it. It embodies everything.Yet still this quality cannot be named”
Until the rise of the Specialized Architects Architecture was controlled by a Culture controlled concept of Quality and Crafmanschip.
The Builders of the Cathedrals knew how to build (and design) Cathedrals from a Tradition that was handed over from Father to Sun.
The Cathedrals were Memory Palaces that contained all the Wisdom of thousands of years projected on a Geometric Structure with an “index” in the form of a Spiral in the aligned to the setting of the Sun , the Moon and the Galaxy placed on a Cross of Leylines.
Every Point in the spiral pointed to a Story in Stone and Glass.
Spirals in Chathedrals points to windows that contain the appropriate Wisdom Story
In the Nature of Order Alexander writes about Centers. “those particular identified sets, or systems, which Appear within the Larger Whole abecause they have noticeable distinctness, which makes them Separate Out from their Surroundings“. Life is created by small, Incremental changes that Preserve Structure.
In the Luminous GroundAlexander breaks away from the Mechanical Model were buildings or neighborhoods are Assemblages of technically generated, InterchangeableParts.
He shows that a spiritual, emotional, and personal basis must underlie every Act of Building or Making.
Robert Pirsig was convinced that Quality and Quantum Mechanics are the same issue. He wrote a second book (Lila)) about it and called this type of Quality “Dynamic Quality. Quality is Constrained by the Intellect (Theory) and Social Patterns (Culture) and Bubles Up out of the Vacuum.
Kent Palmer is trying to include Schema Theory in a new book of Len Troncale about Systems Sciences. In the document above he introduces Robert Rosens book AboutLife Itself.
A few citations: “In order to be in a position to say what life is, we must spend a great deal of time in understanding what life is not.
Thus, I will be spending a great deal of time with mechanisms and machines, ultimately to reject them, and replace them with something else.
This is in fact the most radical step I shall take, because for the past three centuries, ideas of mechanism and machine have constituted the very essence of the adjective ‘scientific’; a rejection of them thus seems like a rejection of science itself.”
“Physics as we know it today is, almost entirely, the science of mechanism, and mechanisms, as I argue, are very special as material systems.
Biology involves a class of systems more general than mechanism.
In fact the relative positions of physics and biology become interchanged; rather than physics being general and biology special, it becomes more the other way around.” (xvii)
“My subject matter herein is… a duality,between ‘hard’ science and ‘soft’ science, between quantitative and qualitative, between ‘exact’ and ‘inexact.’
This duality is not to be removed by any kind of tactical accommodation, by any superficial effort of conciliation or ecumenicism…. It is thus not a matter of logical argumentation or persuasion that is involved here; it is a matter more akin to religious conversion.”
“In the sciences this dichotomy between qualitative and quantitative rests on (generally unrecognized) presuppositions about the nature of material reality and on how we obtain knowledge about it.
These presuppositions themselves have formal, mathematical counterparts, which allow us to reflect this scientific dualism into an exactly parallel one that exists within mathematics itself.”
Rosen posits that life is a material system closed to efficient causation. More precisely (and there is a subtle difference here), he claims that “a material system is an organism if, and only if, it is closed to efficient causation.”
In arriving at this conclusion, he draws parallels between Aristotle’s three traditional categories of causation — material (Made out of matter, parts) , efficient (By a Process) , (and formal — and three mathematical counterparts axioms (Parts), production rules (process) , and specific algorithms/ programs (Design) .
It all started with Wolfgang Goethe who wanted to invent the Uhrplant, a model of the Essence of the Plant.
Goethe started the science of Morphogenesis, the science of the Forms. In this post I describe the history from Goethe to Alan Turing.
On Growth and Formby D’arcy Thompson is about the way the genesis of the forms of organisms can be described by structural transformations.
Nicolas Rashevsky, the Teacher of Rosen was inspired by D’arcy Thopnson. He wanted to invent the UhrOrganism. An organism is an organization seen as a set of relationships between functions.
The unity of life is revealed by the fact that one can pass from the representation of one living system to another not by structural transformations, but rather, more generally, by “functional transformations“.
Functions can be replaced by groups of functions—represented as subgraphs in the oriented graph of functions, called a .biotopological mapping.
From this it is a small step to Biological Types connected by Biological Functions. and a uniting Biological Category Theory. resulting in a Universal Biological Turing Machine.We are back to Turing again.
The Modeling Relation
Another important book of Robert Rosen is about AnticipatorySystems (AS).
These systems are different from Reactive Systems (RS) are defined by by System Analysis and Dynamic Systems.
A RS changes its State when it has detected a different situation (Context) by its Sensors. A RS needs a Memory to compare the different States.
An AS wants to stay in the Same State by defening a Trajectory that Avoidsconflicts.An AS contains a Predictive Model of Itself and its Environment.
An example of an AS is a Clock. A clock does not measure anything. Its OrganisationProduces Time and is always On Time.
Part 23:Conclusion.
It is time to conclude although the conclusion was already part of the introduction.
Perhaps the text written in between is a proof although I dont think I neeed a proof to show that current technology is able to destroy earth or is already destroying earth.
This blog contains many stories about the strange ways consciousness is intervening in human activities.
Some people who started to read this blog and saw a picture of an Angel called this blog not-rational/not-scientific/ something a person like me (a mathematician) should not write.
Please re-read the story of Jung and Pauli to see that the un-conscioussness has interfered in the life of a very rational person who seeked help to exlain his dreams.who were highly related to an old medieval Alchemist (Robert Fludd).
Pauli, who’s life was full of strange coincedences was informed by a concrete happening of a Chinese Fludd by a breaking Chinese vase about the Coming Power of the Chinese in our time.
““In April 24, 1948 the foundation of the C.G. Jung institute took place. When Pauli entered the room, a so-called Pauli effect occurred. Without any outer cause a Chinese vase fell onto the floor and the water poured out, resulting in a flood. Symbolically seen, we can say that this psychokinetic event was a Chinese water flood“.
“Pauli had begun to deal with the hermetic alchemist Robert Fludd, who wrote his name in Latin as Robertus de Fluctibus. Therefore, we can conclude that these two events belong to a Synchronicity, the psychic (inner) event of it consisting in the tension in Pauli concerning the disputebetween Johannes Kepler and Robert Fludd,”
Quantum Mechanics is showing the termendous power of the imagination of the mind of Wolfgang Pauli who needed help from a well known Psychiatrist Carl Jung who later needed help of his pupil Anne Marie Louise von Franz to solve the puzzle of Pauli.
The future iof Technology is no only related to the future of Mathematics but also the future of psychology and medicine and both are related to the future of Biophysics.
We will dream the future because the past is caused by the future but is also infuenced by the Future. Our future disasters will haunt us just as the Holocaust haunted the dreams of its victims.
I will not stop but i consider this version as finished.
Plwase come back at this point to learn more about what my dreams tell me.
It is now 25 june 2020 and I am still busy with an important Blog about the Future of the Constitutional State.
In version 2.4 I have moved all the book-keeping of this post to the end of this post.
.In version 2.3 I have finished Part 12.0, 13.0 en 14.0.
In version 2.2.. I have added Part 12.0 about Innovation and Creativity. Today (20-9-2019) I have opened Part 13.0 About the Philosophy of Technology, Part 14.0About Cybernetics and Part 15:0 About Meta(-Art.) .
Until part Part 1 this blog contains information that shows you the history of this blog. The blog starts at START BLOG.
I have started version 2.0 by completing a major part which is a comprehensive (with many links ) summary of a blog about anti-fragility. This part I called step 10.2.
In this part you learn about a very important theory about ecologies called Panarchy. I combine this stheory with the work of Alan Fiske about Human Ecologies. The most interesting part is the link of the theory of Alan Fiske with measurement theory.
We measure our relationships with our feelings and our relationships are ordered with the same model Paths of Change (PoC) uses.
PoC is a theory that is thousands of years old.
What is ANTI_FRAGILITY
Out of the Blog about Anti-Fragility also called Resilient, /Robust or even Undestructable I have used a part about entrainment which gives an explanation why processes and humans start to act the same (sychronize) ,
When Humans entrain they cause Hypes or bigger problems like a Depression. Currently a lot of people entrain on becoming rich.
Today (14-9-2019), starting with version 2.0 I will spend time to complete Part 11:Why Industries are Meta-Systems.In this part I reuse the blog Why are Cities Organisms which is an application of the Law of Kleiber What I will prove is that Meta-Industries are the cause of the destruction of Earth and that Engineers have to become Ecology-Managers.
Functional {rpgramming is just what Edsger Dijkstra wanted to accomplish, a mathematical pogramlanguage.
Ik heb rond 2010 op verzoek van IBM Labs meegewerkt aan de introductie van Watson in Nederland.
Watson heet nu GPT.
De presentatie die in deze blog wordt toegelicht heb ik gemaakt voor het Management van Parnassia, een grote organisatie in de GGZ.
De presentatie laat zien dat een simpel fractaal model dat Jung een Quaternio noemde en dat door Will McWhinney is uitgewerkt in zijn verander-aanpak Paths of Change een uitgebreid netwerk genereert dat ook nog is is terug te brengen tot slechts 1 contradictie in combinatie met “beweging” die beide modellen genereert waarbij de twee contradicties in de psychologie Agency en Xommunion worden genoemd die te vertalen zijn in Mannelijk (Agency) en Vrouwelijk )(communiën) en Yin en Yang , 0 en 1. waardoor ook oude Chinese en Indiase modellen soms voorzien van ingewikkelde mystieke taal simpel worden.
Dit is een Powerpoint-presentatie uit 2011 gemaakt om te laten zien hoe slimme hulpmiddelen zoals semantic mining, sensors en proces-management kan helpen om de processen in de gezondheidszorg te ondersteunen.
Er wordt gebruik gemaakt van Paths of Change (PoC) van Will McWhinney om het gebied in kaart te brengen.
Dit gebeurt stap voor stap waarbij er iedere keer een nieuwe (medische) functie wordt toegevoegd.
Aan het einde van de presentatie worden alle stappen samengevoegd in een Gezondheidsarchitectuur die zowel voor de lichamelijke als de geestelijke gezondheidszorg bruikbaar is.
Paths of Change past op Interpersonal Theory een psychologische theorie die de mens beschouwd als een interne en externe relatie.
Diagnose is een verband tussen waarnemen (Zintuigen (Sensors), Ervaring) en waarheid (Kennis). Op basis van de diagnose kun je acties ondernemen die allemaal passen op de algemene verbanden (de “paden”) in Paths of Change. De paden worden in het vervolg verder uitgewerkt.
Dit plaatje is bedoeld om de plek van Watson te introduceren. Watson maakt gebruik van Kennisbanken (een verzameling “waarheden”). Watson is toegespitst op de denkwijze van de specialist. De software doet een specialist na en geeft antwoorden op gestelde vragen.
Dit plaatje bevat een samenvatting van de werkwijze van Watson die door IBM DeepQA wordt genoemd. (QA staat voor Questions/Answers).
In de Diagnostiek worden de volgende aspecten van de Mens meegenomen.
Het is mogelijk om Watson (of een ander Semantisch Mining-tool) automatisch te koppelen aan een Proces-Bibliotheek waardoor er een Behandelplan kan worden gemaakt.
Aangezien er statistische methoden worden gebruikt ontbreekt vaak een menselijke verklaring van de uitkomst. Als het diagnose-hulpmiddel moet aansluiten bij een menselijke expert is dit van belang.
Het behandelplan kan worden gekoppeld aan een database met behandelaars.
en een netwerk met Ervaringsdeskundigen.
Op basis van (diepte)interviews met Ervaringsdeskundigen kan een levensloop-simulator worden gebouwd.
Een groot aantal (zo niet alle) meetinstrumenten van de arts kan worden vervangen door (draagbare) sensors, waardoor er als dat nodig is real-time kan worden gemeten.
Het plaatje geeft een globaal beeld aan van de ontwikkeling van de technologie de komende tien jaar.
De ontwikkelingen in de Medische Wetenschap kwamen in eerste instantie uit verbeterde diagnose (bijv. Rontgen etc) en verbeterde Chemische technologie (BioChemie, Farmacologie). Op dit moment is de BioPhysica aan de leiding. Die ziet de mens als een “Bio(Veld (Biofield). Chemische geneesmiddelen kunnen nu ook worden omgezet in velden.
Duidelijk mag zijn dat E/M-velden kunnen genezen maar ook ziekte kunnen veroorzaken (m.n. Immuunsysteem).
Het document is daarna gebruikt om een nieuwe (meer sociale) strategie voor de ABN AMRO te ontwikkelen.
Het document is later gebruikt als discussie-stuk toen er sprake was van het oprichten van een coordinerend Centrum voor Vitaliteit in Regio Leiden (Project 071).
Het centrum was bedoeld om lokale centra op te richten waarbij er aandacht werd besteed aan de samenhang tussen de geestelijke, lichamelijke, sociale en economische gezondheid van de mens in alle levensfasen.
Het project is volledig vastgelopen in de bureaucratie gestuurd vanuit de Hogeschool Leiden waar zelfs twee lectoren er hun tijd er in stopten.
Vitaliteit
Banken
Een Bank Typologie gebaseerd op PoC (let op de kleuren): Tot aan het begin van 19de eeuw heeft het bankwezen zich vooral geconcentreerd op vermogende bedrijven en de vermogende burger (i.h.a. ondernemers). De banken waren handelsbanken. Rond 1900 kwamen drie nieuwe bankvormen naar voren die zich gingen richten op de minder draagkrachtige (Giro & Postspaarbank, de Standaardbank), het Collectief (Raiffeisen, de Relatiebank) en het verstrekken van consumptief krediet (Pandjesbaas, Bank van Lening, de Consumptiebank). Deze laatste functie wordt nu vrijwel overal uitgeoefend door de Retail (Kopen op afbetaling).
Als laatste is een deel gebruikt als discussiestuk voor een Smart City-beleid in Den Haag (SUS: Smart Urban Space). Hier werd aangetoond dat Smart City niet alleen een besturingsmodel is maar dat net als bij de Vitaliteit het lichamelijke, het sociale en het creatieve van de mens een rol moet spelen in het “slim” aanwenden van Smart Technologie.
Stad
Het model van SUS (Smart Urban Space). Het bevat vier lagen . Het kruispunt is het Hart.
(1) de Urban Space waar de inwoners voorzien van een Persoonlijkheid gebaseerd op PoC de ruimte hebben
(2) De Sociale netwerken in de stad die volgens PoC zijn ingedeeld waarbij 1 netwerk (de community of Practice) zich toont als een bedrijf
(3) Een waardeketen gebaseerd op PoC en
(4) een Bestuur waarbij wederom PoC wordt gebruikt en waar duidelijk wordt dat Democratie een proces is waarin Geel (Visie, Creativiteit,) een grote rol speelt.
Aan de rechterkant staat verticaal weer een PoC-cycle waardoor het duidelijk wordt dat er hier sprake is van
PoC X PoC ( = (2×2) x (2×2)).
Slimme Stad
Set Point
Het kruispunt van alle verbanden is de Monitor, die het Systeem (hier de Stad) in balans houdt.
Een slimme stad is een combinatie van vier soorten steden met een monitor in het centrum. De viersoorten zijn de vier wereldbeelden van Paths of Change.
Een stad, “een verzameling verbonden mensen, is net als de mens zelf een organisme en is op zoek naar zelf-ontplooing, datgene wat in de genen al aanwezig is.
Het document is gebaseerd op de verander-methodiek Paths of Change (PoC) van Will McWhinney. De wereldbeelden van PoC hebben in dit document overal dezelfde kleuren: Blauw/Unity/Regels/Waarheid, Rood/Sensory/Waarnemen, Groen/Sociaal/Waarderen en Geel/Mythic/Verbeelden.
PoC maakt het mogelijk om met behulp van steeds hetzelfde model heel verschillende vraagstukken op te lossen zoals het inrichten van een Community of Practice.
PoC kan ook worden gebruikt om Geestelijke Problemen in kaart te brengen met behulp van de Interpersonal Theory.
Persoonlijkheid
Op dit moment heeft de bank de wijk verlaten en wordt de klant geacht gebruik te maken van geldautomaten en het Internet. Om dit waar te kunnen maken zijn de bankproducten gestandaardiseerd waardoor het autorisatieproces vrijwel automatisch en dus context-onafhankelijk plaatsvindt. Bankieren is niet meer een klantgedreven maar een datagedreven proces geworden.
Inmiddels is de overheid bezig om een groot deel van zijn sociale taken met aanmerkelijk minder geld over te dragen aan de stad die ze wijkgebonden maakt. De sociale taken van de overheid moeten dichter bij de burger worden gebracht en worden ondergebracht in een wijkcentrum of een winkelcentrum.
De traditionele kerken in Nederland krimpen omdat hun leden ouder worden en overlijden. Het diaconaat binnen de kerken houdt zich in zijn regio, meestal wijkgebonden, bezig met eenzamen, armen, zieken, werklozen en andere medemensen die een moeilijke tijd in hun leven doormaken. Door de krimpende kerk wordt de onbaatzuchtige hulp aan de medemens steeds minder.
Uit het diaconaat zijn vele organisaties ontstaan die dreven op giften, subsidies en vrijwilligers. Sommige van die organisaties, zoals ziekenhuizen en de ontwikkelingshulp zijn sterk geprofessionaliseerd en hebben zich van hun wortels losgemaakt. Ze worden nog steeds grotendeels uit het overheidsbudget bekostigd.
De bijdragen uit het overheidsbudget die richting deze organisaties gaan worden minder en moeten volgens de overheid net als vroeger worden gecompenseerd door sociaal ondernemerschap, giften en de inzet van vrijwilligers.
Om hun hoge vaste lasten te kunnen dragen moeten de meeste partners beiden werken waardoor ze weinig tijd over hebben voor kinderen en hun oudere ouders. De zorg voor de kinderen wordt overgelaten aan de kinderopvang en de school.
De zorg voor de ouderen is uitbesteed aan de gezondheidszorg. Ook hier lopen de budgetten terug en moet de burger zich als mantelzorger gaan inzetten voor zijn zieke familie, vrienden en buurtgenoten.
De zowel qua inzet als financiering krimpende sociale hulpverleningssystemen zijn in deze tijd van crisis juist meer nodig dan in de tijd van hoogconjunctuur.
De enige manier om dit probleem op te lossen is door een totaal nieuwe weg in te slaan. Die weg kan gevonden worden door moderne technologie te koppelen met medemenselijkheid.
2. Introductie Paths of Change): De Mens is een Relatie
Paths of Change ontwikkeld door Will McWhinney rond 1980 blijkt relaties te hebben met hele oude inzichten die allemaal zijn gebaseerd op de vierdeling die eigenlijk een 2×2 (x2,..)deling is die begint met de Dualiteit Contractie (versimpelen, inpakken) en Expansie )complex maken, uitpakken), die samen werden vergeleken met het proces van Ademhalen.
We beginnen bij de mens zelf. Een mens wordt gekarakteriseerd door zijn persoonlijkheid. Die persoonlijkheid is een combinatie van drie kenmerken, n.l.
(1) Richting Rotatie: Introvert/naar Binnen gericht, Linksdraaiend (<-) vs Extravert/naar Buiten, Rechtsdraaiend (->) gericht
(2) Afstand: Geheel/Observator Boven de Wereld vs Deel/Ervaren In de Wereld en
(3) Psychische Functie: De psychische functie wordt beschreven door twee variabelen die Agency (Besturing) en Communion (Verbinding) worden genoemd.
Ze vormen samen vier functies die ieder een andere richting op bewegen (bv. Geest, Naar Boven, Abstractie of Ziel, Naar beneden, Depressie, Aarde) en samen een richtingsvector bepalen die de mens als staande golf door de Tijd/Ruimte stuurt.
De persoonlijkheid van de mens is een relatie tussen deze twee functies in combinatie met de Draairichting en de Afstand.
De functies worden Geest/Ordenen/Waarheid, Lichaam/Waarnemen/Handelen (Sensory Motor Systeem), Spirit/Verbeelden en Ziel/Emoties/Waarderen/Samen, genoemd. Een combinatie tussen Verbeelding en Ordenen wordt een ontwerper genoemd.
Als er twee gelijke functies worden gekoppeld is de mens psychopathologisch. Het ordenen van het ordenen wordt bijvoorbeeld Paranoïde genoemd.
Beroep
John Holland ontdekte dat de persoonlijkheid sterk voorspellend is voor het beroep. Daardoor kunnen we met behulp van bovenstaand persoonlijkheidsinstrumentarium ook veel zeggen over bedrijfsculturen.
Met als mogelijke verklaring dat mensen de geschiedenis maken blijkt het ook mogelijk te zijn om het model van de persoonlijkheid te gebruiken om korte en lange cycli te beschrijven en te voorspellen.
3. Mens in Crisis
A model of the theory developed by psychiatrist Elisabeth Kübler–Ross suggests that we go through five distinct stages of grief after the loss of a loved one: Denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and finally acceptance.
De Life Event Scale van Holmes bevat de gebeurtenissen die de meeste invloed hebben op de mens. Deze gebeurtenissen kunnen meerdere van de psychische functies raken.
De psychische functies van de mens zijn tegendelen die elkaar aantrekken en afstoten. Het persoonlijkheidssysteem van de mens fluctueert daarom rondom een evenwichtspunt, het set-point genoemd. De krachten die tussen de verschillende onderdelen spelen en daarmee de bandbreedte van de golven zijn per mens verschillend. Sommige mensen (Kinderen, Ouderen, Zieken) zijn kwetsbaar.
Als een gebeurtenis een te hoge schok veroorzaakt reageert de mens in eerste instantie niet (freeze). Daarna volgt ontkenning en agressie (fight). Na een depressie begint men om de nieuwe situatie weer te waarderen, te exploreren en te accepteren.
De traumatische fase kan bij kwetsbare mensen vele jaren duren. In deze periode is men niet in staat tot productieve arbeid. Het is de kunst om extreme gebeurtenissen en de negatieve effecten daarop te voorkomen of te verhelpen. Dit kan gebeuren door therapie en verzekeren.
4. Sociale Netwerken zijn soms Sociaal
Mensen zoeken vergelijkbare mensen op en vergelijkbare mensen hebben vergelijkbare persoonlijkheden.
Aangezien persoonlijkheden erfelijk zijn vindt de meest voor de hand liggende koppeling plaats met familie en andere mensen die sterk (genetisch) op elkaar lijken. Dit wordt een Community of Affinity genoemd. De leden van Facebook vormen een dergelijk netwerk.
Linkedin is een hulpmiddel waar mensen hun interesses en inzichten delen (Community of Interest) en Wikipedia bevat gedeelde kennis (Kenniscentrum).
Ervaring ontstaat als mensen een fout maken en van deze fout leren. Een fout is een afwijking van een verwachtingspatroon. Een succesvolle vorm van ervaringsdelen is de zelfhulp-groep.
De sensory-motor component van de mens is expansief en is het complement (het tegendeel) van de ordelijke kant.
Terwijl de ordenende component steeds comprimeert (analyse) en daarmee de werkelijkheid versimpelt ontstaan er steeds weer nieuwe vormen van praktisch toegepast handelen die de werkelijkheid complexer maken. Netwerken waar ervaring wordt gedeeld worden een Community of Practice genoemd.
Als we naar de persoonlijkheidstheorie kijken zien we dat de deelnemers aan een Community of Affinity en een Community of Practice samenwerken terwijl ze in de andere netwerken als individu optreden.
Het concept van de coöperatie past perfect bij de sociale sociale netwerken.
De Communities of Practice leven niet lang. Het zijn veel meer tijdelijke projectorganisaties die na het behalen van hun doel weer worden ontbonden of worden overgedragen aan een producent.
5. Van Hulp naar Levensloopbegeleiding
Het leven is een introvert (“naar binnen gericht”) proces en begint en eindigt in een staat van volledige afhankelijkheid (Low Agency, High Communion, Wij).
In de eerste fase van de levensloop vindt het proces van socialisatie plaats, eerst in de context van de ouders en later in de eigen groep (de cultuur).
In de pubertijd neemt de behoefte om zich los te maken van ouders en familie toe (Agency,Ze) en richt men zich vooral op gelijksoortigen (de peer-group).
Aangezien het “erbij horen” de hoogste prioriteit heeft neemt men onnadenkend ook veel negatief gedrag over en zet men zich zeer nadrukkelijk af tegen de gevestigde orde, de volwassenen.
Tijdens de pubertijd vindt de laatste training plaats voor de volgende fase. Als jongeren sterk negatief worden beïnvloed door hun soortgenoten wordt deze fase niet afgerond en worden ze een drop-out die moeilijk aan het werk komt.
De persoonlijkheid trekt zich niets aan van de levensloopfasen. Er zijn mensen die altijd kind of puber blijven of weer puber worden (midlife-crisis).
Aangezien de persoonlijkheid ook bepalend is voor het beroep is het mogelijk om in iedere fase van de levensloop begeleiding te bieden met de juiste leeftijd.
Theoretisch hebben oude mensen in het begin van hun fase nog genoeg energie en de meeste levenswijsheid. In een groot aantal culturen wordt hiervan gebruik gemaakt door het drie-generatie-systeem te hanteren.
Het principe van het drie-generatie systeem wordt in Nederland gebruikt bij de begeleiding van mensen die socialisatie-problemen hebben (“Op eigen kracht”).
Het huidige schoolsysteem is nog gebaseerd op de tijd van de massaproductie van de Industriële revolutie en lijkt op de fabriek waarvoor de arbeiders en managers geschoold moeten worden om aan de lopende banden hun werk te doen. Deze tijd is definitief voorbij.
In de pubertijd gaat het om doen, ervaren en uitproberen. Kennis verzamelen is dan niet echt aan de orde. Die kennis kan men veel beter verkrijgen door te reflecteren. Reflectie vindt plaats als er iets mis is gegaan.
Aangezien kennis zeer snel verandert is het niet zinvol meer om preventief veel kennis te vergaren. Kennis kan just-in-time worden verkregen als men praktisch in de problemen zit of overzicht nodig heeft. Ze heeft dan ook een veel hogere retentie.
In de nabije toekomst gaan instrumenten of zichzelf bedienen of krijgen een simpel user-interface dat de gebruiker vertelt wat hij moet doen.
In de productieve fase (volwassenheid) wordt de mens bestuurd door en maakt hij gebruik van regelsystemen (“het”). In deze periode wordt hij geacht een buffer op te bouwen voor de tijden dat er niet kan worden geproduceerd. Een volwassen zorgt in eerste instantie van zijn leven voor zijn kinderen (en soms partner) en later voor zijn ouders.
6. Het Begeleidingssysteem
Ondersteuningsgroep
Rondom ieder individu wordt een sociaal netwerk gevormd dat bereid is om elkaar te helpen en indien nodig ook te waarborgen. In het algemeen bestaat dat netwerk uit naaste familieleden en vrienden. Het is de bedoeling dat deze groep zo vroeg als mogelijk is in het leven wordt gevormd en zo lang als mogelijk in stand blijft. Denk daarbij ook aan de oude functies van meter en peter.
Coach
Een Coach is een persoon die over praktische levenswijsheid beschikt. Het is iemand die zijn/haar loopbaanpad heeft verlaten en zich als vrijwilliger aanbiedt aan mensen die steun nodig hebben in het leven. Coaches kunnen door een persoon of door zijn ondersteuningsgroep worden gevraagd om te helpen. Een ondersteuningsgroep is een absolute randvoorwaarde om aan de slag te gaan. Een coach kan gebruik maken van een simulator om mogelijkheden te onderzoeken.
Case Manager
Een case manager is een rol die er voor zorgt dat een dringend probleem wordt opgelost. Case managers kunnen zich in allerlei instanties bevinden en kunnen daardoor fors langs elkaar heen gaan werken. Het is de taak van de coach om de probleemhebber (zijn “maatje”) te helpen om een dergelijke situatie te vermijden of te corrigeren.
Case-Management Systeem
Alle betrokkenen maken gebruik van één Case-Management-Systeem (CMS). Een CMS is een procesmanager die op basis van condities zijn werk kan doen. Met behulp van dit systeem kunnen afspraken worden vastgelegd maar ook andere partijen betrokken en aan hun afspraken worden gehouden.
Zelfhulpgroep
Een zelfhulpgroep is een groep mensen die in vergelijkbare omstandigheden heeft verkeerd en bereid is om anderen te ondersteunen met praktische raadgeving. Mensen kunnen deelnemen aan meerdere groepen.
Case
Een case is een gestandaardiseerd beschrijving van een situatie in combinatie met een niet gestructureerde beschrijving. In het laatste geval lijkt het op een dagboek.
Cases kunnen problematisch zijn en om een oplossing vragen maar ze kunnen ook een beschrijving zijn van een gebeurtenis (bv. een ongeluk, een ziekte, een verhuizing, een aankoop). Cases worden gebruikt om een kwalitatief historisch overzicht te krijgen eventueel aangevuld met kwantitatieve informatie. Cases worden zoveel als mogelijk is automatisch aangemaakt.
Verzorgers
Indien een ondersteuningsgroep onvoldoende tijd en mogelijkheden heeft om de benodigde hulp te bieden kan externe hulp worden opgeroepen. Die wordt toegevoegd aan de groep en communiceert ook met de groep.
Specialisten/Hulpmiddelen
Indien nodig kan een case manager tijdelijk of permanent specialisten of hulpmiddelen toevoegen om de case op te lossen.
Kennissystemen/Deskundigen
Indien nodig kan een case manager tijdelijk of permanent deskundigen en kennissystemen tijdelijk of permanent toevoegen om de case op te lossen.
7. Financiering van de Levensloop
Het lichaam is verbonden met kort cyclische zon- en maanritmen zoals de dag, de maan/maand en het jaar (de seizoenen). Het gedrag is meetbaar (sensors), sterk voorspelbaar en daardoor budgetteerbaar mits er geen sprake is van verslaving, de behoefte van het lichaam om eindeloos te genieten.
Het complement van het lichaam, de geest, zoekt zekerheid en zoekt en formeert voorspelbare lange termijn patronen (soms een onderneming genoemd) die zich tonen in de vele economische cycli (Kitchen, Juglar, Kuznets, Kondratiev, …).
Aangezien de patronen onderhevig zijn aan verstoringen moet men ze niet als een absolute zekerheid gaan hanteren. Cycli herstellen zich altijd weer.
De korte cycli moduleren op lange cycli en hebben een voorspelbare verhouding (één Kondratieff = drie Kuznets= zes Juglars = twaalf Kitchens).
De Kontratiev-cyclus duurt +/- 54 jaar wat betekent dat de gemiddelde mens in zijn leven altijd profiteert van voorspoed en tegenslag. Dit betekent dat men met behulp van een lange termijn planning en een adequaat sociaal netwerk de cycli ongehavend door kan komen.
Sommige mensen hebben last van teveel geluk, teveel ongeluk, teveel passie of teveel wantrouwen om flexibel om te gaan met de toekomst.
In dat geval kunnen er voor deze mensen ondersteunde systemen worden ontworpen die zowel het geluk als het ongeluk delen door elkaar een waarborg te verlenen of elkaar te helpen in het besturen van het levenspad.
8. Smart Computing: De Mens in de Machine
Software gaat steeds meer psychische functies van de mens overnemen waardoor er uiteindelijk volledig autonome systemen zullen komen.
Op dit moment zijn vooral patroonherkenning (Big Data) en sensors gekoppeld aan procesmanagers (‘robots”) bruikbaar.
In de volgende stap kan de mens zich gaan koppelen aan zeer krachtige simulatoren die aan de ene kant de buitenwereld voorspelbaar zullen maken (“Early Warning”) en aan de andere kant een persoonlijke fantasiewereld (“het Holodeck”) kunnen maken waarin de mens eindeloos kan doorbrengen.
In de laatste fase kan de mens zich voorzien van lichaamssensors die het onbewuste zullen gaan ontsluiten.
Producten zullen worden gestandaardiseerd middels onderling gekoppelde product-configurators waarmee de klant kan gaan spelen (of andersom).
9. Van Coöperatie naar Banking Robot
Bankieren is heel oud. In de code van Hammurabi (1700 v Chr) werd er al gesproken over verzekeren. Rond 1200 ontstonden in Italië de handelsbanken.
De Treasury voortgekomen uit het graanpakhuis van Hammurabi is de functie binnen de bank die moet zorgen voor de levensloopbegeleiding van de bank door te zorgen voor een goede balans tussen sparen (productie) en lenen (consumptie) op zowel de korte- als de lange termijn.
Bankieren was tot 1900 uitsluitend voorbehouden aan de welgestelden. Rond die tijd ontstonden er twee nieuwe bankvormen die zich gingen richten op het vergaren van vermogen onder de minder draagkrachtigen (Giro & Postspaarbank) en het besturen van collectieve bedrijven en het dragen van collectieve risico’s (Raiffeisen, de Coöperatie of Onderlinge Waarborg Maatschappij).
De Consumptiebank (Bank van Lening) kreeg een enorme impuls toen de arbeiders in de jaren zestig verplicht werden om een salarisrekening te openen. Vanaf dat moment raakten de Nederlanders hun vrees om te lenen en te spenderen kwijt. Deze ontwikkeling werd natuurlijk sterk geholpen door de opkomende Kondratieff-golf.
Aan het eind van 20e eeuw hebben de banken geprofiteerd van de verder oplopende economie en hebben daarbij vergeten om een geldvoorraad voor de slechte jaren op te bouwen. Dit geldt natuurlijk niet alleen voor de bank zelf maar ook voor zijn klanten.
Rond 2000 op de top van de golf werd door de ontwikkelaars van de handelsbank Binck-Bank, Knab gelanceerd als een nieuwe vorm van klantgericht bankieren (Personal Financial Planning).
Knab probeert om de nieuwe mogelijkheden van de IT-technologie ten volle aan te wenden. Tot op heden slaat deze moderne vorm van bankieren niet erg aan omdat de klant de diensten te duur vind. Het grootste probleem is natuurlijk dat deze bank geen aansluiting krijgt bij de duurzame socialen, de expanderende genieters en de comprimerende zekerheidzoekers.
Het ligt in de lijn der verwachting dat rond de tijd van de Singularity de bank zich zal hebben getransformeerd in een begrijpend pratende alleswetende bankrobot die perfect waakt over de belangen van de klant. De teerling voor een Dr.Watson-bank is deze maand door IBM samen met de DSB-bank in Singapore geworpen.
Het lijkt er op dat deze ontwikkeling wel eens sneller kan gaan dan men denkt omdat IBM wederom een miljard dollar heeft gestoken in de toepassingen van zijn Dr.Watson-technologie. Deze investering zal vooral worden besteed aan het verbeteren van de medische Dr.Watson.
Dr. Watson ook wel Semantic Analytics genoemd kan in korte tijd eindeloos veel kwalitatieve (tekst, plaatjes) en kwantitatieve data tot zich nemen, patronen ontdekken, logische redeneren en praten.
Om de uitdagingen van de komende cyclus-periode aan te kunnen zullen de banken zich moeten gaan concentreren op het balanceren van hun eigen geldvoorraden en daarmee ook de waardenvoorraden van hun klanten. Dit kan alleen als ze zich gaan bezighouden met de volledige levenscyclus.
Dit betekent dat een bank niet alleen alle soorten dienstverlening moet gaan bieden maar ook alle soorten banken onder één noemer moeten zien te brengen.
In dat kader zal de bank ook weer een sociale kant moeten gaan tonen.
We hebben gezien dat deze kant van het bankwezen zich in het verleden heeft getoond in de coöperatie en de waarborgmaatschappij. Deze banktypen zijn grotendeels verdwenen en hebben zich getransformeerd in een “normale” bank en verzekeraar waarbij de inbreng in het beleid van de klanten niet groot meer is.
Het herstellen van de klantbetrokkenheid (zie Knab) is een “hot issue” en “customer co-creation” staat hoog in de trend top tien. Daarnaast rijst het aantal nieuw opgerichte kredietunies de pan uit en is de regering al druk bezig om deze vorm van onderlinge solidariteit een wettelijke basis te geven.
Het ligt dan ook voor de hand om onderlinge solidariteit (“de naaste”) weer als uitgangspunt te nemen voor de mensen die dat willen en dat zijn de mensen met een sociale persoonlijkheid.
10. Integrale Gezondheidszorg
We zijn weer terug bij het verdwenen bankkantoor in de wijk. Het stond in een winkelcentrum waar inmiddels door de snelle opkomst van de Internetwinkels alleen nog de lichaamsgerateerde kort cyclische retail aanwezig is.
De kans is groot dat die zich zelfs op den duur terugtrekt als de winkel-logistiek zich volledig heeft aangepast aan het aan huis bezorgen.
Vaak is zo’n winkelcentrum gekoppeld aan een gezondheidscentrum dat zich nu ook druk moet gaan maken over de psycho-sociale zorg. De overheid heeft bedacht dat de huisarts in de wijk in samenwerking met de wijkverpleegkundige moet gaan optreden als personal case-manager.
Opvallend is dat de economische gezondheidszorg (de armenzorg) nog grotendeels een kerkelijke aangelegenheid is. Er zijn vele organisaties die de hulp van levenswijze “maatjes” aanbieden om mensen te helpen ook economisch orde op zaken te stellen.
Wat tot op heden nog volledig ontbreekt is een integrale benadering. De vele professionele hulpverleners (“de sociale kaart”) en vrijwilligers werken notoir langs elkaar heen, het aantal specialismen is sterk gegroeid waardoor ieder probleemhokje een eigen loket heeft en men kan door de soms zeer complexe vaktaal moeilijk onderling communiceren.
Wat vaak wordt vergeten is dat er naast hulpverleners en vrijwilligers ook nog commerciële partijen zijn die belang hebben bij een gezonde medewerker of klant.
Die belangen worden bij voorbeeld gedragen door Arbo-diensten, Verzekeraars en Banken die schadeclaims moeten afhandelen en natuurlijk ook voorkomen. Een vergaande samenwerking rondom het wijkgebonden integrale gezondheidscentrum ligt voor de hand.
Het is hierbij van belang om te beseffen dat de technologie veel werk uit handen kan nemen zodat de mens zich volledig kan richten op het persoonlijk contact zowel in de vorm van een gesprek als van de zorg zelf (totdat de zorg-robot zich aandient).
11. De Zelf-Ontplooiende Stad
Een stad is een verzameling gebouwen, waarin mensen samenwonen, werken, worden verzorgd of plezier maken. De mensen en de gebouwen zijn verbonden door allerlei soorten netwerken (energie, vervoer, telecommunicatie, sociale netwerken, waardeketens, ..).
De stad kan net als het Integrale Gezondheidscentrum verdeeld worden in vier onderling verbonden onderdelen n.l Besturing, Bedrijvigheid, Sociaal en Cultureel.
Boven de Stad kan een Monitor worden gedefinieerd die erg veel lijkt op het menselijke bewustzijn. De Monitor moet er voor zorgen dat de verschillende onderdelen niet te dominant worden.
De vier onderdelen kunnen weer worden opgesplitst in vergelijkbare onderdelen waardoor er in totaal (1+4) x 12 = 60 onderdelen kunnen worden gedefineerd. Die onderdelen kunnen als nodig is nog veel dieper kunnen worden opgedeeld als we de mens weer opsplitsen in bijv. organen en de organen weer in cellen. Op ieder niveau gelden dezelfde wetten.
Dit is een door mij geschreven hoofdstuk uit het boek De onvermijdelijke culturele revolutie / |red. H. Konstapel, E. Vreedenburgh, G.J.P. Rijntjes, SMO 9-1998.
Dit artikel trekt lering uit de ervaringen die ik heb opgedaan met het besturen van softwarecomplexen.
Onder besturen versta ík dat er iemand is, die weloverwogen, op basis van kennis van zaken, sturing geeft aan een proces van ontwikkeling. Onder een softwarecomplex versta ik een grote hoeveelheid geautomatiseerde code die zeer complex is opgebouwd.
In het algemeen is dit het geval als software ouder wordt. Er is dan niemand meer, die bij het origineel betrokken is geweest en de documentatie is weg of verouderd.
Een andere complicerende factor is gekochte software, zoals WINDOWS. De nieuwe eigenaar heeft er geen idee van hoe deze software werkt. Op dit ogenblik zit al meer dan 95% van de software “onder de motorkap” in de PC.
De afhankelijkheid van deze software is bij veel gebruikers erg groot. We zijn de gevangenen geworden van de ons omringende software.
Met een beschrijving van mijn eigen ontwikkelingsgang, wil ik in vogelvlucht de ontwikkelingen in de automatisering en de besturing van automatiseringsprocessen tussen 1970 en nu in kaart brengen.
Er toont zich in die periode een exploderende diversiteit aan software en ondanks verwoede pogingen een steeds verder afnemende besturing door het individu. Op dit moment is er zelfs geen sprake meer van besturing van processen maar van autonome groei.
Vervolgens beschrijf ik gedrag van mensen in relatie tot complexe situaties en zal laten zien, dat we op dit punt niet sterk staan. Mensen zijn overlevingsmachines en geen analisten.
Daarna pak ik de evolutie-theorie op. Deze theorie lijkt bruikbaar om op termijn, nieuwe wijzen van besturen van de ontwikkeling van het softwarecomplexen te ontdekken.
Als laatste probeer ik alle vergaarde kennis te gebruiken om te laten zien hoe besturen mogelijk is door te spelen met tussenschotten, lagen en stromen.
Programmeren
Mijn eerste ervaringen met computers en computertalen deed ik op in de periode 1969 – 1980. In deze periode studeerde ik wiskunde in Leiden en deed mijn eerste werkervaring op als Operations Research Analist bij de Algemene Bank Nederland (ABN).
Deze eerste ontwikkelingsfase is te typeren met de term programmeren. Er werd veel aandacht geschonken aan het maken van programma’s en nog weinig aan ontwerpen of besturen. Dit was ook niet nodig, omdat er niet veel ontwikkelaars en programma’s waren.
Ik zag mijn eerste computer of beter een stukje van de computer, de kaartlezer, in 1969 in het Centraal Rekeninstituut van de Universiteit Leiden. Hij stond in de hal en mensen met dozen vol ponskaarten omringden hem. Het duurde een dag, voordat je zeker wist, dat alles wat je op die kaarten had ingetikt ook zonder tikfouten was. Dat betekende echter nog niet, dat het programma realiseerde wat je er van verwachtte.
Studenten Wiskunde werden getraind in ALGOL en Assembler. De laatste taal was een machinetaal gericht op computers van IBM. Assembler was het summum van onbegrijpelijkheid. Je verschoof steeds kleine stukjes data in binaire vorm van het ene geheugenplekje naar het andere plekje.
ALGOL, de moeder van alle computertalen, was bedacht om deze narigheid onzichtbaar te maken. Door een ander programma werd ALGOL omgezet in Assembler. Weer een ander programma zette Assembler om in nullen en enen (de machinecode).
Het laten werken van programma’s gaf een enorme kick. Na soms weken puzzelen en erg veel wachten op output deed hij het.
Naast de praktijk van het programmeren kregen we ook theorie over talen (Chomsky), machines (Turing) en programmeren (Dijkstra).
Langzamerhand werd duidelijk, dat we iets in handen hadden, dat de wereld zou veranderen. Het werd duidelijk dat met de computer of beter gezegd met de computertaal ideeën supersnel om te zetten zijn in acties.
Computertalen
De denkbeelden van Chomsky hebben grote invloed uitgeoefend op de computertalen. Door het combineren van woorden en patronen (de syntax) ontstaan oneindig veel mogelijkheden.
Het omgekeerde, het vinden van woorden en patronen in de resultaten, kreeg mijn aandacht. Was het mogelijk om hier een methode voor te bedenken? Het vertalen van de ene naar de andere taal leek een kwestie van tijd te zijn. Maar tot op heden zijn we in beide gebieden nog aan het speuren naar de ultieme oplossingen.
Door veel te lezen over de geschiedenis van de filosofie (Störig, Russell) ontdekte ik, dat taal en vertalen de mens al eeuwen hebben beziggehouden.
In bijvoorbeeld de Culturele Antropologie (Levi-Strauss) wordt geprobeerd om de woorden en de patronen te vinden in culturen.
Chomsky en Turing hebben laten zien, dat er een groot verschil is tussen computertalen en mensentalen. Bij een computertaal is de betekenis (semantiek) eenduidig en kunnen woorden vertaald worden door ze stuk voor stuk te lezen en te interpreteren. Er bestaat geen twijfel over wat er moet gebeuren.
In een mensentaal moet je soms “heen-en-weer” in de tekst om de juiste betekenis te vinden. Er is hierbij sprake van contextgevoeligheid.
Ook is de plaats van een woord ten opzichte van een ander woord belangrijk voor de betekenis ervan. Bovendien kunnen dezelfde woorden verschillende betekenissen hebben.
Het verschil tussen computer- en mensentalen heeft een enorme invloed gehad op de automatisering. Steeds heeft men geprobeerd om de structuur van de computertaal aan de gebruiker op te dringen omdat dit niet lukte werd de automatisering/software steeds complexer.
De computer beschikt slechts over een beperkt aantal woorden en patronen. Hoe dichter je de computer nadert, met als minimale taal de machine code, hoe minder woorden en patronen er zijn.
De variatie in (output-)mogelijkheden neemt hierdoor toe. Iedere ontwikkelaar van een nieuwe computertaal maakt, meestal impliciet, een keuze voor het makkelijk bereiken van een bepaald soort eindresultaat, met veel vaste woorden en patronen, of voor veel variatie in dit resultaat.
Technici houden van talen die dicht bij de computer staan. Eindgebruikers willen het omgekeerde: een taal die het meest lijkt op een mensentaal.
Zo zijn er in de loop der tijd steeds nieuwe talen ontstaan, die naast elkaar staan of op elkaar zijn gebaseerd. Zo wordt een taal soms via een laag van vertalers naar de computer gebracht. Dit vertalen kost allemaal tijd.
Hoe meer de taal kan hoe langer het duurt voordat het resultaat zichtbaar wordt. Door de steeds maar weer toenemende kracht van de computer valt het niet op dat er zeer veel werk wordt verstouwd.
Aan de ontwikkelde computertalen zijn generaties toegekend, die worden aangeduid met nummers (1e Generation Languages 1GL). De ontwikkeling van machinecode (1e generatie) via Assembler (2e generatie) naar Algol (3e generatie) lijkt te zijn geëindigd in de 4de generatie ( SQL).
Het ontwikkelen van de 5de generatie taal (Artificial Intelligence) is ondanks hoge investeringen tot op heden niet gelukt.
Computers werken niet exact
Het leukste vak tijdens mijn studie vond ik Numerieke Wiskunde. Complexe wiskundige structuren werden afgebroken in door de computer te gebruiken bouwstenen.
Zo is machtsverheffen niets anders dan een aantal keren vermenigvuldigen en zijn sinus en cosinus reeksontwikkelingen.
Veel mensen weten niet dat het meestal niet mogelijk is om een berekening exact door een computer te laten uitvoeren. Men probeert dan een benadering te vinden.
Het toepassen van benaderingen op benaderingen maakt, dat de afrondfout steeds groter wordt. Zoals gesteld zijn de meeste computergebruikers zijn zich hiervan niet bewust.De computer wordt gezien als het wonder van exactheid.
Het aan elkaar verbinden van een groot aantal benaderde berekeningen, zoals in een groot wiskundig model geeft uiteindelijk een onvoorspelbaar resultaat dat tussen grote marges van onzekerheid ligt.
De meeste onderzoekers kunnen deze marge niet tonen of willen hem niet tonen. Ze geven liever hun eindresultaat in de vorm van een getal met het liefst vele cijfers na de komma.
Leren
Als bijvak voor mijn doctoraal deed ik Onderwijskunde. Het meest interessante gedeelte was voor mij Leerpsychologie.
Gagné beschreef leren als een gradueel proces, waarbij lagere structuren, zoals stimulus en respons, zich opbouwden tot het summum van de “problem-solving”. De theorie van Gagné geeft een indeling, maar verklaart weinig.
Piaget (The psychologie of intelligence, 1986) ontwikkelde een theorie die gebaseerd is op “sprongsgewijs” leren.Mensen leren door gegevens en ervaringen op te slaan in bestaande mentale vormen (assimilatie) of door het herstructureren van deze structuren (accommodatie). Dit laatste gaat gepaard met allerlei vaak ook emotionele bijeffecten (ziekte, stress).
Accommodatie grijpt veel dieper in op de mens dan enkel op mentaal niveau. Het kan bijvoorbeeld het immuunsysteem aantasten. Deze bevindingen zag ik terug in mijn latere werkzaamheden als leidinggevende van een ontwikkelafdeling en als betrokkene bij grote veranderingsprojecten.
Echte problemen zijn onoplosbaar
Na mijn afstuderen in 1976 kwam ik in dienst van ABN op de afdeling Operations Research. Hier was men, dacht ik, bezig om “het grote exacte werk” te verrichten. De afdeling bestond uit econometristen en wiskundige ingenieurs.
Ik was, naast mijn baas de enige echte Drs. Wiskunde. Al snel ontdekte ik, dat echte automatiseringsproblemen onoplosbaar waren en je ergens moest gaan “sjoemelen” om met een oplossing te komen.
Een mooi voorbeeld is het optimaliseren van databasestructuren. Na het bestuderen van boeken en gesprekken met databaseontwerpers ontdekten we, dat er vele optimalisatie manieren waren, die ieder als dé manier werden bestempeld.
Een wiskundige analyse van het probleem liet zien, dat het vrijwel onmogelijk was om in redelijke tijd een oplossing te vinden voor het optimaliseren van database-structuren.
Hierbij kwam het probleem, dat een kleine verandering van de waarden (bijvoorbeeld het aantal banktransacties per dag) aanleiding gaf tot grote veranderingen in de oorspronkelijke structuur.
Toch bleken de database-ontwerpers niet te overtuigen van de in essentie onoplosbaarheid van deze automatiseringsproblemen. Net als bij andere existentiële vraagstukken bleek de het onoplosbare karakter ervan te leiden tot het aanhangen van een geloof.
APL en de druk om te verwezenlijken.
APL, “A Programming Language”, is een taal gemaakt voor wiskundigen. Oorspronkelijk was ze bedoeld als instrument om wiskunde onderwijs te geven. APL slaat alle gegevens op in matrices. Deze manier van opslaan is uitermate flexibel en liep ver vooruit op latere ontwikkelingen zoals de relationele database.
Met APL worden alle bewerkingen direct in het geheugen uitgevoerd. Men noemt dit een interpretor. Het directe werken met de hardware gaat ten koste van de uitvoeringssnelheid.
Talen, die in onderliggende talen worden vertaald bieden de mogelijkheid om te worden geoptimaliseerd. In het algemeen kan men dan kiezen voor optimalisatie van het ruimtegebruik of van de verwerkingssnelheid.
APL is de meest perfecte “direct link” tussen (wiskundige) hersenen en de computer. Na een langdurige inleerperiode was de programmeur in staat om de meest complexe problemen in een paar symbolen te vangen.
Er werd ook een sport van gemaakt om programma’s steeds compacter te maken. Na deze inkrimping van het aantal symbolen snapte niemand meer wat het programma beoogde, behalve de ontwikkelaar. Maar na enige tijd wist deze het ook niet meer. Pas na een langdurige studie kon de ene programmeur het onderhoud van de programma’s van een ander overnemen.
Er werd om dit probleem te voorkomen aangedrongen op het maken van documentatie in het programma of daar buiten. Door de programmeurs werd dit gezien als tijdverspilling.
Er bestond een enorme druk om steeds maar weer nieuwe ideeën te verwezenlijken. Een goede administratieve afwerking leverde geen punten op.
Na enige tijd werd ik betrokken bij het maken van delen van wiskundige modellen. Deze modellen hadden tot doel om de ontwikkeling van de rente te voorspellen op basis van tijdreeksen. Hiertoe werd een complete prognosefabriek gebouwd in APL, die met behulp van een modelgenerator (Box-Jenkins)* een grafische terminal van Tectronix* aanstuurde.
Per maand werd volautomatisch een doos met plotjes met grafieken afgeleverd en aangeboden aan de bedrijfseconomen. Het viel mij op, dat men geen aandacht schonk aan afrondfouten, die APL veroorzaakte.
Er werden door APL namelijk zeer complexe programma’s aan elkaar geknoopt. Daarnaast werd ook de statistische fout niet getoond. De klant kreeg prachtige grafieken en had een groot vertrouwen in de deskundigheid van statistici. Hoe complexer het model, hoe groter het geloof.
Bij de ontwikkeling van een Management Information System (MIS) kreeg ik steeds meer te maken met medewerkers van het computercentrum. In het MIS werden wiskundige modellen (in APL) en de administratie (in COBOL) samen gebracht.
Om de opslag te verbeteren werd gekozen voor het nieuwste van het nieuwste, een database-managementsysteem van IBM genaamd IMS.
De technici vertaalden deze term in Increasing MainStorage, omdat de software enorm veel geheugen kostte. In die tijd was het werkgeheugen van de computer een schaars goed. Programma’s werden vaak opnieuw gemaakt om zo slim mogelijk met geheugen om te springen. Deze optimalisatie is één van de belangrijkste oorzaken van het jaar 2000-probleem.
Het computercentrum zelf was een grote papierfabriek, waar lange lijsten werden afgedrukt en verstuurd naar de kantoren. Men besteedde veel tijd aan het omstandig aantonen, dat iets niet kon of dat de ander de schuld had van een fout.
Dit kwam, omdat men de werkwijze had opgesplitst in stappen en taken, die vaak langs elkaar heen werkten. Voordat er wat werd gemaakt moest er eerst worden opgeschreven wat er moest gebeuren. Dit laatste werd goedgekeurd door de gebruiker. Later werd de werking van de programma’s nog eens op papier beschreven. Als laatste werd er getest of de programma’s wel deden wat de bedoeling was.
In het algemeen was de gebruiker daarna niet tevreden met wat hij kreeg. Hij werd dan om zijn oren geslagen met de specificatie die hij had goedgekeurd en moest dan wel inbinden.
Het spel kostte veel meer tijd en mensen dan bij Operations Research. Veel later werd de aanpak bij Operations Research voorzien van de naam “Iteratief ontwikkelen”. In tegenstelling tot de werkwijze bij het computercentrum houdt iteratief ontwikkelen in het samen met de gebruiker stapsgewijs ontwikkelen van software. Elke korte ontwikkelstap wordt pas afgesloten na overleg met de gebruiker.
Samenvatting
We kunnen gespecialiseerde talen naar machinetaal vertalen. Een machinetaal bestuurt een computer. Een machinetaal bevat heel weinig onderdelen en patronen. Hoe minder onderdelen en regels een taal bevat hoe meer mogelijkheden hij heeft. Gewone mensentaal voldoet niet aan de regels: zij is niet eenduidig en ze is contextgevoelig.
Het is mogelijk om een taal te beschrijven met behulp van een andere taal. Door iedere hogere laag geven we een richting aan het toepassingsgebied. We maken de taal rijker en daarmee de uitvoer meer voorspelbaar.
Een computer is niet in staat tot het exact uitrekenen van complexe wiskundige berekeningen. Er worden met behulp van numerieke wiskunde benaderingen geïntroduceerd, die een fout introduceren, die zichzelf versterkt als we berekeningen op berekeningen toepassen. Mensen weten dit niet of willen dit niet weten. Een computer staat voor hen voor exactheid.
Er bestaat een groot verlangen om ideeën om te zetten naar activiteit. Een computer is het middel om dit te doen. Het overzetten lukt het beste met abstracte ideeën, die wiskundig kunnen worden beschreven. Er is dan een één op één relatie tussen denken en doen. Niet-wiskundige menselijke intelligentie is (nog?) niet te vatten in een taal. Schijnbaar gaan we als we taallagen maken ergens over een grens heen, die het onmogelijk maakt om eenduidig te vertalen.
De problemen in de wereld laten zich in het algemeen niet vangen door een wiskundig model. Altijd moet er water in de wijn worden gedaan. Onoplosbare problemen leiden tot een groot geloof in de eigen oplossing.
Hoe complexer het model wordt hoe onbetrouwbaarder de uitkomsten zijn en hoe groter het geloof wordt van de klant. Als een wiskundige het heeft bedacht zal het wel kloppen.
De taal APL was ver vooruit op alle andere talen in zijn mogelijkheden. Het gemak, waarmee men een bepaald idee kan omzetten naar de werkelijkheid is bepalend voor de werkwijze. Mensen willen direct resultaat.
Per periode is er een dominant selectiecriterium dat bepaalt wat goed en fout is. In de eerste periode van automatisering is dat de schaarste aan werkgeheugen van de computer geweest.
Hoe meer mensen tussen de vrager naar informatie en de leverancier van deze informatie worden gezet hoe minder de resultaten aanslaan en hoe langer het ontwikkelproces duurt. Dit pleit ervoor om het “zelf te doen”.
Besturen
De hoeveelheid betrokken mensen en de omvang van de programmatuur namen in de loop der tijd toe. De afstand tussen de gebruiker en de ontwikkelaar werd groter en groter. De manager werd geroepen om orde op zaken te stellen.
De volgende fase in de geschiedenis gaat over besturen.
Het zal blijken, dat het zeer moeilijk is om de realisatie van ideeën werkelijk te beheersen.
De volgende opsomming van uiteenlopende observaties en onderzoeksresultaten hebben invloed gehad op mijn denken over en besturen van ontwikkelingsprojecten.
Planning & Beleid
In 1980 ben ik overgestapt van ABN naar de Centrale Directie van de PTT.
Hier werd ik tewerkgesteld als beleidsmedewerker bij de Centrale Afdeling Personeelsvoorziening en Loopbaanontwikkeling. De PTT was op dat moment bezig om zich op te splitsen in Geld (Giro), Post en Telecom.
De centrale afdeling was bezig met zijn “doodstrijd”. Deze strijd heeft jaren geduurd.
Om de stap van Operations Research Analist naar Beleidsmedewerker te kunnen maken volgde ik de postdoctoraal opleiding Planning en Beleid in Utrecht.
Het was de allereerste keer, dat ik theoretisch te maken kreeg met het besturen van complexe processen. Ten opzichte van Operations Research richtte ik mij nu op de mens en niet op het model.
In de opleiding liet men zien, dat het vak Planning en Beleid in een diepe crisis verkeerde. Dit was de crisis van het afbrokkelende geloof in de “maakbare samenleving”.
De bekendste onderzoeker uit die tijd was Simon, die samen met Newell het boek “Human problem solving”* (1972) had geschreven.
Een belangrijk thema in dit boek was dat de meeste problemen echt onoplosbaar zijn óf dat we onvoldoende (computer-)tijd hebben om ze op te lossen.
Mensen gaan op zoek naar het “haalbare” en relateren hun “aspiratieniveau” aan de groep, waar ze inzitten. Het is goed mogelijk, dat een oplossing slechts delen van een probleem oplost en soms elders weer grote problemen veroorzaakt. Probleem oplossen is voor een groot deel perceptie. We geloven, dat we iets hebben opgelost.
Ik zat midden tussen de beleidsmedewerkers die aan onderwerpen als Beoordeling werkten. Zij hadden hiertoe overleg met gelijkwaardige managers. Ik had niet de indruk, dat men “de vloer” bezocht.
Een korte stage bij het Postdistrict Leiden opende mij de ogen. Wat was er een verschil tussen de ideële hoogbetaalde beleidsmedewerkers en de postbeambten. Later besefte ik, dat een dergelijk contact het onmogelijk maakt om nog “beleid te maken”.
Hoe meer je weet van de werkelijkheid hoe slechter je kunt beslissen, omdat je de consequenties kent. Je hebt een abstract model en soms, letterlijk, afstand nodig om hier los van te komen.
Generaals moeten ver van het slagveld hun strategie bepalen. Soldaten zijn dan nummers en eenheden geworden. Als ze te dichtbij komen zien de generaals de mens achter het nummer en nummers kunnen niet sneuvelen, mensen wel.
Men maakt plannen als men denkt, dat de toekomst voorspelbaar is
Er was wat onderzoek gedaan naar het verband tussen het planningsproces en de toestand van de omgeving. Hierbij kwam de term “causal texture” (F.E. Emery en F.E.Trist) naar boven.
De voorspelbaarheid van de omgeving kan oplopen van “placid” naar “turbulence”. Hoe meer onvoorspelbaar een omgeving in de toekomst is hoe beter het is om ad-hoc te reageren.
Hier werd ook een mooie term voor uitgevonden namelijk “Muddling through (voortmodderen)”. Door de enorme hoeveelheid gegevens, die de laatste tijd beschikbaar komen hebben de meeste mensen het gevoel, dat de “causal texture” constant turbulent is.
Voortmodderen is de algemene trend aan het worden. Dit voortmodderen kunnen we op een nette manier vertalen in “leren en direct reageren”. De manier, waarop mensen leren is cruciaal voor het planproces.
Vandaar, dat er ook steeds meer theorieën komen, die de term leren bevatten, zoals “planning by learning” en “de lerende organisatie” (P. Senge).
In mijn scriptie voor de postdoctoraal opleiding paste ik deze theorie op de automatisering toe en beschreef het iteratief ontwikkelen van software. De toekomst is altijd onvoorspelbaar. Ze wordt gemaakt door mensen, die of denken te kunnen voorspellen of willen scheppen. “Shape your own future”!
Plannen worden uitgevoerd als iedereen de “nood”-zaak ziet.
Men deed onderzoek naar falen en slagen van grote planningsprojecten.
Een historische analyse duidde aan, dat het erg goed uitkomt als er sprake is van een ramp, zie bijvoorbeeld de Deltawerken als gevolg van de stormvloedramp van 1953.
De negatieve begrippen ramp en vijand kunnen positief vertaald worden in het begrip visie. Dit grijpt echter aan op een ander niveau. (Doods-)angst en afgunst sturen op het niveau van de emoties, terwijl een visie het intellect stuurt.
Later is me opgevallen, dat men veranderingsprocessen in het algemeen probeert te sturen met positieve denkbeelden: het voorhouden van de wortel. Het aspect pijn, de stok, laat men achterwege.
Good managers don’t make policy-decisions. They give their organizations “a sense of direction” and they are masters of developing opportunities (Wrapp, Harvard Business Review, 1967).
Plannen is verbonden aan “geloven”. Managers moeten niet zelf beslissen, maar hun medewerkers de context aanbieden om een beslissing te nemen. Er zijn mensen, die de gave van het overtuigen hebben. Het lijkt erop, dat ze dit alleen kunnen doen als ze zichtbaar en voelbaar zijn. De meeste managers zijn een naam en tonen zich niet.
Een organisatie is een samenspel van mensen. We moeten er geen individuele menselijke eigenschappen aan geven. In sommige bedrijfskundige theorieën krijgen organisaties een “eigen leven”.
Ze worden een mens en hebben een geheugen, ze leren en ze anticiperen. Voor mij is het is twijfelachtig of een verzameling mensen hetzelfde gedrag vertoont als één mens.
Een collectief heeft op hetzelfde moment over een onderwerp vele meningen. Individuen of groepen van individuen streven vaak tegenstrijdige belangen na. In grote organisaties zijn er dan ook vrijwel altijd zichtbaar of onzichtbaar concurrerende onderdelen.
Aan bedrijfskundestudenten wordt een mechanistisch beeld van de organisatie geleerd. Het topmanagement ziet de richting, drukt op de knop en de raderen draaien. Maar de medewerkers zien geen beleid en geen visie.
De omgeving blijkt niet te reageren zoals het topmanagement dacht en de raderen staan stil. Het duurt jaren voor het management, vaak na een tijdje overspannen te zijn geweest, accepteren dat het anders moet.
Organisaties zijn in de tijd onvoorspelbare, veranderende patronen van mensen en middelen en kunnen daardoor niet mechanistisch bestuurd worden.
Plannen is een mentaal proces
Mensen veranderen door de mentale en fysieke ervaringen die ze meemaken. Deze ervaringen zijn het gereedschap, waarmee ze de toekomst ingaan. Het maken van plannen wordt enorm beïnvloed door deze ervaringen.
Voorspellingen, die negatieve consequenties geven voor het toekomstig functioneren worden “weggestopt”.
Zo ziet de toekomst er in principe altijd enigszins “rooskleurig” uit. Ernstige ziekten en faillissementen overkomen anderen.
Veel methodes proberen om deze bias te voorkomen, door het toeval in het planningsproces te introduceren.
Men gaat scenario’s maken. In de mentale modellen van de werkelijkheid worden variaties aangebracht en aan de planners aangeboden. Men hoopt dan, dat iemand “het licht ziet”.
Als een kind speelt experimenteert het binnen een “veilige wereld”. Hierbij gebruikt het voorwerpen, die belangrijke zaken in de wereld voorstellen (een pop vader). Door de pop worden vele mogelijke (en ook onmogelijke) situaties uitgeprobeerd.
Ook volwassenen gebruiken dit soort manieren om zich voor te bereiden op nieuwe situaties.
Mensen lijken doelgericht, van zichzelf bewust, staan open voor de buitenwereld en hebben een eindig bestaan. In sommige theorieën hebben organisaties deze eigenschappen overgenomen.
De meeste organisaties leven echter veel korter dan mensen. Men heeft de hoop, dat planning het mogelijk maakt om de levensduur te verlengen. Arie de Geus (De Levende Onderneming) heeft laten uitzoeken wat “oude bedrijven” gemeen hebben.
Deze bedrijven blijken gevoelig te zijn voor hun omgeving, hebben een sterke identiteit, zijn tolerant en karig met geld.
Dit laatste punt is mij al meer opgevallen. Beperkingen verwekken creativiteit. Hoe minder budget hoe intelligenter de oplossing.
De identiteit maakt het voor individuen mogelijk om zich te ordenen. Men streeft naar een gezamenlijk doel. Indien de toekomst een dergelijk doel niet meer suggereert valt de identiteit weg.
Ontwikkelingen in de besturing van automatisering na 1984
In 1981 kwam ik terug bij ABN. Ik promoveerde in snel tempo naar de functie van groepsleider van een automatiseringsafdeling. In 1984 werd ik gevraagd om me druk te gaan maken over het ontwikkelproces. De projecten werden complexer.
Om de processen in de automatisering te kunnen besturen werd een aantal maatregelen genomen.
Projectmanagement werd geïntroduceerd. Dit werd gebaseerd op wat men later de watervalaanpak is gaan noemen.
Er werden scherp afgescheiden fasen ingevoerd (ontwerpen, bouwen, testen en exploiteren).
Deze specifieke fasen werden voorzien van standaarden (documentindeling, opleidingen, taakbeschrijvingen).
Men ging uit van de oude planningstheorie die een maakbare wereld veronderstelde.
Niemand had in die tijd het benul hoe snel en drastisch de automatisering en de buitenwereld zou gaan veranderen.
Er werden hulpmiddelen geïntroduceerd. De ontwikkelaar ging steeds meer tijd achter zijn beeldscherm doorbrengen. Er werd hierdoor minder tijd besteed aan overwegen.
Door de standaardisatie ging de automatisering zich voor automatisering lenen.
De eerste innovatie was de tekstverwerker, waardoor de programmeur niet meer afhankelijk was van de centrale typ- en ponskamer.
De doorlooptijd tussen idee en realisatie van het idee werd steeds korter. Bij de tekstverwerker moest men in eerste instantie nog gebruik maken van een typmachine. Later werd het beeldscherm geïntroduceerd.
Er waren minder beeldschermen dan medewerkers. Men moest inschrijven op een lijst. In de tussentijd bekeek de programmeur zijn product en op papier bracht wijzigingen aan.
In de loop der tijd werd de verhouding één op één. Vanaf toen werd er nog uitsluitend gewerkt achter het scherm. De interactie tussen computer en ontwikkelaar verving het rustig zelf nadenken.
Deze vervanging van de “contemplatie” door de interactie heeft een enorme impact op de werkwijze gehad. De mens werd langzaam maar zeker in de machine, lees de software, “gezogen”. De software nam de leiding over.
In een later stadium werd de methode vertaald in grafische hulpmiddelen. In eerste instantie vervingen die het tekenmiddel (de template). Later ging de software meedenken en taken overnemen.
De Computer Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) was geboren. De ontwikkelaars waren niet echt blij met deze ontwikkeling. Men kon zijn eigen “stijl” niet meer gebruiken.
Preventie krijgt de overhand. Dit resulteerde in vele nieuwe functies, die allemaal proberen te voorkomen dat er fouten worden gemaakt.
In 1984 werd ik verantwoordelijk voor de nieuwe afdeling Gegevensbeheer. Deze afdeling moest proberen om de samenhang in de gegevensstructuren van de bank te bewaken.
Het streven werd om een project op tijd, binnen het budget en met de gewenste functionaliteit op te leveren. Dit streven naar preventie heeft grote invloed gekregen op de werkwijze.
Men ontdekte, dat veel functionaliteitfouten onstonden door een beperkt ontwerpproces. Het aanpassen van een ontwerp (een idee) is veel goedkoper dan het aanpassen van een programma (een realisatie). Er kwamen dus ontwerpers, die los van de bouwers gingen werken. De overdracht van de kennis van de ontwerpers naar de bouwers werd een probleem. In de loop van een project werd altijd tijd verloren. De managers durfden meestal deze uitloop niet te vertellen aan de opdrachtgevers. Men bespaarde liever tijd door “onnodige” zaken over te slaan. Er werd dan minder getest en gedocumenteerd.
Men ontdekte, dat de ontwikkelaars zich niet aan de methode hielden. Er kwamen dan ook kwaliteitscontroleurs, verbeterprogramma’s en ISO-certificaten. De ontwikkelaars vonden manieren om aan deze controle te ontkomen. Dit gaf weer munitie aan de controleurs om hun aantal te vergroten en nog meer geavanceerde middelen te ontwikkelen.
Men ontdekte, dat systemen elkaar in de weg zaten (overlap). Er kwamen dan ook informatieplanners en administrators, die bedrijfsdoelstellingen gingen vertalen in logische- en technische architecturen.
Men ontdekte, dat software veel fouten bevatte. Er kwamen dan ook testers en testplannen en testhulpmiddelen.
Men ontdekte nieuwe aanpakken en er kwam nieuwe technologie, die alles zou verbeteren. Hiertoe moesten velen vaak getraind worden.
Er kwamen zoveel verschillende soorten automatiseerders, dat het op het juiste moment bijeen brengen een probleem werd.
Er kwamen dan ook human resourcemanagers, skill-management-systemen en planningspakketten.
Het resultaat was, dat de bouwer omringd werd door een veelvoud van anderen, die feitelijk niets maakten.
Het ergste is nog, dat men nog steeds niet beschikt over een manier om objectief te meten wat productief is.
Hierdoor kon de ene na de andere hype de softwareontwikkeling in grote beroering brengen. Deze is nog steeds in afwachting van de “silver bullet”, die wellicht nooit gaat komen.
De database als grote integrator
De ontwikkelingsmethode werd sterk beïnvloed door de opkomst van de database. Het computercentrum transformeerde zich van lijstenfabriek naar opslagcentrum. Het gegeven werd uitgevonden.
De methode werd een object van heilige oorlog tussen de procesdenkers en gegevensdenkers. In essentie ging het bij deze oorlog om het verschil tussen het veranderende (gebeurtenis, algoritme, proces) en het blijvende (het gegeven, het geheugen).
De hoop bestond, dat gegevens zeer lang gelijk zouden blijven in hun semantiek en syntax. De semantiek en in het bijzonder het classificeren werd een belangrijk onderwerp van onderzoek.
Er werden projecten gestart om bedrijfsgegevens-modellen in kaart te brengen en bedrijfsbrede databases te bouwen. Deze databases moesten de waarden, betekenis en beschrijving van alle gegevens van het bedrijf bevatten.
Hiervoor deed de architect zijn intrede. Hij had als opdracht om ruimtelijke ordening tussen systemen te bewerkstelligen. De “vaste gegevens” theorie is niet uitgekomen. De werkelijkheid bevat weinig stabiele elementen.
Gegevens zijn een afbeelding van de blik van de medewerkers en de klanten op de werkelijkheid. Zowel deze blik, lees het paradigma, als de werkelijkheid zijn met toenemende snelheid aan het veranderen.
De waterval-aanpak veronderstelde stabiliteit in de verwachtingen en specificaties van de klant en in de techniek. De doorlooptijd van een redelijk project was toch gauw een jaar. In die tijd veranderde de wereld sterk.
Bij de klanten was een onderscheid te maken tussen de vertegenwoordiger van de klanten en de daadwerkelijke gebruiker van de software. De laatste kwam er bij het specificeren eigenlijk weinig aan te pas.
Als men na hard zwoegen alles klaar had begon het proces van implementatie: de eerste confrontatie met de gebruiker. In de loop der tijd is die gebruiker steeds mondiger en veeleisender geworden.
De acceptatiegraad van nieuwe software is vaak klein. Dit fenomeen komt veel minder voor bij pakketsoftware. Hier wordt goed gebruik gemaakt van marketingtechnieken. Implementeren is “verkopen”.
Het uitgangspunt bij pakketsoftware is dat het niet mogelijk is om met alle individuele wensen rekening te houden.
Men dacht structuur te zien in de bestaande situatie. Alle databases gerelateerd aan een klant werden onder één noemer gebracht net als alle manieren om rente te berekenen. Er werden vele herbruikbare elementen onderscheiden.
Deze elementen werden vertaald in een nieuwe taal, de zogenaamde 4GL. Deze taal maakte het maken van een lijst zo simpel, dat de eindgebruiker het zelf kon doen.
Een andere manier om snel te ontwikkelen is de generator. Dit is een middel om kleine stukjes bestaande programma’s aan elkaar te koppelen.
Toch bleek in de loop der tijd, dat iedere groepering op den duur weer instabiel werd. Hoe groter de samengeklonterde brokken waren, hoe moeilijker het werd om ze snel aan te passen.
De “just-in-time” ontwikkeling
De logistiek leverde het concept van just-in-time. Deze manier van werken wordt gerealiseerd door voorraden op te heffen en de ontwikkeling pas te starten als het nodig is.
Dit verreist een hoog niveau van standaardisatie en een goed inzicht in het product. Dit product wordt uit elkaar gehaald en weer opgebouwd uit instelbare bouwstenen.
Binnen de grenzen van het mogelijke worden de klanten in staat gesteld om hun wensen kenbaar te maken. Ontwikkelen wordt een proces van het instellen van soms vele parameters. Met complexe software (bijv. SAP) kan men hier maanden mee bezig zijn.
Uit het logistieke concept groeide het idee van de software-fabriek. Software wordt door de opdrachtgever just-in-time samengesteld uit pasklare onderdelen. Dit vereist een goed inzicht in het eindresultaat.
Na een aantal iteraties is een goede architect in staat om dit eindresultaat te bereiken met een beperkt aantal bouwstenen. In één keer lukt het nooit.
Een goede manier is om bestaande systemen te verbeteren. Het doel moet zijn om meer functionaliteit met minder onderdelen te bereiken.
Er wordt echter betrekkelijk weinig gekeken naar het bestaande. De meeste hulpmiddelen en methodes gaan uit van nieuwbouw. Men denkt, dat men met de nieuwe technieken en hulpmiddelen sneller klaar is met een beter resultaat.
Niet iedereen wil snel klaar zijn. Deze ontwerpers construeren bibliotheken met herbruikbare bouwstenen voor een bepaald kennis-domein.
Samenvatting
De planningstheorie was niet voor niets in de jaren tachtig in een crisis. De wereld is niet maakbaar. Zij is door de automatisering met steeds grotere snelheid aan het veranderen. Hier bijt de slang in zijn eigen staart.
In de automatisering heeft men er alles aan gedaan om de lering uit deze theorie te negeren. Men heeft zonder veel succes zeer zware preventieve maatregelen genomen in de veronderstelling, dat men hiermee de wereld stil kon zetten.
In essentie gingen de bouwers gewoon door met bouwen maar nu omringd met een veelvoud van niet-productieve bestuurders. De onderlinge afstemming werd steeds complexer
Het beperkende selectiemiddel geheugenruimte werd verwisseld voor (minimale) tijd en geld. Door de constant aanwezig tijdsdruk laat men zaken, die in het laatste deel van het ontwikkeltraject thuishoren, liggen (documenteren, testen).
De ontwikkelaar wordt in toenemende mate verslaafd aan directe interactie met zijn ontwikkelsoftware. Iedere kleine aanpassing aan het idee kan onmiddellijk worden uitgeprobeerd. Zo wordt men steeds meer meegezogen door het detail en wordt er steeds minder tijd besteed aan het achterover leunen en contempleren.
Het is mogelijk om na vele iteraties bekende softwarestructuren uit elkaar te halen en te versimpelen tot een aantal gekoppelde instelbare bouwstenen. Dit wordt in het bedrijfsleven vrijwel niet gedaan. Nieuwbouw is hier de meest gebruikte aanpak. Er ontstaan bibliotheken met herbruikbare onderdelen.
Groeien
De Personal Computer (PC) startte een ontwikkeling, waarbij het individu zijn gang kan gaan met automatiseren. De eigen verantwoordelijkheid voor de informatievoorziening wordt daarna steeds belangrijker.
Er komen zogenaamde softwarepakketten. Het netwerk koppelt iedereen aan iedereen en maakt het mogelijk, dat een individuele programmeur binnen korte tijd zijn programma op miljoenen PC’s laat draaien.
Software wordt niet meer ontworpen, maar lijkt te groeien. Deze groei lijkt soms op een kwaadaardig kankergezwel. Virussen tonen zich.
De kwaliteit van de software neemt af.
Individuele automatisering
Met de komst van de PC startte de individualisering van de automatisering. Het centrale mainframe rangschikte de ontwikkelaars rondom zich. Dit maakte centrale besturing mogelijk.
In de kantine en de “wandelgangen” vond veel afstemming plaats over samenhang tussen systemen en de richting die er gekozen moest worden.
De eindgebruiker zat “braaf” achter zijn terminal en deed wat de computer hem of haar aangaf. Door de PC werd dit allemaal anders.
Er werden PC-privé projecten opgezet om de nieuwe ontwikkeling bij gebruikers en ontwikkelaars te promoten. Medewerkers, die wel eens wat klungelden met de tekstverwerker begonnen te programmeren in BASIC. Een enorme verzameling niet samenhangende software begon te ontstaan.
De centrale ontwikkelafdelingen zagen hoe op vele plaatsen nieuwe software werd ontwikkeld door externe softwaremakers of door, door het management vrijgestelde, medewerkers. De concurrentie was begonnen.
De “amateurs” op de PC hadden meestal niet de kennis en ervaring van de centrale automatiseringsmedewerkers. Ze begonnen dus vrolijk opnieuw in alle valkuilen te vallen, die de professionelen net hadden gedicht. Gebaseerd op een totaal nieuwe onderlaag (Windows) begon het spel opnieuw.
Softwarepakketten vervangen maatwerk
Er komt een markt voor pakketten. Deze worden voornamelijk voor de externe klant ontwikkeld. Door de grote concurrentie neemt de snelheid van verandering en de hoeveelheid fouten exponentieel toe.
De werkwijze binnen het eigen bedrijf (hier het bankbedrijf) werd door de eigen ontwikkelafdeling als een uniek fenomeen gezien. De leverancier die probeerde om een pakket te maken voor het bankwezen moest dan ook van goeden huize komen.
Men vond altijd wel uitzonderingen, die niet in het pakket voor kwamen. In het ergste geval werd het pakket hier op aangepast en ontstond een niet onderhoudbaar software-complex.
Door deze krappe markt waren de prijzen van dergelijke pakketten hoog. Dit was ook een reden om ze niet te kopen. De PC doorbrak deze spiraal en schiep de gelegenheid om grote omzetten te gaan draaien.
Tot grote schrik van de automatiseerders werd niet de bank, maar ook de klant van de bank het object van de pakketbouwer. De interne ontwikkelaar was hier nog niet eens aan toe gekomen. Die was bezig om de interne processen te automatiseren.
Veel leveranciers zien deze lucratieve markt zitten. Door de felle concurrentie volgt de ene aanpassing de andere op. Het is voor de normale automatiseerder niet meer bij te houden.
Door de grote snelheid van ontwikkeling ontstaan zeer gecompliceerde, ondoorzichtige softwarecomplexen. De hoeveelheid softwarefouten neemt hierdoor enorm toe, maar omdat ze niet beter weten vinden gebruikers het normaal als de software per dag een aantal keren “hangt”.
Het beeldscherm krijgt grafische mogelijkheden.
De buitenkant wordt steeds belangrijker. Naast tekst komen er beelden. Er is weinig kennis over hoe een goed design moet worden ontwikkeld. De bruikbaarheid neemt sterk af. Het bijzondere van de PC zit in het grafische gebruikersinterface.
Om de een of andere reden is dit nooit voor het mainframe ontwikkeld. Met een enorme snelheid kunnen kleine puntjes (pixels) op het scherm worden aangestuurd.
Het wordt mogelijk om plaatjes en films te gaan presenteren met steeds toenemende kwaliteit.
Deze kwaliteit is sterk verbonden met de toenemende kracht van de chip in de computer. Het uitnutten van deze grafische potentie is een vak apart. De technici zijn vooral bezig om alle technische hoogstandjes uit te gebruiken. Dit heeft een sterk negatief effect op de bruikbaarheid.
Kennis wordt in software gestopt.
Men probeert kennis om te zetten in software. De adviseurs, de kenniswerkers, zijn aan de beurt om geautomatiseerd te worden.
Langzaamaan pakt de automatisering alle processen over. Het bedrijf verdwijnt letterlijk in de computer.
Men gaat proberen om kennis van experts te modelleren. Voor deze expertsystemen worden hele nieuwe talen en methoden ontwikkeld.
Na de bekende hype toont de realiteit zich. Het kennissysteem verovert langzaam de wereld en begint de kenniswerkers aan te pakken.
Er komen ondersteunende systemen voor dealers en accountmanagers. Deze laatste systemen zijn zo goed, dat ze direct met de klant kunnen gaan overleggen.
De evolutionaire aanpak.
De aanpak wordt evolutionair. Men gaat nu expliciet sturen op tijd en geld. Dit dwingt tot het stellen van prioriteiten.
De watervalaanpak verliest terrein. Men acht hem uitsluitend nog geschikt voor het ontwikkelen van infrastructuur. Veel bedrijven besluiten om deze infrastructuur te kopen.
De tegenhanger van de watervalaanpak wordt iteratief of evolutionair genoemd. Software wordt het liefst samen met de eindgebruiker in stappen (iteraties) ontwikkeld en ingevoerd. Men accepteert hiermee, dat alles niet in één keer perfect kan worden gemaakt.
Bij de methode time-boxing wordt de opleverdatum gefixeerd. Er wordt altijd wat opgeleverd. Men bespaart op de functionaliteit. Deze aanpak dwingt tot prioriseren. De theorie zegt, dat de laatste 20% van een project 80% van de tijd kost. In die tijd introduceert men de uitzonderingen die de kern van het ontwikkelde systeem aantast. Er ontstaat dan een sterke neiging om de kern aan te passen; met alle gevolgen van dien.
Netwerken koppelen iedereen aan iedereen. Er is voor alles wel een markt te vinden.
Het netwerk koppelt iedereen aan elkaar. De uitwisseling van data en programma’s neemt enorm toe.Eén mens kan de wereld veranderen.
De PC’s worden eerst door een lokaal netwerk aan elkaar gekoppeld. Daarna worden de lokale netwerken verbonden en ontstaat het World-Wide-Web.
Iedereen is theoretisch met iedereen verbonden. Het product van een slimme programmeur ergens in de wereld kan binnen een paar weken overal aan het werk zijn.
Als de invloed van dit programma negatief is noemen we het een virus. We gaan niet voor niets termen uit de biologie gebruiken.
De infrastructuur wijzigt. Er komt steeds meer functionaliteit in de infrastructuur. Er is steeds meer te koop en gratis te krijgen.
Door de keuze voor TCP/IP* als netwerkprotocol en de komst van de browser wordt het mogelijk om de infrastructuur te standaardiseren.
Dit geeft pakketontwikkelaars de gelegenheid om zelfs voor niches wereldwijd te ontwikkelen. De indruk bestaat, dat er voor alles wel een markt is. Veel ontwikkelafdelingen zien niet meer wat er om hen heen gebeurt.
Men ontwikkelt voor eigen infrastructuren en sluit de ogen voor de buitenwereld. Net als bij de opkomst van de PC kan een medewerker van een bedrijf via het Internet meer dingen doen dan hij op zijn werk kan.
Er is zoveel concurrentie, dat veel producten bij oplevering al achterhaald zijn.
De snelheid van verandering passeert de theoretisch haalbare ontwikkeltijd. Ontwikkelen wordt gokken op meerdere paarden of de concurrentie volgen.
Tot voor kort was het mogelijk om een zet van de concurrentie te pareren door snel een eigen project te starten. De veranderingen gaan nu zo snel, dat de resultaten van een dergelijk project bij oplevering meestal al weer zijn verouderd.
Om als eerste in de markt te komen moet men dus ver voor de markt uitlopen. Men moet op meerdere ontwikkelingen tegelijkertijd gaan gokken of volger van de markt worden.
De hoeveelheid mislukte projecten neemt toe.
Daarnaast wordt ook steeds meer nieuw ontwikkelde software niet in productie genomen, omdat ze al is achterhaald. Dit resulteert in grote verliezen.
Weinig bedrijven kunnen of durven deze aanpak aan. Men gaat over tot het opkopen van succesvolle starters. Op deze manier draagt de maatschappij de kosten. Minder dan 20% van deze starters heeft succes.
Naast deze chaos ontstaat er ook ordening, doordat een aantal zaken standaard worden.
Deze standaarden worden niet meer door instituties gemaakt (bijv. ISO), maar ontstaan doordat een bedrijf een groot marktaandeel pakt. Helaas voor velen is dit bedrijf steeds Microsoft. Hier heeft men zich gespecialiseerd in het manipuleren van de markt.
Indien dit nodig is stopt men van de ene op de andere dag een ontwikkelproject en probeert hiermee een onvoorziene ontwikkeling in de markt in te halen. De kleine software-ontwikkelaars volgen dit spel met argusogen. Als ze te laat reageren zijn ze uit de markt. De markt lijkt op een zwerm vogels, die op zoek zijn naar een plek om te overnachten.
Samenvatting
De PC geeft de gebruiker het heft van de automatisering in handen. De centrale automatiseringsafdeling, toch al kampend met een slecht image (luistert niet, duurt lang), wordt bestookt door toenemende concurrentie van softwarebureaux en pakketontwikkelaars.
Door de toevloed van nieuwe ontwikkelaars en gebruikers ontstaat een explosie van nieuwe software, die in het algemeen van slechte kwaliteit is. Daarnaast werkt veel van deze software niet goed samen met de rest. De interfaces zijn slecht of niet gedefinieerd.
De ontwikkelaanpak maakt gebruik van tijdsdruk en wordt iteratief. Om te voorkomen, dat er veel tijd wordt besteed aan uitzonderingen, die de structuur van een systeem verstoren, wordt het oplevertijdstip en het budget gefixeerd.
Het koppelen van PC aan een netwerk geeft een enorme versnelling aan het ontwikkelproces. Eén programmeur kan binnen korte tijd zijn software bij velen op de PC brengen.
Het selectiecriterium tijd en geld wordt vervangen door functionaliteit. De ontwikkelafdelingen kunnen niet snel genoeg meer reageren op een ontwikkeling. Men moet gaan anticiperen en gokken.
Hoe sneller de ontwikkelsnelheid hoe groter het verlies aan functionaliteit. Er wordt steeds meer voor niets gewerkt en weggegooid.
Standaardisatie vindt plaats door de markt te veroveren. Dit lukt door razendsnel op de markt te reageren. Dit betekent, dat men snel iets moet kunnen starten en stoppen. Dit laatste is het grootste probleem.
Overzicht van de ontwikkelingen 1970 – heden
Fase 1: Programmeren
Het begint allemaal met programmeren (doen).
Fase 2: Besturen
Door de toenemende grootschaligheid ontstaat een crisis en de behoefte om te besturen. Men gaat steeds meer preventief te werk en laat het bouwen vooraf gaan door denken.
Er komen steeds meer managers en controleurs. Men denkt alles te kunnen vatten in een methode. Deze methode wordt omgezet in hulpmiddelen. Er worden generatoren bedacht en bouwstenen gevonden. Door het gebrek aan objectieve meetinstrumenten weet men niet of men beter wordt van een verandering. De ene na de andere hype slaat toe en kost veel veranderingstijd. Aan het eind van de rit blijkt er niet veel veranderd te zijn.
Fase 3: Groeien
De PC maakt het voor de eindgebruiker mogelijk om zaken zelf op te pakken (eigen verantwoordelijkheid). Door de enorme verspreiding van de computer wordt het bovendien mogelijk om pakketten te ontwikkelen. Deze zijn door iedereen te betalen en leveren de leverancier grote winsten op.
Het verspreiden van het ontwikkelproces naar de eindgebruiker levert chaos op. Het gebruik van pakketten geeft voordeel.
Door het netwerk wordt iedereen aan iedereen gekoppeld. Een individu kan binnen enige weken zijn software op miljoenen PC draaiende krijgen. De bruikbaarheid van de software en de stabiliteit bereiken een dieptepunt.
De versnelling van het proces bereikt zijn hoogtepunt. Bedrijven moeten kiezen voor grote investeringen met geen of erg veel rendement of voor het volgen van de concurrentie
De drie fasen geven een kijk op een explosie van functionaliteit: van de individuele programmeur, via het project en de lopende band, waar softwarebouwstenen aan elkaar worden geplakt naar de huidige software-explosie; van het statement naar steeds hogere ordeningen in het softwarecomplexen.
Er zijn steeds meer mensen steeds losser en verder van elkaar bezig om een samenwerkend geheel te maken.
Het besturen van deze mensen met plannen en architecturen lukt niet. Ze laten zich niet sturen.
De druk om zelf te maken is zeer sterk. Dit wordt nog eens versterkt door de verwachting van groot geldelijk gewin (“the killer application”).
We zullen op zoek moeten gaan naar een manier van besturen door iedereen zijn gang te laten gaan. Eerst gaan we eens kijken naar hoe mensen omgaan met complexe structuren.
De mens
Mensen leven in een structuur in. Ze hebben vaak “last van een geloof”..
Daniel Denett* probeert in zijn boek “Conscience explained” uit te leggen hoe het bewustzijn in elkaar zit. Volgens hem lijkt het bewustzijn op een verzameling vrienden en kennissen, die een spelletje spelen.
Ze sturen er één de kamer uit met de opdracht om bij terugkomst de verborgen betekenis te vinden. De groep mag alleen Ja of Nee antwoorden. Zodra speler weg is wordt afgesproken om at random te antwoorden.
Bij een vraag die begint met de letters a t/m m geeft men Ja als antwoord en anders Nee.
De lol van het spel is, dat de persoon in kwestie altijd een betekenis vindt, die men van tevoren nooit had verwacht.
Men wordt gevangen door de ideeën die door het JA/NEE-spel opkomen en maakt er een coherente structuur van.
Complexe structuren fungeren als de verzameling vrienden en kennissen. Na enige tijd denken we ze “door te hebben” en vertellen we er een coherent verhaal over.
Ons bewustzijn voelt zich genoodzaakt om ordening aan te brengen. Hierbij geldt de bestaande ordening als uitgangspunt. Wat we kennen is bepalend voor hoe we het nieuwe interpreteren.
Een grote langzaam verlopende verandering in de tijd wordt meestal (te) laat gezien, omdat men zijn interpretatie niet kan aanpassen. Grote plotselinge veranderingen geven uitval (shock). Het bewustzijn kan dit blijkbaar niet aan.
Een analist gebruikt zijn oude kennis om de nieuwe kennis te vergaren.
Een persoon die lang in een bepaalde context doorbrengt wordt één met deze context.
Het observeren van de complexiteit van een bepaald fenomeen of een situatie is persoonsgebonden. Wat de één simpel vindt, vindt de ander razend ingewikkeld. Hoe langer men met iets omgaat hoe meer structuur men ziet en hoe meer men complexiteit reduceert. Dit doet men door de structuur in te pakken in een simpele bekende structuur.
Een softwarecomplex wordt voorzien van een naam en omschrijving, die min of meer de vermeende lading dekt (het operating systeem of het internet). Met deze beschrijving wordt nu driftig verder gewerkt op het niveau van de concepten.
Zo is het mogelijk om complexen planmatig te koppelen en te herzien zonder, dat iemand inzicht heeft in de werkelijke mogelijkheden en onmogelijkheden. Alles gebeurt theoretisch met behulp van de modellen die men in zijn hoofd heeft.
Mensen zijn instaat om met grote structuren te manipuleren zonder enig inzicht te hebben in de interne werking van deze structuren. We geloven het letterlijk wel!
Als we een ingepakte gelaagde structuur weer uitpakken verwachten we laag na laag de indelingen en principes van de topstructuur. In de praktijk zijn diepere lagen totaal anders. Zo verklaren de meeste mensen alles met alles.
Mensen zitten in hun denkwereld gevangen. Innovatie is van buiten naar binnen kijken.
Het beeld van de werkelijkheid is ingepakt door de gebruiker. Deze heeft geen werkelijk zicht meer op zijn werkomgeving.
Een analist probeert zich in de denkwereld van zijn klant te verdiepen. Hij doet dit door deze denkwereld van boven naar beneden laag na laag in kaart te brengen.
De gebruiker “liegt” en verklaart alles met principes, die alleen op het hoogste niveau opgaan.
De analist brengt niet het systeem in kaart, maar de interpretatie van de gebruiker die zich midden in het systeem bevindt.
Het is zeer waarschijnlijk, dat ieder een ander beeld heeft van de werkelijkheid. We denken, dat we in staat zijn om op “exacte wijze” over deze beelden met elkaar te communiceren. Deze communicatie geeft ons het gevoel, dat we hetzelfde observeren.
We kunnen alleen innoveren als we buiten naar binnen werken of een ons permanent open stellen voor onze neiging om te verstarren (“een open mind”). Managers moeten hun medewerkers hier op aanspreken en tot voorbeeld zijn.
Mensen zijn overlevingsmachines. .Een bedreiging die zich op lange termijn voordoet wordt ingepakt/ weggestopt. Mensen houden van graduele aanpassing.
Veel van mechanismen, die de mens onmiddellijk paraat heeft zijn gericht overleven. Als het echt nodig is overrulen ze alle andere processen en passen onze perceptie aan. Als alles rustig zijn gang gaat zien we de veranderingen niet meer. Bekend is het verhaal van de levende kikker die zich zonder problemen liet koken in een langzaam opwarmende pan.
Ideeën besturen mensen
Ideeën besturen de mens. Net als genen.
Sommige ideeën hebben een grotere kracht dan andere. De term “meme” heeft Denett gebaseerd op het begrip “gene” (gen). Dit om aan te duiden, dat er op het niveau van concepten vergelijkbare evolutieprincipes spelen, als op het niveau van de genen.
Concepten zijn volgens hem een vanzelfsprekende opvolger in het evolutieproces. Conceptstructuren ontwikkelen zich net als de soorten zonder bemoeienis van de mens. De mens fungeert als transformator. Memen kunnen zich nog niet buiten de mens om voorplanten.
Concepten worden bij het ontwerpen vertaald in objecten en algoritmen. Dit betekent, dat de invloed van het evolutieproces van de memen ook in de softwareontwikkeling zichtbaar zou moeten zijn.
Het feit, dat we invloed van de memen op ons functioneren niet zien is verklaarbaar. Mensen kunnen er niet goed tegen om het gevoel te hebben, dat ze geen beheersing hebben over hun omgeving.
Het gaat hierbij zover, dat men de waarheid aanpast (“liegen”). Dit “liegen” moeten we niet verwarren met het intentioneel niet de waarheid vertellen. Men is zich er niet bewust van. Het besturen van mensen moet worden gebaseerd op kennis van de manier, waarop meme’s de mens sturen. Een manager moet zijn mensen verleiden, manipuleren, hypnotiseren etc. Helaas hebben deze woorden tot op heden een negatieve bijklank.
Ideeën gaan voor het denken uit. Mensen zijn bang om te falen.
Excellente ontwikkelaars denken niet na, maar vertrouwen op hun intuïtie. De Indiase filosoof Sri Aurobindo zegt in een brief (“Letters of Sri Aurobindo 3rd series 1949”)* het volgende:
“Het intellect is een onzinnig overactief deel van de natuur; het denkt altijd, dat er niets goed gedaan kan worden tenzij het een vinger in de pap heeft, en daarom rijdt het instinctief de inspiratie in de wielen, blokkeert deze voor de helft of voor meer dan de helft, en stelt alles in het werk om zijn eigen minderwaardige moeizame producten in de plaats te stellen van het ware spreken en het ware ritme dat had moeten komen. De dichter ploetert vertwijfeld rond om het ware woord te vinden, het authentieke ritme, de werkelijke goddelijke substantie van wat hij te zeggen heeft, terwijl het de hele tijd kant en klaar daarachter ligt te wachten”.
De opkomst van een idee gaat voor het denken uit. Het denkproces haalt het idee uit elkaar en analyseert de consequenties van het uitvoeren van het idee.
Denken is een middel om het gevaar op korte termijn in kaart te brengen en te bezweren. Goede ontwerpers en programmeurs (meestal zitten ze samen in één persoon) zijn pas na het maken van het programma in staat om hun werkwijze te verklaren.
Ze hebben een “direct link” tussen de ideeëngenerator en de programmamaker in hun hersenen. Hoe beter de programmeertaal dit toestaat (APL!) hoe beter het gaat. Het toepassen van een methode of het documenteren zien ze als mosterd na de maaltijd.
We moeten de intuïtie van mensen meer ruimte geven door ze het gevoel te geven, dat ze mogen falen.
Een groep mensen moet zichzelf besturen. Hoe verder men afstaat van de werkelijkheid hoe meer het beeld verandert en verslechtert
Het besturen van ontwikkelingen heeft twee kanten namelijk het besturen van de structuur, zoals de bestuurder die ziet en het besturen van de personen die deel uitmaken van de structuur.
Veel bestuurders denken, dat hun medewerkers hetzelfde weten en denken als zijzelf. Dit is vrijwel nooit het geval. Bestuurders steunen meestal sterk op denkbeelden, die hén succesvol hebben gemaakt. De consequentie is, dat medewerkers in het algemeen de opdrachten van hun bazen niet goed uitvoeren.
De bazen verklaren deze houding van hun medewerkers vanuit: “ze willen niet”. Aan dit spel der verbeelding kan erg veel tijd en geld worden besteed.
Het besturen van een complexe structuur met een hiërarchie die zich niet kan verdiepen in de denkwereld van de ontwikkelaar werkt niet.
Op dit te voorkomen zijn managementprincipes bedacht als “management-by-walking-around”. De meeste managers blijven echter liever in hun werkkamer zitten of versterken hun beeld van de wereld door met collega-managers te overleggen.
Op deze wijze scheppen zij het “zwarte-management-gat”. Bij grote ontwikkel- en beheerprojecten is de perceptie van de bestuurder in het algemeen sterk afwijkend van die van de ontwikkelaars. De status en de voortgang van het project zijn niet echt bekend bij de bestuurders. Dit alles pleit voor “zelfsturende” teams. Deze teams moeten worden gemanipuleerd door ideeën.
Top-down ontwikkelen mislukt vrijwel altijd. De (denk-)wereld bestaat uit vele los -samenhangende en vaak overlappende structuren. We kunnen geen alomvattende systemen bouwen.
Het top-down uitwerken van een complexe structuur met een consistent principe mislukt. De reden is dat we op een bepaald ogenblik op een anders gestructureerde laag stuiten en het niet aandurven om het verklaringsprincipe aan te passen. De A-schematechniek van ISAC is door deze reden nooit bruikbaar geworden.
Gegevensmodellen op een hoog abstract niveau zijn in niet in één slag te detailleren naar het allerlaagste niveau. Ergens gaat het mis.
Als we de juiste aanpassingen hebben aangebracht en de zaak weer “naar boven” proberen sluitend te maken treedt hetzelfde probleem op. De abstracte structuur klopt niet. We pendelen dan van boven naar beneden in de abstractie.
Een ervaren ontwikkelaar begint er gewoon niet meer aan. Het beste is om middenin te beginnen en de botsing van de opgesplitste niet aansluitende eenheden af te wachten en dan pas af te handelen.
Het is trouwens niet op voorhand duidelijk wat middenin is. Er is een wet van behoud op het niveau van de objecten en regels. Hoe minder objecten, hoe meer regels. De meeste mensen zien de regels niet.
Hierdoor is het aantrekkelijk om bij de topstructuur te beginnen. Regels worden pas veel later in het proces toegevoegd. Top-down ontwikkelen is nog steeds de meest gebruikte aanpak.
Hierdoor worden er veel niet passende structuren ontwikkeld, zodat er op de lange termijn veel moet worden aangepast. De top-down structuur blijft dan vaak dan in concept in leven en vormt de verklaring voor het complex.
Het mislukken van de besturing over een proces wordt meestal niet gezien of zelfs bewust verborgen, omdat dit tot teveel statusverlies leidt. We moeten streven naar software, die zich beperkt tot een kennisdomein. Hierbij geldt de regel beter te klein dan te groot.
Er is een geloof in de perfecte aanpak, die morgen komt. Men moet niet te snel veranderen. Verbeter wat er is. Soms is het nodig om kapot te maken. Het systeem is oud.
Sommige ideeën hebben een zeer sterke aantrekkingskracht. Ze gaan “als een lopend vuurtje” door de samenleving en worden door velen als verklaring gebruikt.
Door de massamedia wordt dit proces versneld. Het lijkt erop, dat ideeën sneller opkomen en sneller uitsterven. Dezelfde ideeën komen net als een virus terug, maar vaak onder een andere naam.
Een aantal zeer oude verworvenheden in de softwareontwikkeling worden stelselmatig opnieuw uitgevonden nadat een nieuw concept heeft gefaald. In de huidige periode zijn we gevangen door de PC en het daarmee samenhangende “client-server”-concept. Duidelijk mag zijn, dat de PC perfect past in het principe van “total-control”.
Vele PC’s aan elkaar gekoppeld door een netwerk lijken erg veel op een mainframe met parallelle processoren. We kunnen dus veel ervaring ontlenen aan het ontwikkelen voor het mainframe. Toch begon iedereen opnieuw het wiel uit te vinden.
Een tragisch voorbeeld zijn de performance-problemen bij Client-server-applicaties, die veroorzaakt worden door niet geoptimaliseerde gegevensstructuren.
Automatiseerders houden niet van herhaling. Ze zoeken de kick in het steeds opnieuw beginnen.
We vinden deze observatie terug in de beroemde uitspraak over de “silver-bullit” uit 1982 van P. Brooks in zijn boek The Mythical Man-month (“There are no simple, easy-to-implement answers for excellence in software-development“).
Soms is het nodig om radicaal opnieuw te beginnen en alle “heilige huisjes” te vernietigen. Toch komt ook dit proces vaak neer op het verplaatsen van bouwstenen, waardoor een ander perspectief ontstaat.
Samenvatting
Na enige tijd verzinnen mensen altijd een verklaring voor iets. In deze verklaring gaan ze leven. Als er niet iets dramatisch verandert, zien ze de wereld niet meer veranderen.
Ideeën sturen mensen. We noemen dit intuïtie. “Denken” gebeurt pas na ideeënvorming en werkt voor een groot deel preventief: het vermijdt dat we falen. We kunnen de intuïtie stimuleren door falen niet af te straffen.
We denken, dat anderen onze motivatie altijd goed snappen. Dit komt omdat we geloven dat iedereen dezelfde zaken meemaakt en dezelfde wijze van redeneren heeft.
Hoe verder men van een proces afstaat hoe slechter het beeld. Men kan een proces alleen besturen als men er midden instaat. Dit vraagt om “zelf-sturende” teams.
Mensen zijn overlevingsmachines. Een simpele structuur is niet bedreigend en een complexe structuur kan bedreigend zijn. Een bedreiging die zich op lange termijn voordoet wordt ingepakt/ weggestopt. Mensen houden van graduele aanpassing.
Op elkaar lijkende structuren kunnen een totaal ander verklaringsmodel hebben. Dit kan soms aan een onbeduidende variabele liggen. We moeten veel vaker opnieuw beginnen.
Een topdown analyse schiet altijd door. We moeten tot inzicht komen door op- en neer te gaan in een structuur. Zo ontdekken we de echte contouren.
Er is een geloof, dat morgen alles beter wordt. Men is geneigd om nieuwe aanpakken ongetest op grote schaal op te pakken. Het is beter om wat men heeft te verbeteren. Als het echt niet meer gaat moet men wat men heeft in stukken hakken en deze stukken op een andere manier weer aan elkaar lijmen.
De evolutie-theorie
Wat is evolutie?
Een evolutionair proces moet altijd ergens in plaatsvinden. We noemen die plaats het universum. We kunnen daarbij denken aan de werkelijke wereld, maar ook aan een computer of het brein.
De karakteristieken van het universum bepalen het evolutionaire proces dat er plaats vindt. In het universum moet er iets zijn, waar evolutie op wordt toegepast, een substantie, zoals materie of ideeën. Evolutie maakt van deze substantie complexe structuren. Deze structuren passen zich aan.
Om aanpassing mogelijk te maken zijn er twee mechanismen nodig, n.l. variatie en selectie. De eerste verandert structuren random. Het variatiemechanisme weet niets van het bestaan van de structuur. Het variatiemechanisme behoort bij de structuur.
Selectie bepaalt welke veranderde onderdelen van de structuur behouden blijven. Ook de selectie weet in het algemeen niets af van de structuur.
Als we naar de natuur kijken kunnen we in structuren lagen onderscheiden, die in meer of minder mate onderhevig zijn aan evolutie. Hoe meer de laag is ingekapseld hoe minder hij zich aanpast of anders gezegd hoe stabieler hij is. De buitenlaag beschermt de binnenlaag.
De lagen communiceren met elkaar. We zouden kunnen stellen, dat de buitenlaag het universum vormt voor de binnenlaag. Binnenstructuren veranderen veel langzamer dan buitenstructuren. Ze zijn “klaar” met evolueren.
In een universum kunnen zich meerdere structuren bevinden, die naast elkaar opereren. Een evoluerende structuur kan deel uit maken van een selectiemechanisme van een andere structuur. We hebben de neiging om evoluerende structuren te groeperen. Het is de vraag of deze ordening bijdraagt aan de verklaring van wat er gebeurt.
We kijken bijvoorbeeld naar structuren, die elkaar “in de weg zitten” of die geen invloed op elkaar uitoefenen. We kunnen structuren in de tijd bekijken. We noemen ze dan generaties.
Selectie kan in verband worden gebracht met schaarste (in geld en tijd). Hoe minder mogelijkheden er zijn om de problemen op te lossen hoe sneller men gedwongen wordt een sprong te maken naar een ander universum. In het algemeen schept “ongebreidelde” vrijheid geen enkele structuur.
Organisaties hergedefinieerd met behulp van de evolutieleer.
Als we de biologie gebruiken als denkwereld lijkt een organisatie op een soort naarmate de medewerkers meer op elkaar lijken. Hier komt het principe van de “identiteit” bij De Geus naar boven. Wat we willen is de soort zo lang mogelijk in stand houden. We willen heel lang hetzelfde zien. Dit stelt ons als mens gerust.
Soorten evolueren snel als er veel veranderingen optreden in de omgeving en als er een hoge mate van interactie is tussen de individuen op fysiek niveau (kunnen bewegen) en mentaal niveau (kunnen communiceren met tekens). Zodra de soort er echter erg veel anders uitziet noemen we hem anders. Dit geldt ook voor organisaties.
De transitie van de ene naar de ander soort gaat bij organisaties gepaard met zeer complexe rituelen (faillissement). In essentie blijft er altijd wel ergens een verzameling mensen en memen bijeen.
Om een organisatie in stand te houden moet men niet teveel veranderingen oppakken en de interne communicatie niet reguleren. Beide zaken komen neer op het aanbrengen van een afscherming naar buiten en het afschermen van de communicatie tussen mensen. Duidelijk zal zijn, dat een dergelijke organisatie op termijn dood gaat.
Langlevende organisaties zijn dat door mazzel, bijvoorbeeld doordat hun externe omgeving lang gelijk blijft. Het gaat er om, om bij geleidelijke veranderingen op tijd schotten weg te halen en/of te verplaatsen.
De evolutieleer toegepast op software
Richard Dawkins beschrijft het evolutieproces in zijn boek “The blind watchmaker” als volgt “ We have seen that living things are too improbable and too beautiful “designed” to have come into existence by chance . The answer, Darwin’s answer, is by gradual, step-by-step transformations from simple beginnings, from premordial entities sufficiently simple to have come in existence by chance“.
In dit groeiproces ontstaan min of meer stabiele lagen (soorten), die als startpunt fungeren voor een diversificatie. De transformatie wordt bepaald door een selectiemechanisme, dat op den duur overleven of sterven bepaald.
Het ontwikkelen van complexe software-architecturen kan gezien worden als een graduele transformatie van programma’s gestuurd door een selectiemechanisme. Dit mechanisme heeft nu nog via de mens, op het individuele niveau, zijn werking.
Ik schrijf nadrukkelijk “nu nog via de mens”, omdat ik het niet voor onmogelijk houdt, dat het groeiproces ook zonder kan. De komst van de computer biedt de evolutie de mogelijkheid om het groeiproces te parallelliseren.
Het selectiemechanisme is in de loop der tijd veranderd. Eerst werd er gelet op een minimaal geheugengebruik. Daarna werd “het op tijd zijn” de belangrijkste factor. Nu dit niet meer lukt is de functionaliteit van de software zelf van belang. We kunnen zaken makkelijker vervangen dan vroeger. Dit hangt samen met de weg die software is gelopen. Van de computer, via het project naar de gebruiker
De diepere infrastructurele lagen van de software (bijv. het operating systeem) hebben zich genoeglijk ingepakt. Zij laten de buitenste lagen de druk van de variatie opvangen.
Evolutie volgens Kauffmann
Richard Kauffmann vindt de verklaring van Dawkins niet voldoende. In zijn boek “The origins of order” toont hij aan, dat ordening een eigenschap is van bepaalde zichzelf reproducerende netwerkstructuren.
Belangrijk zijn de verhouding tussen het aantal verbindingen, het aantal knooppunten en de mate van terugkoppeling in het netwerk. Netwerken met gemiddelde twee verbindingen per knooppunt vertonen vanzelf een hoge mate van ordening.
Hoe meer koppelingen hoe lager de ordening. Netwerkstructuren kunnen in de tijd convergeren, divergeren en trillen op de grens tussen orde en chaos Deze laatste toestand is de meest adaptieve toestand. De drie toestanden zijn te vergelijken met vaste stof, gas en vloeistof.
Kaufmann’s theorie is toepasbaar op vele structuren, van het DNA tot de maatschappij. We definiëren nu een idee->mens->software-combinatie. De mens fungeert als een transformatiestation.
Het totale netwerk kan een ordening gaan krijgen, instabiel worden of op de grens van de chaos gaan verkeren (Kaufmann) en zich door een selectiemechanisme gradueel aanpassen (Dawkins/ Denett*).
Het netwerk bevat terugkoppeling. Kaufmann’s boek gaat voor het grootste deel over de biochemie, maar in een tweetal bladzijden probeert hij zijn theorie uit op technologie transfer en concepten.
Hij komt tot de volgende conclusies:
Hoe meer verschillende knooppunten in het netwerk worden gekoppeld hoe meer diversiteit er ontstaat.
Dit verklaart de enorme diversiteit van software door de komst van de PC. We kunnen nu voorspellen, dat het Internet een nog grotere diversiteit zal geven, die wellicht zal omslaan in een chaotische toestand. Hoe meer mensen met andere culturen in aanraking komen hoe groter de diversiteit aan concepten. Dit kan leiden tot structuurloosheid en chaos.
Hoe verder men in de toekomst plant hoe meer diversiteit er ontstaat.
Ad-hoc werken geeft sterke ordening en uiteindelijk stilstand. Het systeem kan niet meer reageren op grote veranderingen in de omgeving. Door te spelen met de termijn van planning kunnen we de groei van het netwerk beïnvloeden.
Hoe beter een systeem ontworpen is, hoe kwetsbaarder het is voor verandering.
Deze regel pleit er voor om ontwerpen te maken, die niet precies passen op het op te lossen probleem. Een hoge graad van redundantie vermindert de kwetsbaarheid. Wellicht moet er toch meer op “z’n beloop gelaten worden”.
Er komen altijd verstoringen voor.
Dit is de wet van Murphy. Er zit trouwens wel regelmaat in het voorkomen van dergelijke foutsituaties. Het is nodig om dit te weten, omdat men anders gaat zoeken naar oorzaken, die er niet zijn. Bij mijn weten is er op dit gebied nog geen onderzoek gedaan.
Hoe beter het model van de werkelijkheid hoe chaotischer het gedrag.
Het loont helemaal niet om informatiesystemen te verbeteren. Uiteindelijk kan een onderneming aan een perfecte informatievoorziening ten onder gaan. Alles weten is niet goed voor een mens. We zullen het besturingsmodel van de onderneming en de mens eens op deze inzichten moeten aanpassen.
Spelen met tussenschotten, lagen en stromen
Het wordt tijd om tot een conclusie te komen. Aan de hand van de geschiedenis van de automatisering zijn we van bouwen, via besturen bij groeien aangekomen.
Hierbij moet groeien worden gezien als een continu proces van ontstaan, ontwikkelen en sterven van steeds nieuwe soorten.
De productie aan software is zo groot en onsamenhangend geworden, dat we mee moeten gaan met de stroom.
Er komt software op ons af, die we niet eens willen ontvangen (virussen).
De evolutietheorie zou bruikbaar moeten zijn om de softwarewereld te beschrijven. In dit hoofdstuk probeer ik te spelen met denkbeelden over netwerken en te komen tot een manier om te zaak te kunnen hanteren.
Het netwerk is een belangrijk concept aan het worden
Zowel in de automatisering, als in de biologie en de cognitiepsychologie is het netwerk een belangrijk concept aan het worden.
In de verschillende wetenschappen zijn de knooppunten (computers, genen en neuronen) anders van inhoud. Toch worden gelijksoortige conclusies getrokken. Door het netwerk stroomt informatie. Deze informatie wordt gedragen door een medium (electronen, RNA).
Structuur ontstaat door weloverwogen met koppelingen om te gaan en de terugkoppeling in het netwerk te regelen. Door “schotjes” tussen compartimenten te plaatsen of weg te halen ontwikkelen delen zich alleen of samen.
De informatie stroomt dan via andere kanalen. Soms lopen paden dood. Andere paden sluiten in zichzelf: een “loop”. Gekoppelde delen streven naar een evenwicht. Soms lukt dit niet en wordt het patroon (tijdelijk) chaotisch. Het netwerk kan zich hierdoor aan een observator vast, vloeibaar (beweeglijk) en chaotisch van structuur tonen.
De meest flexibele structuur is vloeibaar. In vloeibare toestand kan een deel van het netwerk structuur hebben en een ander deel chaotisch zijn.
Een vloeibare structuur kan zich snel reconstrueren en instellen op veranderingen in de buitenwereld. Een kleine verandering kan een gestructureerd gebied op grote schaal van structuur doen veranderen. Sommige gebieden zijn bestand tegen veranderingen. Ze herstructureren pas na grote druk.
Netwerken van mensen
Als we van mensen en hun communicatie een netwerk maken ontstaan organisaties en projecten. Dit zijn patronen, die geruime tijd blijven bestaan.
Ze blijven langere tijd in stand, omdat ze zichzelf reproduceren en bestand zijn tegen veranderingen. De structuur van het netwerk bewerkstelligt dit. Er is een afbakening gemaakt tussen binnen en buiten.
De mensen hebben een bril op gekregen, die ze het idee geeft, dat de binnen- en buitenwereld stabiel is of voorspelbaar verandert. Deze bril noemen we vaak cultuur of visie.
Door de komst van communicatienetwerken worden steeds meer connecties tussen mensen gemaakt. Dit resulteert in andere bestendige patronen dan de huidige. We noemen deze patronen netwerkorganisaties.
De afscherming tussen bedrijfsonderdelen door een hiërarchie werkt niet meer. De “top” wordt hierdoor geïsoleerd van zijn onderlaag. Projecten transformeren zich in “autonome teams”, die zich in onderling overleg specialiseren in een bepaald productieproces.
Een flexibel mensennetwerk is vloeibaar
Een vloeibare mensenstructuur is een structuur die bijna uit elkaar valt.
Indien een team langdurig een vast patroon vertoont, moet de manager zorgdragen voor nieuwe “losheid”. Menselijke structuren hebben nu eenmaal de neiging om te verstarren.
Het is niet de bedoeling, dat managers structuren permanent “kapot maken”. Dit geeft stress.
Indien een structuur doelgericht werkt is vastigheid een noodzaak. Soms kan het verplaatsen van één medewerker al nieuwe vloeibaarheid bewerkstelligen (“never change a winning team”).
Een mensennetwerk deelt concepten. Een stabiele mensenstructuur betekent een stabiel patroon van data-uitwisseling en daardoor gedeelde concepten.
Concepten veranderen mensen en mensen veranderen concepten. Hoe meer koppelingen er komen, hoe meer concepten zullen worden gedeeld. Er ontstaat een evenwichtstoestand.
Ook hier moet iemand de evenwichtstoestand verstoren als binnen- en buitenwereld teveel van elkaar gaan afwijken. Mensen hebben de eigenschap om hun beeld van de buitenwereld aan te passen aan hun binnenwereld.
Netwerken van concepten
In het boek ” Fluid concepts and creative analogies (1995)” doet Hofstadter verslag van zijn experimenten over “Fundamental mechanisms of thought”.
Creativiteit is volgens hem een product van “subcognitive pressure” that probabilistically influence the building and reforming of representations […] Cognititive representations are relativily immune to contextual pressure […] A crucial role is played by the inner structure of concepts and conceptual neighborhoods”.
Creativiteit verschijnt door het uitoefenen van druk, waardoor er foutjes ontstaan in meestal stabiele structuren (“slips of the tongue”). Deze stabiele structuren bestaan uit concepten met hun omgeving.
Nieuwe concepten ontstaan in mensen onder druk. Ze komen meestal spontaan in mensen op na een periode van spanning. Op het juiste moment tijdens het examen komt een briljante inval. Kunstenaars maken gebruik van deze aanpak om bijzondere dingen te laten ontstaan. Inspiratie resulteert helaas niet altijd in briljante ideeën. Niet alle foutjes zijn bruikbaar net als in de evolutie.
Sommige mensen krijgen vaak briljante invallen. Ze combineren onbekende gebieden.
Sommige mensen hebben meer dan anderen last van briljantie. We noemen ze wonderkinderen of genieën. Vaak hebben ze interesse in vele haaks op elkaar staande vakgebieden. Ze brengen nog onbekende combinaties tot stand, zodat er letterlijk een nieuwe vonk kan overspringen. Naast briljante mensen zijn er mensen nodig die de gaten vullen, die door de voortrekkers zijn gemaakt.
Concepten veranderen via mensen de werkelijkheid
Aansprekende concepten verleiden mensen tot realisatie. Deze realisatie vindt plaats in de wereld waar men deel van uitmaakt. Men zet de componenten die men kent en een beperkt aantal nieuwe, in de gewenste volgorde. Vaak zijn er standaardpatronen om een passende volgorde te bewerkstelligen.
Realisatie blijkt plaats te vinden via vaste patronen
De architect Christopher Alexander heeft veertien jaar gewerkt aan het boek ” The Timeless Way of Building” (1979).
Het boek gaat over het ontwerpen en realiseren van drie dimensionale structuren, zoals een tuin, een gebouw of een stad die beschikken over “Quality without a name “. Dit begrip is wellicht het best te beschrijven met “het gevoel, dat het goed zit”.
“Quality without a name” ontstaat door het gebruik van “design patterns ( = ontwerppatroon)”. Een ontwerppatroon is een aanpak om in een bepaalde (fysieke) context een krachtenveld in balans te krijgen.
Dit krachtenveld bestaat uit natuurlijke krachten (b.v. de zwaartekracht) en menselijke krachten. Bij de menselijke krachten kan gedacht worden aan de behoefte om in bepaalde (omschreven) gevallen alleen te zijn en de behoefte om in andere omstandigheden ruimte te delen.
De krachten verkeren soms in een wankele balans. Ze trillen rondom om een evenwicht. Het ontwikkelen van een patroon gaat gepaard met vele jaren observatie en verbetering. Alexander vergelijkt de moeilijkheidsgraad met “anything in theoretical physics”.
Men krijgt gauw een gevoel, maar “it is very hard to be precise, because there is never any one formulation of the pattern which is perfectly exact”.
Een goede beschrijving is een “a kind of fluid image, a swirling intuition about form, which captures the invariant field“.
Het formuleren van een patroon als een spanning tussen krachten is een prachtig idee. Het hele boek geeft je trouwens het gevoel, dat er een “quality without a name” in zit. Alexander heeft in de veertien jaar van schrijven waarschijnlijk zoveel geschrapt, herschreven, gewikt en gewogen, dat de essentie er echt in staat.
Patronen overlappen en verwekken daarmee nieuwe patronen. Patronen bestaan altijd uit overlappende onderdelen. Een patroon kan een ander patroon starten. Dit betekent, dat er veel vanzelf gaat.
Door het “goede gevoel” gaan mensen ook als vanzelfsprekend mee. Zij groeien in hun omgeving en laten hun omgeving groeien.
Een combinatie van patronen noemt Alexander een taal. Een taal is “a good one”, als ze “morfologisch’ compleet is. Dit betekent, dat men het eindresultaat kan visualiseren.
Daarnaast moeten in alle mogelijke combinaties van patronen de krachten in evenwicht blijven. Een cultuur is een specifieke verzameling patronen.
Ontwerpen is het innemen van de ideeënruimte en verwezenlijken is het veroveren van de materiële ruimte.
In beide worden patronen gevolgd. De ruimte is vrijwel nooit leeg. Zij dwingt tot aanpassing. De goede ontwerper voelt de lopende patronen in de ruimte en gaat met ze mee. De som van patronen biedt altijd ruimte tot manoeuvreren, maar geen oneindige variatie.
Een structuur zit ingepakt in een hogere ordening die hem beschermt tegen verandering
Een hogere ordening betekent, dat de structuur selectiecriteria bevat, die invloed uitoefenen op de onderdelen van de “lagere” structuur.
Beschermen wil hier zeggen, dat grote veranderingen worden tegengehouden. Als men zich aan de regels houdt gaat alles goed. Hoe dieper je kijkt hoe langzamer het veranderingsproces verloopt. Er zijn steeds meer wetten zichtbaar.
Diepe structuren kunnen letterlijk geen kant op. Ze dragen de last van de hogere structuren.
Je kunt een structuur in een hogere versnelling zetten als je de regels van de hogere weghaalt. Bij mensen spreken we dan van een cultuurverandering.
Grote aanpassingen gaan als schokgolven door vele structuren heen. Sommige mensen worden ziek als er een grote reorganisatie plaatsvindt. Vaak worden bij reorganisatie de echte regels niet weggehaald of onderkent. Alles blijft hetzelfde. In de storm buigen de bomen mee. Na de storm gaan de bomen weer rechtop staan.
Mensen beroerden met behulp van hun instrumenten andere diepere structuren
Men kan in diepere structuren reiken door hulpmiddelen te maken. Je kunt rijden met een auto. Je speelt muziek met een viool. Je kunt de atomenruimte bekijken met een electronenmicroscoop.
Deze instrumenten beroeren de diepere structuur. Na enige tijd zijn mensen één met hun instrument. Het instrument heeft ze van binnen geordend. Het vervangen van een instrument heeft vaak grote invloed op de mens die hem gebruikt. Men komt van de ene in de andere ruimte.
De instrumenten hebben zich in de tijd verbonden met de hand, het oog en het oor. Meestal spelen ze het spel op juiste manier. Ze veranderen de ruimte niet fundamenteel. Ze laten de schotten op de oude plaats staan.
In het verleden waren alle instrumenten analoog of mechanisch van aard. Het koppelen van mechanische instrumenten met raderen en tandwielen is een hele klus.
Koppelingen van instrumenten voor oog en oor werden makkelijker door de vloeibaarheid en kneedbaarheid van het licht en de electronenstroom.
Deze hulpmiddelen worden nu vervangen door software (digitaal). We zijn deze softwarestructuren aan het koppelen. Koppelingen tussen software zijn erg vloeibaar. Dit maakt, dat we voorheen niet gekoppelde of diepere lagen in beroering brengen. Ze komen in een gezamenlijk evenwicht of raken een tijdje chaotisch.
Software koppelt steeds meer ruimten en maakt steeds meer tussenlagen overbodig.
Ook tussen softwarecomponenten zitten schotten. We noemen ze interfaces. Veel interfaces zijn slecht gedefinieerd. Ze vallen niet op en laten dan ook weinig stroom door.
Softwaresystemen met dergelijke koppelingen zijn inflexibel. Het zijn meestal grote oude brokken software of stukken software die erg nieuw zijn. Ze hebben nog geen ontwikkeling doorgemaakt.
De meest vloeibare koppeling tussen softwaresystemen is een koppeling via informatie. Op dit ogenblik zijn er nog vrijwel geen zelfstructurerende softwarecomplexen. Ze zullen er zeker gaan komen.
Concepten worden omgezet middels taal omgezet in software
Taal is het instrument van de hersenen, het denken.
Software (“taal geordend volgens Chomsky”) bevat ook “design patterns”. De “design patterns” van Alexander zijn op dit ogenblik de nieuwe rage in de software-engineering. In dit zeer technische vakgebied probeert men om complexe softwaresystemen te bouwen, die meestal op de achtergrond functies uitvoeren in de infrastructuur.
Men heeft tientallen jaren nagedacht over hoe een structuur flexibel kan worden ontworpen. Gebleken is dat aanpassen van onderliggende lagen op de achtergrond zo’n grote impact op de achtergrond op de achtergrond heeft op de bovenliggende, dat men zaken liever hetzelfde laat.
Hoe dieper je in de software duikt hoe ouder ze wordt.
Men is er wel achter gekomen, dat flexibele systemen moeten bestaan uit softwareonderdelen, die uitsluitend met elkaar communiceren met behulp van berichten. Denk hierbij aan mensen, die met elkaar praten.
Op geen enkele wijze mag de bouwsteen, object genoemd, zijn interne structuur laten zien. Op deze wijze wordt het mogelijk om de binnenkant aan te passen zonder dat de interactie moet worden aangepast.
Daarnaast is men druk bezig om zoveel mogelijk onderdelen te hergebruiken. Dit doet men door verzamelingen, klassen genoemd, te onderscheiden. Een object zit in een klasse (bijv. de klasse mensen). Deze klasse heeft eigenschappen (bijv. mensen lopen). Deze eigenschap wordt doorgegeven naar een deelverzameling (bijv. vrouwen), die zelf weer eigen eigenschappen heeft (kinderen baren). Vrouwen lopen doordat ze deel uit maken van de verzameling mensen.
Zo zijn enorme verzamelingstructuren ontstaan met steeds andere meestal technische, bijv. de klasse van de printer of het scherm) uitgangspunten. Er blijkt geen eenduidige indeling te bestaan.
Twee ontwerpers lossen hetzelfde probleem soms totaal anders op. Dit maakt het ideaal van het één keer maken en daarna overal toepassen een “fata morgana”. De “design patterns” zijn een koppeling van meerdere objecten. Er blijken net als in de 3D-wereld een aantal zeer vaak voorkomende grotere structuren te zijn, die een software ontwerper het “goede gevoel” geven.
Krachtige memen bezitten de “quality without a name”, Ze zijn een krachtenveld in balans.
De theorie van de objecten is zonder veel problemen om te zetten naar andere vakgebieden. Ze is een ideale manier om structuur aan te brengen.
Eigenlijk ben je bezig om met taal te spelen. Objecten zijn zelfstandige naamwoorden en verbindingen tussen deze objecten zijn werkwoorden.
Deze analogie geeft de gelegenheid om Alexander los te laten op memen, de genen van de taal.
Deze zouden de “design patterns” in onze taal zijn, die de taalruimte innemen en samengaan met bestaande patronen.
Een meme is dan een “krachtenveld in balans”. Meestal een combinatie van tegendelen. Een krachtig meme beschikt over “the quality without a name”.
Wiskunde is het grootste sterk samenhangende meme op aarde. Het kan de basis worden van alles.
Conceptcomplexen (memen) fungeren als selectiemiddel voor andere complexen. Net als de leeuw het schaap dwingt om te veranderen in de tijd of om eeuwig als zijn voedsel te dienen.
Sterke memen drukken zwakke memen weg. Het is gelukkig nog niet duidelijk welk mechanisme hier een rol speelt. Als we het zouden weten zouden we iedereen onder controle kunnen brengen.
Sterke memen beschikken waarschijnlijk over zelfreferentie en bezitten in het netwerk van concepten, hun semantisch netwerk, meerdere terugkoppelingen. Op deze wijze reiken ze horizontaal in vele structuren en vormen ze verticaal een gesloten structuur.
Wiskunde is de meest pure en samenhangende conceptenwereld. Een goed bewijs geeft het “gevoel, dat het goed zit”. Het wiskunde-complex is zo groot en krachtig, dat het bestand is tegen vrijwel alle aanvallen van andere conceptstructuren.
Het is niet onwaarschijnlijk, dat we op termijn met voldoende rekenkracht beschikbaar, de werkelijkheid aan de wiskunde zullen moeten aanpassen. De druk om te verwezenlijken is immens.
Tot slot
Het sturen van een wereldwijd netwerk van mensen en meme’s lijkt onmogelijk. De stroom gaat zijn eigen gang.
Soms zijn er eilandjes van rust.
Hier kunnen we richting geven of denken we richting te kunnen geven.
Dit kunnen we doen door schotjes te verplaatsen. Het gaat om isoleren en weer open maken.
Waar alles heen gaat is een raadsel.
Op deze onzekerheid moeten we bedacht zijn.
Ik gok op de wiskunde als laatste redmiddel. Dit komt waarschijnlijk, omdat ik een wiskundige ben. Zo zit ik ook weer gevangen in mijn eigen denkwereld.
Het verbaast me steeds weer hoe ik na enige tijd nieuwe fascinerende onderwerpen tegenkom. De memen houden me bezig.
Dit artikel is een strijd met de tijd en de concepten geweest. Een aantal inzichten zijn pas, conform de theorie, onder druk op het laatste moment tot stand gekomen.
Wellicht raken ze geen snaar en ben ik onbegrijpelijk of saai.
Ik hoop, dat een aantal stukjes patronen in gang heeft gezet en inspiratie geeft.
Ik ben de enige zoon van een boer uit Wekerom en ben door mijn vader getraind in het boerenvak.
Mijn vader heeft mijn moeder in de oorlog leren kennen en is in haar geboorteplaats blijven wonen.
Wiskundige
Ik ben in mijn geboorteplaats, Leiden wis-natuur-en scheikunde gaan studeren en als wiskundig analist bij de ABN terecht gekomen waar ik snel carrière heb gemaakt als strateeg.
Rond 1997 ben ik een eigen bedrijf begonnen wat zich bezighoudt met Innovatie vooral m.b.v Slimme software.
Voedselketen
Een paar jaar geleden werd ik uitgenodigd voor een bijeenkomst van investeerders in de voedselketen in Wageningen.
Hierdoor werd mijn latente interesse voor de landbouw weer aangewakkerd. Wat mij vooral begon te interesseren was de relatie voedsel en gezondheid. Door het netwerk werd ik steeds doorverwezen naar deskundigen op dit gebied.
Tot mijn verbazing bleek dat al die deskundigen grotendeels in het duister tasten ten aanzien van de relatie voedsel/gezondheid.
Wat is Gezond?
De reden was dat men zich veel te veel had geconcentreerd op de statistiek en onvoldoende had rekening gehouden met het feit dat de mensheid heel divers is.
Als je die diversiteit combineert met het feit dat alle omstandigheden ook weer specifiek zijn kom je uit op een omkering van alles.
De mens heeft behoefte aan specifiek voedsel in specifieke omstandigheden (“personalized food”).
Slimme Technologie
Het model van Smart Computing komt uit de Psychologie.
Het woord Smart betekent dat het gedrag van de software niet is te onderscheiden van het gedrag van een mens. Een goed voorbeeld is de zelf-rijdende auto.
Slimme Voedselketen
In dit document concentreer ik me op de “slimme” voedselketen.
Een slim systeem heeft Zintuigen nodig (sensors), moet zelfstandig kunnen denken (analytics) en handelen (proces management) daarnaast moet het ook kunnen samenwerken (Community) met mensen en andere slimme systemen en overzicht houden (monitoring).
Ketenintegratie en Ketenomkering
Door het inzetten van slimme technologie verdwijnt de fysieke Intermediair.
Productie-Cyclus
Slimme systemen bewerkstelligen keten-integratie en keten-omkering.
De Rechts-draaiendeProductie–Cyclus en de LinksdraaiendeConsumptie-Cyclus worden gekoppeld door verscillende soorten “communities” die betrekking hebben op de verschillende kenmerken van een mens.
Directe Koppeling Producent en Consument
Keten-integratie resulteert in het direct koppelen van consument en producent.
De intermediair in de keten verdwijnt en wordt overgenomen door een (software)-infrastructuur die vaak wordt aangeduid met E-Commerce.
Consumenten kopen steeds meer hun producten in web-shops waarna de producten aan huis worden bezorgd.
Integreren Logistieke Stromen
Het thuis bezorgen gaat een revolutie ontketenen in de stadslogistiek omdat het gebruikelijk concept van het centrale (of regionale) distributiecentrum niet meer nodig is als je instaat bent om verschillende logistieke stromen slim te combineren.
Koppelen Lokale productie aan Lokale Markt
In het eerste stadium werd de web-shop vooral gebruikt om luxe goederen te verkopen maar sinds kort neemt het on-line kopen en bezorgen van voedsel enorm toe.
Autarkie
Een deel of een groot deel van dit voedsel wordt in de nabijheid van de klant geproduceerd en werd vroeger op lokale markten verhandeld. Dit resulteert in een hoog nivo van Autarkie (Zelfvoorziening).
Door de globalisatie worden lokale producten nu de hele wereld over getransporteerd en vice-versa waardoor er erg veel energie verloren gaat.
Bewuste Consumenten
Bewuste consumenten willen weer terug naar lokaal geproduceerde voeding. Dit geldt niet alleen voor voeding maar ook voor energie en werk. Er komt steeds meer behoefte aan zelfvoorziening (autarkie). Het is dan ook niet onwaarschijnlijk dat de lokale markt weer terugkomt.
Keten-omkering wil zeggen dat de consument en niet meer de producent aan het begin van de keten komt te staan. Die consument wordt nu het waarnemingsinstrument, de sensor, van de keten. Wat hem of haar aantrekt wordt uiteindelijk vertaald in een vraag. De grote vraag is hoe de consument zijn vraag kan articuleren.
Niet het produceren maar het consumeren wordt dominant in de waardeketen. De consument moet nog erg wennen aan het feit dat zijn vraag bepalend wordt voor het aanbod.
Steeds meer mensen beseffen dat voedsel heel belangrijk is voor hun welbevinden. Hierbij gaat het niet alleen om de ingrediënten maar ook om de wijze van de productie van deze ingrediënten in de voedselketen. Deze voedselketen integreert en keert net zo hard als alle andere waardeketens.
Voedselleer
De diëtetiek, de voedingsleer, is een hele oude wetenschap. In de preventieve holistische gezondheidsleer van Griekenland, Rome, China en India werd er veel aandacht besteed aan voedsel.
Voedsel in de zin van kruiden was ook het belangrijkste middel om een ziekte te genezen. De kruiden zijn in de loop der tijd getransformeerd in chemische (farmaceutische) geneesmiddelen. Wat veel mensen niet beseffen is dat medicijnen ook voedsel zijn.
De oude wetenschappers waren op de hoogte van het specifieke van het lichaam en de persoonlijkheid en ontwikkelden ook classificaties (de humores en de temperamenten) die tot op heden worden gebruikt in de psychologie (Big Five).
De visie van de beroemde Hippocrates op de diëtetiek wijkt in zijn wezen niet zo erg af van de huidige visie over voedsel. Los daarvan is er erg veel veranderd en die verandering is veroorzaakt door de technologie.
In het begin van de 20ste eeuw kreeg de technologie invloed op de medische wetenschap. Er werd steeds meer kennis verkregen over de onderdelen van het menselijk lichaam waardoor de specialisatie enorm toenam. In 1930 was 25% van de medici gespecialiseerd in 1980 80%.
Door de specialistische visie op de mens is de kennis over de voedselverwerking in het lichaam enorm toegenomen en begint men na het uitzoeken van het menselijk DNA ook steeds meer zicht te krijgen op de specialistische invloed van voedsel op de gezondheid.
Door de specialisatie is het holistische karakter van de geneeskunst grotendeels verdwenen.
Voedselkwaliteit
De invloed van de technologie op de voedselketen is enorm. De productieprocessen zijn opgeschaald en het voedsel is geoptimaliseerd zowel aan de buitenkant als aan de binnenkant. De tomaat van vroeger lijkt door de genetische manipulatie in niets op de tomaat van nu.
Het is de grote vraag of de ingrediënten van het huidige voedsel nog passen op het lichaam van toen.
Daarbij komt dat de bodem (‘de aarde”) steeds meer is ontdaan van zijn natuurlijke samenstelling waardoor ons voedsel belangrijke stoffen (zoals magnesium) mist.
De consument begint zich hiervan bewust te worden door allerlei publicaties en televisieprogramma’s en vraagt steeds duidelijker om gezond voedsel. Wat gezond is, is niet erg duidelijk. Er worden tientallen boeken op de markt gebracht die elkaar soms fors tegenspreken.
Persoonlijke Monitor
Om te voorkomen dat men door de bomen het bos niet meer blijft zien kan de technologie als hulpmiddel worden aangewend. Het wordt tijd voor de Persoonlijke Voedsel Monitor (PVM). Deze monitor moet de match maken tussen het voedsel en mens.
Wat er in het voedsel zit kan binnenkort door de persoonlijke spectrometer real-time in kaart worden gebracht. Op basis van het persoonlijke voedselprofiel kan dan worden bekeken of dit voedsel passend is.
Met behulp van lichaam-sensors in combinatie met een DNA-profiel kan real-time in kaart worden gebracht wat het lichaam op de lange en de korte termijn nodig en niet nodig heeft. Deze behoefte kan worden vertaald in ingrediënten en daarna in producten.
Daarnaast kan de PVM ook helpen bij het geven van inzicht in de relatie lichaam en voedsel door de koppeling aan een slim leersysteem (SLS).
Vraag en aanbod kunnen door de koppeling aan een E-Commerce systeem direct aan elkaar worden verbonden waardoor het “gezonde” voedsel “on demand” kan worden thuis bezorgd.
Als mensen hun persoonlijke data willen delen kunnen we met behulp van statistische analyse-software (“Big Data”) real-time wetenschappelijk onderzoek doen naar de relatie voedsel en gezondheid en de resultaten persoonlijk terugkoppelen.
Hierdoor kun je heel goed zien hoe je “het doet” ten opzichte van mensen die op je lijken. Indien er interesse is kunnen die mensen ook met elkaar in contact komen. Natuurlijk moet er hier goed aandacht worden besteed aan privacy.
Biophotonen
Albert Propp is de ontdekker van de biophoton een lichtsignaal dat iedere cel uitzendt en door het lichaam worden gebruikt voor interne communicatie. Hierbij wordt het DNA als versterker gebruikt.
Roel van Wijk en zijn zoon Eduard hebben bij het inmiddels opgeheven Sino-Dutch Centre for Preventive and Personalized Medicine van TNO in Leiden onderzoek gedaan naar Bophotonen en een meter ontwikkeld waarmee deze zijn te meten.
Het Licht van de cellen wordt in China en India levensenergie (Chi,Prana) genoemd.
M.b.v. de meter is het mogelijk om de kwaliteit van voedsel te meten waarbij het duidelijk wordt dat het voedsel genetisch is gemanipuleerd maar bijv. ook bij eieren wat de levenskwaliteit was van de kip.
AAngezien er hier sprake is van een objectieve meting zou de overheid dit verplicht kunnen stellen of Roel & Eduard kunnen een speciale meter op de markt zetten die de consument zelf kan gebruiken.
Het DNA speelt een heel andere rol dan werd gedacht. Het is een opslagsysteem van de levensloop (inclusief die van de ouders en voorouders en fungeert als een zender en ontvanger voor de communicatie tussen niet aleen de cel-cel-communicatie.
Sinds de komst van de Ziggo harddiskrecorder een paar jaar geleden kijk ik iedere dag een dag vooruit om te zien of er een documentaire of film op de TV komt die ik wil opnemen. Op die manier kan ik doen en laten wat ik wil en mis ik alle reclame.
Een tijdje geleden viel mijn oog op de 5-delige BBC-serie The genius of design. Die werd door het Belgische Canvas uitgezonden. Al snel ontdekte ik dat de serie ook op YouTube te bekijken was.
Hier wordt duidelijk zichtbaar dat er een ontkoppeling plaats aan het vinden is tussen zender en inhoud. Binnenkort kun je via de Apple- of Google-TV op ieder gewenst moment TV kijken naar wat je maar wilt.
In deel 2 van de serie gaat het over het begin van de vorige eeuw. In die tijd ontstaat het kale functionalisme van het Bauhaus als reactie op de sensuele Jugendstil. Daarnaast protesteert de Arts & Craft beweging tegen de goedkope en lelijke producten van de industriële revolutie.
Bauhaus
De makers van de serie laten zien dat er in de Verenigde Staten een eigen beweging ontstaat die zich verbindt met de grootschalige productie-processen van Ford en Taylor.
In de Amerikaanse filosofie moeten de verleiding van de buitenkant van de Jugendstil, de kwaliteitsbeleving van de Arts & Craft beweging en de functionele binnenkant van de Bauhaus-filosofie allemaal worden gerelateerd aan de behoefte van de consumenten-markt.
Die consumenten waren de arbeiders die in de VS voldoende inkomen gingen verdienen om de in hun eigen fabrieken gemaakte producten te kopen. De Amerikaanse Design-beweging vormt het begin van de massamarkt.
Tijdens mijn geboortejaar (1951) wordt in Nederland het massamedium de televisie geïntroduceerd. In een paar jaar tijd heeft die ook mijn woonwijk bereikt en zit ik met mijn vriendjes bij de buurvrouw op woensdagmiddag betaald (1 dubbeltje) te kijken naar “de Verrekijker” en tante Hannie. De werkelijkheid zit in een door anderen geconstrueerd kastje.
Al snel staart de hele familie naar een verre buitenwereld die steeds meer virtueel wordt. De door de media-business geconstrueerde content neemt de werkelijkheid stap voor stap over.
Door de toenemende doofheid van mijn vader moeten we in de woonkamer allemaal onze mond houden anders hoort hij het niet. Afgelopen zijn de familie-spelletjes, het lezen van een boek en het luisteren naar muziek. De televisie eist alle aandacht op.
In 1977 introduceert Apple een TV-Scherm met computer en toetsenbord en is de massa-markt van de Personal Computer geboren.
In 1985 komt Microsoft (MS) met de eerste versie van het grafische Windows-operating systeem op de markt waardoor er ook met de computer kan worden gespeeld. MS specialiseert zich in bewegingsspellen door het besturingssysteem Kinect te ontwikkelen.
Tot op heden wordt steeds hetzelfde scherm van heel groot tot heel klein als kijkmiddel gebruikt maar daar komt nu snel verandering in.
We gaan overstappen, als we dat willen natuurlijk, naar een realistische 3D-ervaring. Die wordt binnenkort aangeboden door onder meer Google met Glass, Facebook met Oculus Rift en nu door Microsoft met HoloLens.
Hololens maakt gebruik van een projectietechniek die Virtual Reality (VR) wordt genoemd. De echte wereld en de computer-gesimuleerde wereld worden over elkaar heen geprojecteerd.
Hierdoor heb je in theorie geen scherm en geen bedieningssysteem meer nodig en kun je alles met je handen (via de Kinect) en je stem doen.
Natuurlijk is dit nog niet het einde. De ontwikkelaars hebben de Matrix en het Holodeck voor ogen als ultieme gesimuleerde werkelijkheid.
Om die mogelijk te maken moet er een directe koppeling komen tussen computer en de hersenen. Dat betekent dat de HoloHelm vervangen zal moeten worden door de Matrix Brain-PlugIn.
The Future Center Smart Systems was launched the 23th of April 2014. After the launch a part of the participants wanted to be part of the process.
Intake
To support this process we have created an intake-procedure to make sure that the issue at stake is related to Smart Systems and that it is possible to move on if we detect an interesting connection between the possible participant, current participants and LIACS.
Funding
An important issue in this case is funding. Funding is possible if the participant has a personal budget or if it possible to acquire a budget based on a shared proposal.
In this case Subsidies, Government Funding (Local/Global Investment Funds), Corporate Funding or Private Funding (“Angels”) are possible. We are now connected with all kinds of investors. If we are able to create a successful business-case funding is almost sure.
Business-Case
The Future Center uses a Innovation Management Toolset that makes it possible to assess an opportunity in short time. The use of the Toolset is not for free. If you don’t have private funding you need about Euro 5,000 Private Capital to acquire money.
Networks
The Future Center is situated in Leiden and is connected to LIACS (Leiden Institute of Advanced Computing Science).
Currently we have made connections with the Region of Leiden, the Province of South Holland, the International Alliance of Future Centers and Europe of the Regions. LIACS is part of an International Scientific Networks. We are also connected to many Local, Regional, National and International Business Networks or Companies. This makes it possible to explore every Business, Government or Scientific opportunity.
Transforming IT-Professionals
Smart Systens will have a huge impact on Society, the IT-branche and of course on the users of IT (Consumers & Companies). To support this big (digital) transformation we have made contact with the NGI (the Dutch Organization of IT Professinals).
They have created a link with the Future Center in their SIG-structure (Special Interest Groups). Together with them we are defining a training program to help IT Professionals move to the next step.
Based on the Path of Change Model we use we have defined four basic views called Business Analist (Process, Sensors, Facts), Data Analist (Models, Analytics), Innovator (Imagination, Vision, Insight) and Community Manager (Social, Networks). The views can be combined into twelve roles that correspond with the Games of Path of Change.
Network of Smart Systems Specialists
We have made a connection with an International Network of Specialist that are already creating or supporting the creation of Smart Systems. This network is a Closed Cooperative that wants to maintain the high quality of people by sharing knowledge, experience, insight and customers.
We are now creating the Dutch part of this network. The network uses balloting by two members to enter. If you think you have the high quality needed send an email.
Connecting Small & Medium Enterprises
Although Big Companies are welcome we believe that the coming transformation will be done by networks of Small & Medium Enterprises.
Projects
This link contains the current portfolio. We are finishing an attempt to create a Smart System Architecture. A new project related to Smart Vital Infrastructure is in the making. At this moment the majority of the participants are busy in Smart Healthcare.
At 28-4-2014 the Future Center Smart Systems (FCSS) was launched At the same moment the Leiden Center of Data Science (LCDS) was announced. This is not a coincidence.
FCSS and LCDS are two parts of the same coin. LCDS is focused on the Science of Data and FCSS is focused on using the results of the Science of Data to build Smart Systems or to give the Science of Data interesting problems to solve. FCSS is Practice and LCDS is theory.
When we look at Wikipedia we see that the Data Sciences are defined as “The study of the generalizable extraction of knowledge from data”. Knowledge shows itself in this case as Models, Patterns and Laws (Rules).
The Data Sciences detect patterns based on facts and are an abstraction of the Scientific Process itself. The Data Sciences are therefore also called E-Science.
E-Science is a combination of: Signal processing, Mathematics, Probability models, Machine learning, Statistical learning, Computer programming, Data engineering, Pattern recognition and learning, Visualization, Uncertainty modeling, Data warehousing, and High performance computing.
Because E-Science is an abstraction of Science it can be applied to every science you can think of. In the case of the LCDS the current sciences that are involved are Physics, Astronomy, Bio-Science (Leiden Bioscience Park), Life-Sciences (Dutch Techcenter for Life Sciences, DTL), Medical Sciences (LUMC), Law (Leiden Law School), Aviation (NLR), Mathematics and Informatics (LIACS).
The FCSS is not only about E-Science it is also about using the patterns that are discovered to control processes and influence humans. In this case we are interested in the developments in Value, Case & Process-managers, Domain Models and Sensor-Technology. Theory is static and practice is dynamic. Theory becomes practice by doing.
In the long view we expect that the combination of Senses & Actions & Thinking Machines will lead to Autonomous Systems that will help and support Humans. These systems are sometimes called Robots because we believe Autonomous Systems look like us but an autonomous system like our Universe does not have to move itself.
The next step of the Future Center is to connect with practice, start with technology transfer and find out what the need is of the market.
The Future Center is already involved in some projects and we wants to start some more. If you are interested to participate in one of the projects or want to start a new projects send an email to hans.konstapel@gmail.com.
Smart System Architectures
Smart Systems need Smart System Architectures. They are a combination of existing architectures based on Process-Models & Sensor-Systems (the Sensory-Motor System) and new architecture that are related to Visualization (the Imagination), Analytics (Data, Process, Text, Software-mining (Thinking)) and Social Networks. (Emotions). The end state is called Global Brain (“The Singularity”).
Disclosure of Open Data (Repository, Data Warehouses/Data Cards, Visualization)
A lot of Open Data is entering the market. It is not clear where this data is situated and what the data means. In this case we need a Repository and tools to define what part of the data we need at this moment (a Data Warehouse, Data Cards). We need also tools to hide the complexity of the current open databases and makes it possible to show what is available (Visualization).
Smart Innovation (Business-model generation out of Big- & Open Data)
There are already many on-line tools available that support the innovation process. The data that is used in these tools (for instance market-data) has to be gathered to validate the models. We want to use the Data-sciences to gather appropriate market-data and detect interesting business-opportunities, To do that we want to use Big- and especially Open Data.
The value-chains are integrating and the customer is moving into control. Currently a value chain consists of many companies that use many not integrated and not connected legacy-systems. These systems contain data and process-models. We want to use the Data-Sciences to detect these models (Process-mining. Data-Mining, Software-Mining) and map them to available domain-models (ACCORD, ARTS,…) or develop shared domain-models. The data that is used in the value-chain can be mapped to a product-configurator. Last but not least the user-interaction with the customers has te be designed.
Smart Education (Just-in-Time Education)
Technology is changing fast. This has a huge impact on education. The current system of education is not able to react to the fast moving technology-waves because it is created to support the Industrial Revolution that ended around 1950. We are now beyond the next wave that is taking over manual work and moving into the next step in which the Human Brian is copied. The solution to this all, Life Long Education, is already invented a long time ago but we are not implementing this solution because the Current Education System is aimed at preventive education, trying to train people in the first stage of their life. The solution is Just-in-Time-Education, training people at the moment they need knowledge (DeepQA) or experience (Simulators).
Smart Buildings & Building Process (with ABN AMRO Dialogs House)
The Building Industry is already using 3D-Models (BIM). A BIM-model is a low-level product-configurator but the model can be moved to a higher level in which it is possible to share (and sell) complete Models (for instance a Hospital). The models can be used to simulate every attribute of a building and let the customers play with possible designs. The models can be used to calculate risk and most important optimize existing buildings (Facility Management). When we combine this with sensor-technology we are able to create adaptable buildings.
Smart Food Chain & Dietetics
The Food Value Chain will revert and the customer will be in control. At this moment the customers are educated with theories about food that are changing fast. “Good” Food is time, context and body-dependent. We want to make tools that use personal sensors that show the customer what they have to eat to stay healthy and tell them where and how they can buy this food.
Food & Health (with the International Alliance of Future Centers)
It is not clear what the impact is of Food on our Health. In this project we will analyze the complete food-chain.
Smart Urban Space (The Self Actualizing City)
This is an integration of the concepts of the Smart City, Integrated Value Chains, the Creative City and Smart Social Networks.
Next Generation Media
Media are at this moment based on the Sender/Receiver-concept. We want to use the Data Sciences to detect patterns, transform these patterns into text and images and implement a feed-back process with the customers.
Next Generation Theatre
We want to use the concept of 5D Film to create a new type of sensory and emotional experience.
Using new concepts like the Self-Driving Car & Sensor-Networks to optimize mobility in Big Cities.
Social Enterprises (Impact Finance, Social Bonds, Circular Systems, Cooperatives, Complementary Currencies)
The next generation enterprises has to be aware and reduce its impact on society and environment. In this project we also look the finance of Social Enterprises (Impact Finance, Social Bonds) but also at the circular economy, new organizational structures (cooperations, ) and new financial systems based on complementary currencies.
Conflict-Resolution/E-Mediation
Preventing and resolving conflicts by implementing Smart Mediation.
Future Jobs (Unemployement & Sense-making, with the International Alliance of Future Centers)
What are the consequences of Smart Systems on employment?
Smart Care Systems
We want to use Smart Systems to help people that need Economic, Physical, Social and/or Mental Support.
Virtual Future Centers (with the International Alliance of Future Centers)
Future Centers are currently location-based. Future Centers look like Smart Systems because they Sense their environment, react (Process Manager) on the Events that are happening, try to predict what will happen (Analytics), involve Networks (Communitiies of Practice, Interest and/or Affinity) and Scientific Knowledge Centers (like the LCDS), create a shared Vision and put this vision into Action (Entrepeneurs, Innovators, Incubators). There are already many people busy with developing parts of the Virtual Future Center. We are currently designing an Architecture and will create an Alliance to join the efforts of all participants.
Paths of Change (PoC) is a Theory about Change that is based on the concept of the Worldview (Weltanschauung) This concept is very old and has many names (Archetype , Tatva, ..).
PoC uses four (complementary) worldviews plus a Center representing the whole.
In this blog, I use the same colors (blue, red, green, yellow, and white) for the same worldview.
A PoC model of an Economy shows the Production Cycle and the Consuming Cycle rotating in opposite directions forming a Moebius Pattern. In the center you see the Human represented by Interpersonal theory.
A Smart System can be modelled by Paths of Change. Look at the colors.
What is a Smart System?
A Smart System looks like a human being. It is equipped with a Sensory-Motor-System, Mind, Imagination, and Emotions.
Smart Systems senses the outside (and his inside) world with much more sensor-types than the five sensors of his human look-a-like.
A Smart System is able to react very fast with its predefined processes on a event that is detected by its sensors.
A Smart System is an adaptable system. It is able to analyze and improve its behavior, communicate with a human being and other Smart Systems in an understandable way.
Smart Systems are there to compensate the human biases.
Smart Systems are able to transform and optimize everything that contains some kind of structure.
Smart Systems can optimize software, data, and content using software/data/text-mining, analyze patterns, predict the short and sometimes the long term.
Smart Systems are perfectly suited to provide the knowledge needed and answer the questions humans ask.
They are able to train humans in an almost real situation using simulators.
Smart Systems can be Fun to play with.
About Cycles
The Cathedral of Chartres contains the Spiral of Life. The Model of Paths of Change. Model of Paths of Change
]In 1931 the US Department of Commerce assigned Edward Dewey the task of discovering the cause and underlying dynamics of the Great Depression. Dewey created a special institute called the Foundation for the Study of Cycles that is still in existence.
Harmonics
When you start with a base freuency every new freuency generate old frequwncy based on iets primes.
Therefrore all the harmobics in the unverse are based on the primes and therefor produce musical notes.
Ray Tomes rediscoverd the Music of the Spheres in the economy and “higher” in the Universe.
This base=frquency was named OM and the Svara in ancient India.
Ray Tomes the current director of the Institute for the Cycles.The Cycle Generator is based on the Chinese Lo-Shu-Magic Square.
The Bhaktin Cycle. As you see we will get a new World Religion. Will the Maitreya return?
The most interesting observation of Dewey is that Cycles restore themselves all the time and are connected by a Harmonic (“Musical”) Pattern.
The Kondratiev Cycle
Dewey discovered that we cannot control the Cycles. Ups and downs are a fact of life.
The most researched Cycle in history by far is the Kondratiev-Cycle named after the Soviet economist Nikolai Kondratiev.
The Kondratiev Cycle has a periodicity of 52 years.
The Kondratiev arises from the combination of basic innovations that launch technological revolutions that in turn create leading industrial or commercial sectors.
In the year 2000, the Kondratiev was at its top and is now in a decline that will take 26 years.
Currently, we are in the Kondratiev Spring Phase. It is the time of what Schumpeter, a big fan of Kondratiev, called Creative Destruction.
The old structures are dying and the new structures that will start the new upward wave are created. It is a time of tremendous disruptions.
About the Software Factory
The last wave that started around 1950 was dominated by the rise of the centralized computer.
This computer was based on the factory model of Henry Ford and Frederick Winslow Taylor of the previous wave.
Between 1950-2000 isolated creative programmers united in big software factories that are controlled by unified standardized methods and processes. Between 1950-2000 the programmers automated their own processes.
The methods are now transformed into standardized (BPML-) process models that are abstracted into standardized (VDML-) business models that are filled with Industry-Models. An example is the ARTS model that covers Retail.
Creative programmers are now replaced by creative business modelers.
The next Wave: the Human Mind
On Christmas 1990 Tim Berners-Lee working at CERN published the first version of The World Wide Web.
He launched the theme for the next wave, The Network.
From 1950 until 2000 the causal linear manual processes were automated but now the next level, the network of the human mind is at stake.
At the end of this wave around 2040 or much earlier as some people predict, the machines will imitate and surpass the human because they will unite in a global brain that can be connected to our Brains if we want that to happen.
At this moment we are creating the memory-banks of the Global Brain by producing billions of connected parts that contain complete human life’s, theories, music, movies, measurements and much more that we are now unable to imagine.
What almost nobody understands is that the Global Brain is not a machine made by humans but an expression of the Universe that was called de Deniurg or the Matrix. Have a look at this blog.
A Short Scenario for the Next Forty Years
It is clear that the Business-Domain-Models will speed up the process of value-chain-integration and value-chain-reversal.
This means that the customer will be in control of the value chain and there will be direct contact between customer and producer. Value-chain-integration will in the end remove all the intermediaries in the value chain.
Value chains will finally converge into one standardized value chain. Best practices of separate value chains will become leaders in the new value-chain. Cross-innovation, combining the best of all worlds, is the way to move on.
To give customers control of the value-chain producers have to simplify their products and make it possible for the customers to create their own version of the product they want.
Products have to become configurations of simple building blocks that can be split into variable parts and infrastructure. Product configurators will connect to other configurators. This makes it possible to create completely new combinations.
In the next step, the data that is produced by the systems will be analyzed and processes will not be controlled by human-made models but by models that are created by statistical pattern recognition tools.
The systems will understand humans and predict human behavior and adapt themselves to human needs.
In the last stage, the software will produce an image that reduces the complexity of its whole.
It will create a virtual human world that gives us the illusion that we are still in control.
At that time most people will play and not work.
Challenges
The most important question you have to ask yourself is if your company is part of the “old world” that will finally be destructed by creativity or is already part of the new wave.
The big problem is change management, how to move from the current state to a for most companies and institutions unknown future. Companies, Institutions and People have to transform their collaboration patterns, their software, their data and their expertise.
The change process is accelerating. Almost all companies and institutions (and governments) are stuck in their installed base of software and their hierarchical organization structure that is not created to respond fast to the challenges that come from the outside word.
The Golden Age
Around 2026 we will move to the Kondratiev Summer , a top of the EconomicCycle but we will also move from the Age of Piscus to the Age of Aquarius in the very Long Term cycle of the Precession.
This cycle was already known >5000 years ago and was used to direct the strategy of the people at the Top of Ancient Society (“Pharao’s, Emperors, Popes).
the Age of Aquarius heralds the arrival of a new stage of the kondratiev cycle, the Golden Age.
Aquarius opens a Vessel with Water that brings the Fish to the Milkey Way. Left you can see the Arrows of Sagittarius that precedes Aquarius. Water is the symbol of the Aether. (and other Flow Systems).
Wednesday the 23th of April 2014 13:00 – 17:00 we want to launch the Future Center Smart Systems.
The meeting will take place in the Living Lab of the The Hague Centre for Innovation, 2nd floor Campus Den Haag, Schouwburgstraat 2, 2511 VA Den Haag.
The Future Center is an initiative of LIACS, Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science and Constable Research BV.
A Future Center is a place of dialogue and innovation.
Scientific research needs complicated real-life problems to solve to improve their theories. R&D wants to use proven solutions to improve or innovate their products or services.
R&D and Science can easily work together if the long-term strategy of Science matches with the short-term needs of Industry and Government. That is why we need to have a permanent dialogue.
We want to start a dialogue about Smart Systems between Scientific Research and the R&D of big and small companies and government agencies.
Smart Systems are and will be everywhere. Smart Systems control the car you (still) drive and the planes you fly. Smart Systems trade on the stock market, diagnose your illness and design sustainable buildings.
Smart Systems will manage courts & lawyers, cities, logistics and food safety. Smart Systems will entertain you and will stimulate your imagination. Smart Systems will even help you to innovate.
They are a combination of Analytics (Big Data), Artificial Intelligence, Expert Systems, Process/Case-Managers, Robots, Sensors (The Internet of Things), Simulators, Games, Intelligent User-Interaction (Augmented & Virtual Reality) and Social Networks.
The Smart Systems Future Center aims to help you find out what is happening with new technologies and its applications, what is already possible and what will be possible in the future.
We also want to discuss the big impact Smart Systems will have on our society. Many experts believe Smart Systems will lead to a huge increase of unemployment not only on the level of the not educated people but also on the level of the highly educated.
Others believe that the Smart Systems (“the machines, the robots”) will take over the World. They believe that this moment called the Singularity is near. It is certain that Smart Systems will disrupt almost every company in the world.
To prepare you for the future we want to connect people, companies and government agencies. We want to participate in projects and start the development of new research, new services or companies. We can also help with the funding of these projects.
In the first meeting representatives of other Future Centers in the Netherlands (ABN AMRO, Tax Office, Ministry of Infrastucture) will share their experiences, we want to tell you about the state of the art in Big Data and have an interactive discussion about our future plans and priorities and how you want to be part of this dialogue.
If you are interested to come to the meeting or want to be informed by email about what we are doing please send an email to hans.konstapel@gmail.com. If you know people who could be interested to join our Future Center please forward this link to them.
We have lost the relationship between Number and Form or Number and Magnitude as the Ancient Greeks called their Forms.
A few years ago a Revolution in Mathematics and Physics has started. This revolution is caused by Geometric Algebra.
In Geometric Algebra the Ancient Theories of Euclid and Pythagoras are reevaluated.
Numbers are Scalar (Quantum) Movements of Geometric Patterns and not Static Symbols of Abstractions that have nothing to do with our Reality.
Movements and not Forces are the Essence of Physics.
The basic rule Movement = Space/Time (v=s/t) shows that Time and Space are two Reciprocal 3D-Spaces. Our Senses Experience Space and not Time.
The Simple Rule N/N=1/1=1 balances the Duals of Space and Time. One Unit Step in Space is always Compensated by One Unit Step in Time.
Geometric Algebra has a strange relationship with Pascals Triangle. This Triangle, also called the Binomial Expansion, contains all the Possible Combinations of two Independent Variables. Our Universe is a Combination of Combinations exploring Every Possibility.
The last and perhaps most important Discovery in Mathematics called Bott Periodicity shows itself in Pascals Triangle.
Bott Periodicity proves that we live in a Cyclic Fractal Universe, the Wheel of Fortune, that is Rotating around the Void, the Empty Set. The Empty Set contains Every Thing that is Impossible in our Universe.
This blog is not a Scientific Article. I have tried to connect the Old Sciences and the New Sciences in my own Way.
It contains many links to Scientific Articles and even Courses in Geometric Algebra.
So if you want to Dig Deeper Nothing will Stop You.
About the One and the Dirac Delta Function
Every Thing was created out of No Thing, the Empty Set, ɸ, the Void, the Tao. The Empty Set contains 0 objects.
The Empty Set is not Empty. It contains Infinite (∞) Possibilities that are Impossible.
Every impossibility has a probability of 0 but the sum of all possibilities (1/∞=0) is always 1. In the beginning ∞/∞ =1 or ∞x0=1.
This relationship is represented by the Dirac Delta Function. It is used to simulate a Point Source of Energy (a Spike, an Explosion) in Physics.
The Delta is reprented by the Symbol Δ, a Triangle. The Delta is called Dalet in the Phoenican and Hebrew Alphabet. Daleth is the number 4 and means Door.
The original symbol of the Delta/Daleth contains two lines with a 90 Degree Angle. Two orthogonal lines create a Square or Plane.
The Dirac Delta Function is defined as a Square with an Area of 1, a Width of 1/n and a Height of n where n->∞.
The Dirac Delta Function is a Line with an Area of 1.
The Dirac Delta Function δ (x) has interesting properties: δ (x) = δ (-x), δ (x) = δ (1/x). It has two Symmetries related to the Negative Numbers and the Rational Numbers.
When we move from 2D to 1D, the Number Line, the Delta Function becomes the Set of the Numbers N/N =1.
The Monad (1) of the Tetraktys of Pythagoras, the Top of the Triangle, was created by Dividing the One (1) by Itself without Diminishing itself. The Monad (1/1=1) is part of the 1D Delta Function.
Creation is an Expansion of the 1/1 into the N/N, adding 1/1 all the time, until ∞/∞ is reached. At that moment every Impossibility has been realized.
To move Back to the Void and restore the Eternal Balance of the One, Dividing (Compression) has to be compensated by Multiplication (Expansion).
At the End of Time N/M and M/N have to find Balance in the N/N, move Back to 1/1, Unite in the 0 and become The Void (ɸ) again.
About the Strange Behavior of Numbers
The big problem of the Numbers is that they sometimes behave very differently from what we Expect them to do.
This Strange Behavior happens when we try to Reverse what we are doing.
It looks like the Expansion of the Universe of Numbers is Easy but the Contraction creates many Obstacles.
It all starts with the Natural Numbers (1,2,3,).
When we Reverse an Addition (Subtract) and move over the Line of the Void Negative Numbers appear. Together with the Natural Numbers they are called the Integers.
The same happens when we Reverse a Division and the Fractions (the Rational Numbers) (1/3, 7/9) suddenly pop up.
An Integer N is a Rational Number divided by 1 (N/1).
The Integers are the Multiples of 1, the Fractions are its Parts.
Numbers behave even stranger when we want to Reverse a Repeating Repeating Addition (Irrational Numbers) and want to calculate a Rational Power (2**1/2).
The Complex Numbers (or Imaginary Numbers), based on the Square Root of -1 called i, are a combination of the Negative Numbers and the Irrational Numbers.
Irrational Numbers ( the Pythagorean Theorem), Fractions (a Piece of the Cake) and Negative Numbers (a Debt) are part of our Reality but the Strange Number i represents something we cannot Imagine.
About the Duality and the Expansion of Space
In the beginning the only One who was in existence was the 1.
When the One divide itself again the number -1, the Complement of 1, came into existence.
1 and -1 are voided in the No Thing, the Empty Set, 0: -1 + 1 = 0.
The Two, the Duality, both started to Expand in Two Opposite Directions (<– and +->) both meeting in the ∞/∞. This expansion is what we call Space.
Space is a Combination of the Strings S(1,1,1,1,1,…) and -S = (-1,-,1,-,1,-1,…) where S+S=(0,0,0,0,0,0,…).
The Expansion pattern of Space is a Recursive Function S: S(N)=S(N-1)+1 in which + means concatenate (or add) the String “,1”.
An Addition X + Y is a concatenation of S(X) and S(Y). A Substraction X-Y is a concatenation of S(X) and -S(Y). In the last case all the corresponding combinations of 1 and -1 are voided. (1,1,1,1)-(1,1,1)=(0,0,0,1)=(1).
Multiplication XxY is Adding String S(Y) every time a “1” of S(X ) is encountered: 111 x 11 = 11 11 11. Dividing X/Y is Subtracting S(X) every time a “1” of S(Y) is encountered:.111 111 1/111=11 1/111. In the last example a Fraction 1/111 appears.
About the Trinity and the Compression of Space called Time
The Strange Behavior of Numbers is caused by the Limitations of our Memory System. We are unable to remember long strings that contain the same Number.
To make things easy for us we Divide Space into small Parts so we were able to Re-Member (Re-Combine the Parts).
When we want to Re-member, Move Back in Time, we have to Compress Expanding Space.
Compressed Space is Time.
Time and Space have a Reciprocal Relationship called Movement (Velocity = Space/Time).
There are many ways ( (1,1,1), (1,1,1),..) or ((1,1),(1,1))) to Compress a String in Repeating Sub-Patterns.
In the blog About the Trinity I showed that the most Efficient Way to group the One’s is to make use of a Fractal Pattern (a Self Reference) and Groups of Three Ones.
The Trinity applied to the Trinity ( A Fractal) is a Rotating Binary Tree. Binary Trees represent the Choices we make in Life.
The rotating Expanding Binary Trees generate the Platonic Solids (see linked video!) when the (number)-parts of the Binary Tree Connect.
When we connect Three Ones (1,1,1) by Three Lines (1-1,1-1,1-1) a 2 Dimensional Triangle Δ is Created.
If we take the Δ as a new Unity we are able to rewrite the patterns of 1’s and -1’s into a much Shorter Pattern of Δ’s and 1’s: (1,1,1),(1,1,1),(1,1,1), 1,1 becomes Δ,Δ,Δ,1,1.
We can repeat this approach when there is still a Trinity left: Δ,Δ,Δ,1,1 becomes ΔxΔ,1,1.
According to Euclid “A Ratio is a sort of relation in respect of size between two magnitudes of the same kind“.
A Magnitude is a Size: a property by which it can be compared as Larger or Smaller than other objects of the Same Kind. A Line has a Length, a Plane has an Area (Length x Width), a Solid a Volume (Length xWitdth x Height).
For the Greeks, the Numbers (Arithmoi) were the Positive Integers. The objects of Geometry: Points, Lines, Planes , were referred to as “Magnitudes” (Forms). They were not numbers, and had no numbers attached.
Ratio, was a Relationship between Forms and a Proportion was a relationship between the Part and the Whole (the Monad) of a Form.
Newton turned the Greek conception of Number completely on its head: “By Number we understand, not so much a Multitude of Unities, as the abstracted Ratio of any Quantity, to another Quantity of the same Kind, which we take for Unity”.
We now think of a Ratio as a Number obtained from other numbers by Division. A Proportion, for us, is a statement of equality between two “Ratio‐Numbers”.
This was not the thought pattern of the ancient Greeks. When Euclid states that the ratio of A to B is the same as the ratio of C to D, the letters A, B, C and D do not refer to numbers at all, but to segments or polygonal regions or some such magnitudes.
The Ratio of two geometric structures was determinated by fitting the Unit Parts of the first geometric Stucture into the Other.
An Example: The Tetraktys is a Triangle (A Monad) and contains 9 Triangles (a Monad). The 1x1x1-Triangle Δ, a Part of the Tetraktys, is Proportional to the Whole of the Tetraktys (T) and has a Ratio T/Δ = 3= Δ -> T = Δ (3) x Δ (3) = 9.
The Mathematics of Euclid is not a Mathematics of Numbers, but a Mathematics of Forms.
The symbols, relationships and manipulations have Physical or Geometric Objects as their referents.
You cannot work on this Mathematics without Knowing (and Seeing) the Objects that you are Working with.
About Hermann Grassman, David Hestenes and the Moving Line called Vector
Hermann Grasmann lived between 1809 and and 1877 in Stettin (Germany). Grassmann was a genius and invented Geometric Algebra a 100 years before it was invented.
In his time the most important mathematicians did not understand what he was talking about although many of them copied parts of his ideas and created their own restricted version. None of them saw the whole Grassmann was seeing.
When he was convinced nobody would believe him he became a linguist. He wrote books on German grammar, collected folk songs, and learned Sanskrit. His dictionary and his translation of the Rigveda were recognized among philologists.
Grassmann took over the heritage of Euclid and added, Motion, something Euclid was aware of but could not handle properly.
Grassmann became aware of the fact your hand is moving when you draw a 2D Geometric Structure. He called the Moving Lines, that connect the Points, Displacements (“Strecke”).
In our current terminology we would call the Displacements “Vectors”.
Vector algebra is simpler, but specific to Euclidean 3-space, while Geometric Algebra works in all dimensions. In this case Vectors become Bi/Tri or Multi-Vectors (Blades).
The Trick of Grassmann was that he could transform every transformation on any geometrical structure into a very simple Algebra. Multi-Dimensional Geometric Structures could be Added, Multiplied and Divided.
The Greek Theory of Ratio and Proportion is now incorporated in the properties of Scalar and Vector multiplication.
About a 100 years later David Hestenes improved the Theory of Grassmann by incorporating the Imaginary Numbers. In this way he united many until now highly disconnected fields of Mathematics that were created by the many mathematicians who copied parts of Grassmanns Heritage.
About Complex Numbers, Octions, Quaternions, Clifford Algebra and Rotations in Infinite Space
Grassmann did not pay much attention to the Complex Numbers until he heard of a young mathematician called William Kingdon Clifford (1845-1879).
Complex numbers are ,just like the Rationals (a/b), 2D-Numbers. A Complex number Z = a + ib where i**2=-1. Complex Numbers can be represented in Polar Coordinates: Z = R (cos(x) + i sin(x)) where R = SQRT(a**2 + b**2). R is the Radius, the Distance to the Center (0,0).
When you have defined a 2D-complex Number it is easy to define a 4-D-Complex Number called a Quaternion: Z = a + ib + jc + kd or a 8-D Complex Number called an Octonion.
William Rowan Hamilton, the inventor of the Quaternions, had big problems to find an interpretation of all the combinations i, j and k until he realized that i**2 =j**2 = k**2 = ijk=-1.
What Hamilton did not realize at that time was that he just like Grassmann had invented Vector Algebra and Geometric Algebra.
This all changed when William Kingdon Clifford united everything in his new Algebra. Clifford’s algebra is composed of elements which are Combinations of Grassman’s Multivectors.
The Clifford Algebra that represents 3D Euclidean Geometry has 8 = 2**3 components instead of 3: 1 number (Point), 3 vectors (Length), 3 bivectors (Area) and 1 trivector (Volume).
It turns out if you use combinations of these elements to describe your geometric objects you can do the same things you did before (you still have 3 vector components).
In addition, you can have additional data in those other components that let you find distances and intersections (and a lot of other useful information) using simple and (computationally) cheap numerical operations.
The most important Insight of William Kingdom Clifford was that the Complex Numbers are not Numbers all.
They are Rotations in higher Dimensional Spaces.
About Pascal’s Triangle and Mount Meru
The String 1,3,3,1 of Clifford’s 3D Geometry is related to the 4th Level of Pascal’s Triangle. Level N of Pascal’s Triangle represents N-1-Dimensional Geometries.
The Sum of every level N of the Triangle is 2**N. This Number expresses the Number of Directions of the Geometric Structure of a Space with Dimension N.
A Point has 0 Direction, while a Line has 2 Directions, relative to its Center point, a Plane has 4 Directions, relative to its Center Point, and a Cube has 8 directions, relative to its Center point.
Pascal’s Triangle is also called the Binomial Expansion. This Expansion shows all the Combinations of two letters A and B in the function (A+B)**N. Level 1 of the Triangle is (A+B)**0 = 1 and level 2 is A x A + 2 A x B + B x B -> 1,2,1.
The Binomial Expansion converges to the Bell-Shaped Normal Distribution when N-> ∞.
The Diagonals of Pascal’s Triangle contain the Geometric Number Systems (Triangular Numbers, Pyramid Numbers, Pentatonal Numbers, ..) and the Golden Spiral of the Fibonacci Numbers.
Pascal’s Triangle is a Repository of all the Possible Magnitudes and their Components.
The Normal Distribution shows that the first level of the Triangle (the Tetraktys) is much more probable than the last levels.
The first four Levels of the Triangle of Pascal contain the Tetraktys of Pythagoras.
The Tetraktys is an Ancient Vedic Mathematical Structure called the Sri Yantra, Meru Prastara or Mount Meru.
About Numbers, Operations and the Klein Bottle
The Complex Numbers are not “Numbers” (Scalars) at all.
They are “Operations” (Movements) that can be applied to Magnitudes (Geometries) and Magnitudes are Combinations of the Simple Building Blocks of the Tetraktys, Points and Lines.
The Tao of Ancient China was not for nothing represented by a Flow of Water. According to the Ancient Chinese Mathematicians Every Thing Moves. In the Beginning there was only Movement.
In the Beginning only the One was Moved but when the Duality was created the Two moved around each other never getting into contact to Avoid the Void.
When we look at the Numbers we now can see that they are the result of the Movements of the first Diagonal of Pascals Triangle, the 1’s (Points) or better the Powers of the One: 1 **N (where N is a Dimension).
Even in the most simple Number System, the Unary Number System, Concatenation is an Operation, An Algorithm.
The Mathematician John Conway recently invented a new Number System called the Surreal Numbers that contains Every Number you can Imagine.
The Surreal Numbers are created out of the Void (ɸ) by a simple Algorithm (Conway calls an Algorithm a Game) that describes Movements (Choices of Direction: Up, Down, Left, Right, ..) that help you to Navigate in the N-Dimensional Number Space.
The Ancient Chinese Mathematicians played the same Game with the Numbers.
Algorithms were already known for a very long time by the Ancient Vedic Mathematicians. They called them Yantra’s.
Geometry is concerned with the Static Forms of Lines and Points but there are many other more “Curved” forms that are the result of Rotating Expansion and Compression. These forms are researched by the modern version of Geometry called Topology.
The most interesting 4D Topological Structure is the Klein Bottle. The Klein Bottle is a combination of two Moebius Rings. It represents a Structure that is Closed in Itself.
It can be constructed by gluing both pairs of opposite edges of a Rectangle together giving one pair a Half-Twist. The Klein Bottle is highly related to the Ancient Art of Alchemy.
The movement of the Duality around the Void can be represented by a Moebius Ring the Symbol of Infinity ∞.
Later in this Blog we will see why the Number 8 is a Rotation of ∞ and the symbol of Number 8 is a combination of the symbol of the number 3 and its mirror.
First we will have a look at the Reciprocal Relation between Space and Time.
Larson believed that the failure to recognize that Motion is the most basic physical constituent of the universe has handicapped the progress of the traditional study of physics, which focuses on Forces.
The definition of Motion stems from the Equation of Velocity, v = ds/dt.
Instead of depending upon the change of the location of an object to define an arbitrary “quantum” of space per “quantum” of time, such as miles per hour, or meters per second, the RST assumes that the observed universal passage, or progression, of time is one aspect of a universal motion that necessarily must be accompanied by a universal “passage,” or progression, of space.
The Units of Time fill up the Units of Space. Space and Time are Duals.
Space is not-Time and Time is not-Space. Time is Non-Local, Cyclic and represented by the Rotating Imaginary Numbers. Space is Local, Linear and Represented by the Scalar Numbers. Space is the Vacuum and the Nothing and Time is the non-vacuum, the Every Thing, the Solids represented by the Cube of Space.
The Cube of Space is the structure behind the Tetraktys but also behind the Book of Genesis.
Our Reality contains two Reciprocal 3D-structures related to Space and Time. Space and Time are related by the Simple Formula N/N=1/1=1, the Formula of Diracs Delta Function.
We are able to perceive the Real 3D-Structure of Space. The 3D-Structure of Time is Imaginary. It is situated in the Imaginary Number Space of i.
Larson, a Self Thought Genius like Grassmann, developed Geometric Algebra without knowing anything about Geometric Algebra but he also invented String Theory long before String Theory was invented. The Mathematics of Larson is also the Mathematics of the Tetraktys of Pythagoras without even knowing anything about it.
Larson was able to Calculate all the important Physical Numbers without any problem and was also able to Calculate Chemical Structures and Reactions.
About the Bott Periodicity
The fourth line of Pascals Triangle and the Tetraktys contains 8 Directions in the Four Geometric Dimensions: 0, 1, 2, and 3.
Mathematicians are intrigued with this number 8, because they find it popping up unexpectedly in advanced mathematics.
In fact, expanding the Binomial Expansion to 8 dimensions just creates an inverse copy of these first Four Dimensions, and then the pattern just repeats itself with a half-twist and back from there, ad infinitum.
The mathematician John Baez wrote an article in which he relates this 8-fold Periodicity to the Scalars (1), the Complex Numbers (2), the Quaternions (2×2), and the Octonions (2x2x2 = 2**3).
The Universe of Numbers and Magnitudes is Cyclic and Fractal.
Our own Reality, symbolized by the Tetraktys, repeats itself in Higher Dimensions until Infinity.
The Tetrad, represents Completion, because it contains all its Previous Numbers, the 1, 2, 3, and itself, 4, in One Number, 10 = (The One) + 9 (= 3 (Trinity)x 3 (Trinity) = Tetraktys).
As you can see in the Picture above the Fractal Pattern of 8 contains two kinds of Trinities/Triangles, an Upside and a Downside (Rotated by 180 Degrees) Triangle. When you Rotate by 180 Degrees the 1 becomes -1 and 1 + -1 =0 is the Void.
The Multi Dimensional Rotations of the Octonions always Come Back to Square 1/1=1, the One and keep Rotating around the Center, the Nothing, Until Infinity.
The Lo Shu is a Chinese Model for Time and was used to design Cities, Temples, Cycles and Calendars.
The Lo Shu is a 3×3 Magic Square created by Fu Xi, the Founder of Chinese Civilization. Fu Xi lived around the time of the Great Flood.
The Magic Square was carried by a Turtle. The Turtle is the symbol of the Constellation Orion. Many Ancient Cultures claim that our Ancestors came from this constellation. The Square of Lo Shu is also referred to as the Magic Square of Saturn or Chronos (Time).
According to Chinese Creation Myth the world started with 無極(wuji: nothingness), the Tao. Out of the Tao, the Egg of the Zero (0) and the Supreme Pure One (1) emerged. In the next step the Trinity (3), the Three Pure Ones, was created.
The Tao produced One; One produced Two; Two produced Three; Three produced All things (Lao Tsu, Tao Te Ching, 42).
The Trinity is represented by a Triangle. A combination of Two Triangels is a Square. The combination of Two (2) Triangels is also the Symbol of the Heart Chakra, the merge of Heaven, the Upper Triangel and Earth, the Lower Triangel.
The most complex Yantra (“machine”), the Sri Yantra, contains 43 Triangels. The Sri Yantra is determinated by the Bronze Mean. The Bronze Mean is a generalization of the Sequence of Fibonacci based on the Trinity. The Bronze Mean generates Quasi-Crystals and Penrose Tilings.
The Lo Shu Magic Square not only shows the Connection between the Four Forces that came out of the Two Forces, Expansion and Compression, it also shows the connection between Heaven and Earth.
In the Magic Square of Lu Shu the Even Numbers (2,4,6,8 = 2 x (1,2,3,4 = 2×2)) are Black(Yang, Male). The Odd Numbers (1,3,5,7,9 = 3×3) are White (Yin, Female). The Sum of all the Numbers is 15 (3×5).
The Even Numbers are situated at the Corners of the Square.
When the numbers of each row are multiplied (8x1x6; 3x5x7; 4x9x2) they together total to 225 ((3×5)x(3×5)) — as do those of the columns (8x3x4; 1x5x9; 6x7x2).
The Magic Square is dominated by two numbers (2**1, 2**2, 2**3) and (3, 2×3, 3**2), It contains four Prime Numbers (1,3,5,7). It also contains the first Perfect Number 6 (1+2+3 =1x2x3). 6 is also a Harmonic Divisor Number and has a Harmonic Divisor 2. The Sixth Day in the week is the day of Saturn, the God of Time.
The sequence 1,2,4,8, 1, 3,6,9, 27 is called theTetrad of the Pythagorians and was, according to Plato, used by the Demiurg, the Creator of our Universe, to create the Soul. The Soul is a mixture of the Same (1), the Different (2), and Existence (3). The Tetrad was used to define the Harmony of the Spheres.
When you connect the numbers of the Lo Shu a pattern appears that is called the Seal of Saturn or the Dance of Yu.
The Seal of Saturn or the Dance of Yu
The Sum of Magic Squares is a Magic Square and the product of a Magic Square M with a number a is again a Magic Square aM. Both Rules can be used to construct a Magic Square out of simple Binary Squares called Magic Carpets. One of these Magic Carpets is the Identity Matrix with One on the Diagonal.
Every Magic Square is related by Rotation and Mirroring to Eight other Magic Squares. This means that the central Lo Shu Magic Square with the Five in the Middle is related to Eight other Magic Squares with the other Numbers in the Middle. One of them contains the Nine and is called the Well.
the Well
The Well is an Expansion and Contraction Cycle based on Powers of 2.
The Nine is the most important Number in the Magic Square. The Nine comes back in many ancient mythologies like the Egyptian Pesedjet and the Greek Ennead.
When you add the separate numbers of a number (54 = 5+ 4 = 9) the result is the Remainder when you divide the number by 9. This number is called the Modulo 9 number.
The Powers of 2 (= Expansion) Mod 9 creates a pattern (1,2,4,8,(16)7,(32)5,(64)1,(128)2,…). This pattern is reversed when we divide by 2 (=Compression) (1/2 (0,5 =5), 1/4 (0,25 = 7), 1/8 (0,125 =8), 1/16 (0,625 = 4), 2,1).
The Expansion and Compression Pattern shows that the same pattern repeats itself when the Magic Square is expanded or compressed Six (6) Times. The 7th Step is the Same as the First Step.
After 2**6=64 (8×8) divisons of the cell a Specialized Cell is created, the stem cell. The same happens in Music. The Game of Chess (Chiu King in China) with its 8×8 = 64 = 2**6 Playing Board contains every possible situation of the Game of Life.
The Two-Pattern does not contain the numbers 3,6 and 9. The number 9 is repeated every time when the pattern is expanded and compressed which means that Nine is the same as the Identity, the One (1+9 = 1). 3 and 6 Oscillate (1x2x3=6 and 1+2+3 =6) and therefore represent the Duality (3+6 = 9, = the One).
If we combine the Expansion and Compression patterns a Torus (a Rotating Circle, The Wheel of Time) appears. The Zero (the Void) is in the Center and Contains the Vortex. The Vortex represents another Cycle (Black/White Hole, 3,6,9, the Wheel of Order) in which every structure/pattern is destroyed to start All Over Again.
If we subtract the numbers in the Square by the number of the Center, 5, a highly Symmetric Pattern emerges. This pattern shows that there are Two Mirror Universes both containing four Forces.
When we transform this pattern from Modulus 9 to Modulus 3 (the Trinity) we see that the number 4 equals 1 and represents a new beginning of the Cycle.
4
9
2
-5
-1
4
-3
3
5
7
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The Magic Square with the Zero in the Middle is surrounded by two Sequences of 123(4) with different Signs. The Signs are arranged in a Cyclic Pattern (- -, + -, + +, – +) that contains the Four Permutations of – and +. The Sum of the ++ and the — is -3 and +3, the Trinity. The Sum of +- en -+ is the One.
The Cyclic Pattern of + and – represents the Prisoners Dilemma that is solved by the Strategy of Tit for Tat. This strategy is applied by the Trickster, the God of Paradox, a concept of God in which God creates games that create games.
When you use the basic Addition and Multiplcation Rules of the Magic Square many important numbers and patterns appear that are related to Ancient Calenders, Symbols and Cycles.
About the Sum of Things
The Lo Shu Magic Square appeared a few years ago when I wanted to know more about Acupuncture. Acupuncture is related to the Sheng Cycle and the Sheng Cycle is related to the Lo Shu. A Magic Square is the perfect way to visualize the Constraints that control the Four Forces in our Universe.
Soon after this discovery, I found out the Lo Shu is related to the Trinity and the Bronze Mean which is an abstraction of the Fibonacci Sequence. The Bronze Mean generates the Sri Yantra and so-called Quasi Crystals. Quasi Crystals explain Acupuncture.
Ancient Alphabets are related to Numbers and Tones so Ancient Texts also represent Numerical Patterns and Music. You want be surprised to read that the Lo Shu showed itself in every Text Kim Veltman has analysed.
His document started a new inquiry into the pattern of the Lo Shu. During this research, I detected the book “the Sum of Things” by Paul Martyn-Smith. Paul Martin-Smith worked together with Lee Burton.
This blog contains just a little bit of the tremendous amount of information Paul Martin-Smith & Lee Burton have found about the essence of the I Tjing which is contained in just one simple 3×3 Magic Square.
If you want to know more the only thing you can do is to buy this book and start reading.
You wouldn’t enjoy a perfectly ordered universe. A wholly ordered universe would be at perfect equilibrium and would be dead.
There can arise no Order unless there is a Flow of Matter and Energy which decreases in intensity as a system moves toward equilibrium.
Motion, change or evolution in the Universe is driven by fluxes of energy and energy-rich matter flowing from sources of high potential to sinks of lower potential.
“Evolution means the creation of larger and larger islands of order at the expense of even greater seas of disorder in the world. In the process of evolution, each succeeding species is more complex and thus better equipped as a transformer of available energy.: Jeremy Rifkin, Entropy: A New World View (1980).
During the road from Being to Becoming Cyclic Auto-Catalytic Systems are created that Re-Create themselves until they Die. Islands of Order Appear and Disappear in the Sea of Chaos.
About Thermodynamics
Thermodynamics is the Science of the Transfer of Energy.
In strict Scientific terms Energy is classified into two main forms: Kinetic and Potential energy. Kinetic Energy is defined as the energy of a moving object. Potential Energy is defined as the energy in matter due to its position or the arrangement of its parts. The various forms of Potential Energy include gravitational potential energy, elastic potential energy, chemical potential energy, and electrical potential energy.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics states that the quality of this energy is degraded irreversibly. The Second Law predicts that our Universe will end when the Explosive Motion of the Big Bang wil stop and we will reach the Absolute Zero.
Nicolas Léonard Sadi Carnot (1790-1832) detected the Second Law of Thermodynamics when he tried to find the most efficient heating engine.
According to Carnot the Efficiency of an Engine is (T1−T2)⁄T1, where T1 is the highest temparature. The Higher the Difference between the two Temperatures of the Engine the Lower the Efficiency. The Bigger the Step the Higher the Waste. If you want to build a highly efficient Engine, the Engine has to make very Small Steps when the Engine is heated. This principle is known as Adiabatic Expansion (and Compression).
Physical, Chemical, and Electrical energy can be completely changed into Heat. But the Reverse (heat into physical energy, for example) cannot be accomplished without a loss. The irreversible increase of this nondisposable, useless, energy in the universe is measured by the abstract dimension called Entropy (from the Greek entrope, change).
The Entropy measures the degree to which the probability of the system is spread out over different possible states. If all the possible States of the System are the Same, the System is in Equilibrium and the Entropy, the State of Order, is on its Maximum.
In the Beginning of the Universe Every Thing was Different. In the End State Every Part of the Universe will be the Same.
About the History of Innovation
The central actor in the 19th century model of cultural innovation is the Artist, conceived, as an individual creator of works of art. Art is produced only by a handful of exceptional individuals.
The process of technical innovation in the 19th century was seen in terms similar. The central focus was on the work of individual inventors and researchers, commonly with little or no specifically scientific training.
By the early 20th century, this model was displaced by an industrialized process of innovation.
The first major step in this process was the rise of the Research University and the development of a large class of technically trained workers. In the 20th century, pure scientific research had become the preserve of universities and specialist research institutes.
The second major step was the development of corporate forms of business organization, which allowed Research and Development to become an organized business activity, operated on industrial lines.
The pattern of innovation in the 21st century is radically different. In most sectors of the economy, the rate of technological progress has slowed down substantially. Technological progress is characterised largely by Incremental Improvements to mature products.
In Computing and Telecommunications, the rate of progress has accelerated dramatically since the late 1980. The convergence of Computing and Telecommunications in the Internet has fundamentally transformed every activity it has touched. Everything that can be formalized will be formalized.
The Internet makes it possible that disjunct Networks of Isolated Innovators connect and share their Knowledge and Experience.
The Artist, now connected with many other “exceptional individuals” all over the world, is on its return.
About Incremental and Disruptive Industrial Innovation
There are two types of Industrial Innovation called “incremental” and “disruptive” innovation.
Japan (and now China) has made incremental improvement the cornerstone of Technical Advancement. After months and years of gradual (adiabatic) changes, products look radically different, as happened with semiconductors, solar cells and batteries.
The US claims that it is the Champion of Disruptive Innovation. Their “Internet”-entrepeneurs like Amazon, Google and Facebook believe in a “Statistical” model of Innovation, A Portfolio or an Innovation Ecology.
One of the many “Trials and Errors” will result in a big breakthrough that will Disrupt the Market. Behind Disruptive Innovation lies the Concept of Evolution, Survival of the Fittest, the Essence of Capitalism.
Disruptive Innovation uses Incremental Innovation to improve the Parts of the Portfolio.
Incremental Innovation (“Proces/Product/Business Model Improvement”) takes place when an Innovation is improved until the Limits are reached.
Incremental Innovation could use the Efficient Small Steps of the Adiabatic Process to reach the Goal of the highly Effective.
Most of the time Proces/Product Improvement (“Standardization”) is not a Structured Process because People believe Innovation is about “Thinking Out of the Box”. If People “Think out of the Box” the proces will move into a Chaotic State and will Die.
Creative Incremental Innovation will produce a Lot of Waste (“Heat”, “Fuzz”) and accomplish Nothing. Managed Incremental Innovation has to remove the Waste and the Constraints.
With every step that is taken the System has to become more probable so the results of the proces will be more predictable. When the Limits are reached, we have to Restucture the System to move on.
The Second Law of Thermodynamics shows that Closed Systems finally Converge to a State of Equillibrium with a High Probability, a High Entropy.
Systems that are Isolated by a Boundary behave as Closed Systems. Systems that are Open to other Systems Merge and become Closed.
Most of the Time people don’t understand the Boundary of their System and Act in a Shared Boundary. In this Shared Boundary Competition takes place. Competition is a waste of Energy. If People could define their Boundaries they could Cooperate.
People Communicate. They Share their Ideas, Problems and Solutions. When a Process is well understood the Improvements of the Process are disseminated through the Human Networks and widely Copied.
Human Networks are Closed Systems that are connected to other Networks by Boundary Spanners.
Most people don’t understand that there are other people in other Networks who are doing the Same thing they are doing. They think their activity is Unique and don’t understand that the State of Uniqueness was only there at the Beginning.
Secrecy slows down communication between the People in the Network. The result of Secrecy is that People are unable to learn from others so they are unable to reuse the solutions of others. Secrecy is again a Waste of Time.
In the end the Competitive Advantage of the Innovation is completely gone and the Entropy of the System is at its Maximum.
At that moment every Process in every Part of the System will be the Same and the Companies will Merge or will be taken over by other Companies. Winner Takes All.
The Temperature of the Industry will move to Zero and every Movement (and Innovation) will stop.
About Creativity
There are two Views on Creativity. Creativity is a Combinatorical Game and Creativity is a Spontaneous Eruption of Ideas forced by High Pressure.
At such a moment, “the Aha-Erlebnis“, two or more Frames of Reference Fuse and a new Innovative Combination is created.
The Metaphor of this Theory is the Disaster, the Avalanche or the Sand Pile that Suddenly moves when the critical grain of sand falls. At that moment a Significant Part of the Collection of individual grains Combines and moves on its own.
When a System is reaching the Boundaries of Proces Improvement and a Huge Pressure to Innovate is experienced, two or more Systems (“Frames of Reference”) Fuse (Combine).
When the Systems are in Equilibrium the Fusion is easy (“Connecting”) otherwise the Fusion could become a Disaster, a Disruption, a Creative Destruction and a Huge Amount of Heat (Waste) is produced.
About Managed Creativity
If Innovation is a Combinatorial Game we have to restructure a System into a “loosely-coupled” System of Components and combine the Components with the “well-articulated” Components of other Systems.
A Loosely Coupled System is a System where each of its components has, or makes use of, little or no knowledge of the definitions of other separate components. The components act as “Black-Boxes“.
A Component is “well-articulated” if it contains Just Enough Functionality to do the job. An Under-Articulated system is Rigid. It contains Not Enough functionality to Adapt to the Changing environment. When Systems grow old they become Over-Articulated because the Designers want to add new functionality without looking at the Boundaries of the System. Over-Articulated Systems overlap and it becomes very difficult to find the Essence. Designers always want to Solve every problem with their Own System.
Genrich S. Altshuller was a Russian Patent Officer who tried to find a Pattern behind Patents.
Altshuller screened over 200,000 patents looking for Inventive problems and how they were solved. Of these only 40,000 (20%) had somewhat Inventive solutions; the rest were straight forward improvements.
Altshuller defined an Inventive problem as one in which the solution causes another problem, a Contra-Diction or Conflict, to appear. He found that the same problems had been solved over and over again using one of only Forty fundamental inventive principles. Altshuller named his method TRIZ.
Humans are prone to reivent the Wheel many times because they only look for Solutions in their own Frame of Reference. The Solution of their Problem is almost all the time already available in another Domain.
Roni Horowitz has analyzed the Principles of Althuller and found a deeper structure behind TRIZ which he called ASIT.
ASIT is about Thinking Inside the Box instead of Outside the Box. The so called Closed World condition, forces the thinker to find a creative solution by heavily limiting his or hers Space of Possibilities.
The Qualitative Change Principle looks for solutions in which the influence of the main problem factor is either totally eliminated or even reversed. The System has to become Perfect. Every Component has to fullfill just one Task (“Well Articulated”) and the Functions of the System have to create a “Closed World” which means that the System has to be Closed in Itself.
About Combining the Combinations
The Second Law of Thermodynamics shows that it is Almost Impossible to move back to an old solution when the Solution is widely used.
Nature Solves its Problems by Experimenting but the Experiments are not completely at Random. Nature uses an Established Infrastructure and Plays with all the Possible Paths that Emerge out of the Existing Infrastructure, The Adjacent Possible.
Before life emerged on Earth, the planet was dominated by a handful of basic molecules. Each of these molecules was capable of a finite series of transformations and exchanges with other molecules in the primordial soup.
According to Stuart Kauffman Life started when the Chemical Parts of early life started to Re-Create themselves in a Cyclic Process called AutoCatalysis. Re-Creation of the Same Structure is one of the most important principles of a Living System. Our body is recreated all the time in an endless Cycle until we Die.
If you could Play with all the Primordial Combinations, you would end up with the Components of Life but it is impossible to create a mosquito, or a sunflower, or a human brain.They were created when the Combinations started to Combine Again and Again.
Innovation in Nature is an endless CyclicExpanding proces of Combining the Combinations.
This process moves on until the Limits of the Expanding Space of Possibilities are reached. These Limits are reached when there is not enough “useful” Energy available.
Combining the Combination happens in Nature but also in our Culture. Old infrastructures are used in a new way and a complete new field of Combinatorics appears.
Johannes Gutenberg took the older technology of the screw press, designed originally for making wine, and reconfigured it with metal type to invent the printing press which made it possible that new ideas, concepts and procedures were better dissiminated through the Human Networks.
Is there an End to Human Innovation?
The Universe is Expanding and is Creating New Combinations of Combinations all the Time.
The Law of Kleiber shows that the Combinations of the Combinations Fuse. The Law of Kleiber is just like Self-Organized Criticallity represented by a Power-Law. Power-Laws are independent of a Scale and therefore applicable on every Level of the Universe. They show that One Principle (“a Fractal“) Repeats itself on every Level.
Every time when the Combinations Fuse they are better equipped as a Transformer of Available Energy but the Creation of larger and larger islands of Order happens at the Expense of even greater seas of Disorder. Humanity is Wasting resources at an increasing rate, and that will lead to the destruction of our civilization.
The Combinations become Bigger and Bigger AND the Big Structures Attract Each Other. The larger group of possibilities will always be the Dominant Attractor.
This is the main reason for the success of Google, Facebook and Twitter. They have aquired the Power to Control their Market by Giving away their Products for Free so the Amount of Users would grow Exponentionally. They make money by letting other companies pay for the Use of their Huge Attractor.
The Small Auto-Katalytic Chemical Factories, the Bacteria, that were created in the beginning are now fusing into Very Big Cities and the next Step will be One Mega-City covering a Huge Area of the Earth. These Mega-Cities will be extremely Efficient and Effective. When this happens Nature will be replaced by a Human Made Technological Structure that has to use completely new ways to produce and use energy.
The next Step is easy to imagine. The Human Race will start to create new Mega-Cities on other Planets that will fuse into Mega-Planets.
The Big Problem will of course be Energy. We have to find new Sources all the time to support the Human Need to Expand and Discover. Every time when we create a new and Bigger Source of Energy the Amount of useless Heat will increase and the End of the Universe will get closer and closer.
Human Invention is Speeding Up the End because in the End Humans want to become One with the Whole.
According to the Second Law of Thermodynamics the Universe is moving to an Equilibrium State and not to an Extremely Impossible Innovative Configuration. At a Certain Point of Time Human Innovation has to Stop because we will reach the State of Absolute Zero Temperature and every Movement will Stop.
The most important thing you can do when you want to Innovate is to create a Deep Understanding of just One Frame of Reference.
You have to become an Expert in Something and you have to have the attitude to create the Perfect Frame of Reference.
Every time when the System is not performing you have to solve the problem Inside the Box but you have to make use of Solutions that are Outside the Box.
Every Time when you are Satisfied, remove a Constraint and Force Yourself to Solve the problem.
At a Certain Moment your Frame of Reference will Explode and will produce many Fragments. They are the Basic Building Blocks of Your Domain.
Start to Play with the Building Blocks and new Possibilities will appear that you have never Thought off.
When a Search Engine crawls the web and indexes information so that you can access it quickly, the search engine is doing Proactive Computation.
Servers don’t wait for you to execute a search query to start crawling the web; they are being proactive because it takes Too Much Time to find and index what you want.
The Sensory Motor System of Our Body is constantly performing Proactive Computing because it has to be Ready to Act, when something happens that is fatal to the Body.
In a State of Arousal the Sensory Motor System Reacts with predefined Scripts (Impulses). The Sensory System fails completely when there is too much data available (Overload, Panic).
The Sensory Motor Computer is not able to calculate exactly what the Body really needs because it does not have the time and the capacity to calculate every possibility. Therefore the Human Body sometimes makes terrible mistakes, called a Gognitive Bias, when it is Highly Stressed.
The Rational System, the Human Predictor of the Future, the Expectation, is able to override the Sensory Motor System when there is enoughRelaxation, Time and Capacity available. This State of Mind is called Reflection.
To Reflect the System needs enough Data, Provided by the Senses and our Memory, and a Model, a Believe System, that describes the Context we want to Evaluate. Most of the time we are unable to collect the Facts or to define a suitable Model. We See what our Believe System guided by our Experiences in the Past wants Us to See.
The Imagination creates the images we See. Sometimes the Images are made by the Senses. We see Reality as it Really is. Most of the Time the Imagination projects the Images of the Reflection System. We See what our Believe System wants us to See.
The most interesting part of the Imagination is related to the Dream World, the Unconsciousness. The Dream World projects the Images we Have to See. They contain a “hidden meaning“, something we have to know but are unable to Express.
Making a Choice is one of the most difficult things to do. The Emotional System, the Oldest System in our Body, acts on the basis of Feelings. It wants to move to a situation where there is enough Certainty to Survive (Food, Shelter, Love,….) and avoids situations that are threatening to the Existence of the Body.
The Reflective System transforms Human Feelings into Values, Preferences and Selection Criteria.
The big problem is that the Emotions (the Movers, Our Moti-vation) change all the time because they are influenced by Situations (the Context), Others (Status) and all kinds of Fields in the Environment (Gravity (Moon), the Electro Magnetic Field).
The fifth human system, the Consciousness, monitors the four “organs” (the Senses, the Expectation, the Emotions and the Imagination) to make sure they stay in the right balance.
What Model do we Use?
The model we use is called Path of Change (see also this link (in Dutch)).
Path of Change is a generic fractal (scale-free) model that can be used to model an autonomous system on many scales.
What is Happening?
The Computer is a Cold Rational Calculator without any Emotions. The Computer is therefore perfectly suited to Support, Complement and Replace the Heavely Biased Impulsive Unconscious Emotional Human Being.
The Amount of Available Computer Memory, the Capacity to Calculate in Real-Time and the Intelligence of the Pro-Active Algorithms and Reaction Scripts is increasing by the day and the Costs of Computing are going down fast.
Smart Computing extends existing technologies by adding new real-time Situation Awareness based on Sensor Technology and Automated Analysis to help firms and people solve smarter and more complex problems.
Smart Computing integrates the Physical World of the Senses and the Body with Automatic Process Optimization via a Four Step Cycle: Awareness (Sense), (Statistical) Analysis (Reflect), (Generate) Alternatives (Feel, Evaluate, Select & Choose) and Act -> Sense.
Smart Systems look like Smart People.
What has Happened?
Until recently IT-Technology was only able to Replace the Repetitive, Predictable, Processes on a Very Small Scale. Most of the Humans soon get Bored by these processes. They need a little bit of Exitement (Arousal, Challenge, Change) to feel the Joy of Living.
The Repetitive processes are part of the Human Motor System, the Muscles. Until 1970 IT-Technology was only able to automate Manual Processes. Before that time many People made their living from these processes. At this moment Process Management (Workflow) and Case Management, have reached the level of maturity.
The introduction of the Internet Protocol, the Increase of the Capacity of the Infrastructure (Broadband, Glass Fiber, Optical Switches) and the Standards defined by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) have widened the Scale of the Automation of the Manual Processes until the World Level was reached.
One of the most exiting new standards of W3C are related to the Semantic Web. The Semantic Web will make it possible to Reason with the Data that is available on the Internet.
The Semantic Web will generate a Revolution in the Educational System (“Just in Time Learning“) because everybody will be able to Ask every Question that is possible. The Experts will not be needed anymore.
All kinds of processes in all kinds of Industries are now connected and are constantly redefined until every “useless” intermediary proces is removed. This trend is called Value Chain Integration.
The introduction of the PC and the Intelligent User-Interface opened up the Market to the Consumer and started a new wave of Value Chain Integration. Direct contact between Producer and Consumer is now possible. This development is called Supply Chain Reversal. Chain Reversal gives the customer the control of the complete supply chain.
Because of their Software Legacy most of the Companies have not opened up their Private Old Fashioned Infrastructures to their Customers and their Producers. If every company would do this many companies would disappear.
This is the main reason why these companies are not transforming their business. Most people (and companies) are Afraid to Reflect about their own Death. They wait until the Last Moment. At that time it is too Late to make a change.
The Removal of “Useless Manual Processes” (and “Useless Employees“) is now highly stimulated by the Economic Crisis, the Energy Crisis and the Climate Crisis.
The User-Interface made it possible to make a Connection with the Organ of Imagination. This started a Creative Phase in IT. Humans are now able to create their own Books, Music, Art and are able to Play Collective Games and use Simulators to Explore Alternatives in an almost Real Life Environment. The Creative Wave has almost destroyed the Old Fashioned Amusement Industry.
At this moment the Social Media (Facebook, Linked in, Twitter,..) are exploding. They are mostly used to have a dialogue (Chat, Forums,…) between people in a Network. The Social Media make it possible to make a Connection with the Organ of the Emotions (the Opinions) of large groups of people all over the World.
The Social Networks give us the Opportunity to Feel what is Happening and make it possible to Influence (and Manipulate) the Masses.
What is Smart Computing?
The next wave, Smart Computing, adds two things, new Senses (Sensors, Internet of Things, IoT) that are able to Sense much more than the Human is capable of and Artificial Intelligence (AI, Big Data, Reflection), the possibility to Detect and generate Scripts that are much more advanced than any pattern that is available in the Human Being.
One of the most important “Sensors” a this moment is the Mobile Phone. Many people fail to understand the significant sensor innovations that are being designed into smartphones. Today’s smartphones contain microphones, cameras, motion sensors, proximity sensors, and location sensors.
New internet-connected GPS applications also have built-in feedback loops, reporting your speed and using it to estimate arrival time in real time.
Don’t underestimate the “other Sensors” like the Social Networks, Smart Energy Meters, Global Satellite Monitor Systems, Earth-Based Integrated Camera Systems and Medical Sensors that are able to detect all kinds of Physical Changes in Your Body.
In the next step Smart Sensors will be incorporated in the Clothes you Wear and of course your Body (if you allow that!).
Soon the Collective Technical Infrastructure, the Global Brain, will be able to Alert, Control, Manipulate and Support the many people that live on Earth. When this happens the Role of the Humans in the System will be the same as the Cells in the Body.
To make sure that one of the “Organs” will not Dominate the Global Brain we have to incorporate a Monitor, a Global Conscioussness.
What can we do with Smart Computing?
When the Sensors are everywhere you are able to measure everything you want with a High Precision and a Fast Sample Time (Frequency).
The Sample Measurements can be Added Anytime you want (Real Time) and transformed into Transactions with a Flexible Price.
This Price is calculated by Adding the Real Time Transactions that are related to the Components You Buy subtracted by the Real Time Information of the Costs you are making. Smart Computing makes it possible to create a complete Autonomous Real Time Company.
You can measure human transport (movement), chemicals, temperature, pressure on every location and react to the these measurements on a real-time basis based on a highly advanced prediction system based on neural nets. In this way you can prevent traffic jams, calamaties and every other event that is predictable.
Software will be able to read billions of documents real-time and use the knowledge to diagnose every problem you want. With the help of this software (called Semantic Analytics) IBM’s Doctor Watson project will soon deliver an automatic Doctor that will know more than all the Doctors in the World.
It will also be possible to Design and Simulate every Structure you want and generate the Structure when you are satisfied.
Designing a House or a complete City will look like a Collaborative Game and Building can be done by everybody including Robots because “the System” will tell you what to do.
The Banking System will return to its ancient roots and will keep the Transaction-System in Short and Long Term Balance.
Will it be possible to incorporate the Human Emotions in a Machine?
Some Scientists think that the Universe is already an Emotional Machine, a Quantum Computer Creating Itself. The Emotions are a Random Quantum Fluctuation, a Wheel of Fortune, to make it possible that the Universes Explore Every Possible Path. The Unpredictable Human Emotions are the Source of Creation.
Predictable Automated Emotions are not Creative because they lack the ability to make Mistakes. Making Mistakes and Learning from Mistakes are the Motor of the Proces of Innovation.
Machines without Emotions are more Reliable than Machines with Emotions but the Machines will stay the Same until their Emotional Human Creator has Invented a new Type or a new Theory.
At this moment the Robots are Instruments but it will not take long until we give the Instruments the Freedom to Act because they are more Reliable (less Emotional) and much more Cheaper than a Human Being.
If this happens many people will be Out of Work. The only thing that will be left over for us is the Act of Creation and of course the Care for Others.
If we are able to Incorporate the Emotions into the Machines we, the Humans, will be Completely Out of Work.
The Machines will be able to Create new Types of Sensors, Robots, Systems and Theories until Eternity. The Machines will take Care of Themselves and of course You.
The Programmed Robot Nurse, the Robotic Pilot, the Robotic Money Market Trader, the Robot Soldier, the Robotic Surgeon and the Robot Barber are already there.
They wait Patiently until their Human Creator will give them a Soul.
The Ancient Greeks believed that the images of waking life and dreams came from the same source, Morpheus (Μορφέας, Μορφεύς), “He who Shapes“.
The Science of the Shapes, Morphology, was created and named by Goethe in his botanical writings (“Zur Morphologie“, 1817).
Goethe used comparative anatomical methods, to discover a primal plant form that would contain all the others-the Urpflanze. Goethe being a Romantic Idealist hoped that Morphology would Unify Science and Art.
“The Primal Plant is going to be the strangest creature in the world, which Nature herself shall envy me. With this model and the key to it, it will be possible to go on forever inventing plants and know that their existence is logical”. “Nature always plays, and from which she produces her great variety. Had I the time in this brief span of life I am confident I could extend it to all the realms of Nature – the whole realm“.
Hundred years later in the 1920s Goethe’s dream came true. Morphology moved outside Biology to other parts of Science due to the works of D’Arcy Thompson’s On Growth and Form, Oswald SpenglerMorphology of History, Carol O. Sauer Morphology of Landscape, Vladimir Propp, Morphology of the Folktale andAlfred North WhiteheadProcess and Reality.
Goethe observed nature and reflected on similar structures. He believed that there was something behind this similarity, an archetypal plant.
According to Goethe the archetypal plant was the leaf (“While walking in the Public Gardens of Palermo it came to me in a flash that in the organ of the plant which we are accustomed to call the leaf lies the true Proteus who can hide or reveal himself in all vegetal forms. From first to last the plant is nothing but leaf“).
At this moment scientists know the reason why the leaf is the most important structure of the plant. It is a solar collector full of photosynthetic cells.
The energy of the sun provides the energy to transform water from the roots gathered by the leafs and carbon dioxide out of the air also gathered by the leafs, into sugar and oxygen. Plants are structures with many leaves. These leafs shield other leafs from collecting sunlight and water.
To solve this problem a plant has to optimize its structure to collect enough Sunlight and Water. The process of Optimization is not a Central Coordinated action. Every leaf tries to find the best place in the Sun on its own. This place determinates the growth of the next level of branches and leafs.
Goethe observed a pattern and deduced a structure, the leaf, the Uhrplanze. What Goethe really observed was not a Static Uhrplant but the DynamicProcess of the Branching of all kinds of leaves in all kinds of plants (Morpho-Genesis).
The leafs of the plants are not the main target of the morphogenesis of the plant. The visible External and the invisible Internal Forms or Organs are one of the many solutions of an equation with many variables and constraints. The optimal solution is reached by experimenting (“Nature always plays”).
Many solutions fail but some survive (Evolution of the Fittest). When a solution survives it is used as a Foundation to find new rules for more specific problems (Specialization). When the environment, the context, changes old rules have to be replaced by new rules (a Paradigm Shift).
New mathematical paradigms in the field of the Machines and Languages (Alan Turing,The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis) and the Self-Referencial Geometry of Nature (Benoît Mandelbrot, The Fractal Geometry of Nature) have stimulated further investigation in the Field of Morphology.
In 1931, in a monograph entitled On Formally Undecidable Propositions of Principia Mathematica and Related SystemsGödel proved that it is impossible to define a theory that is both Self-Consistent and Complete. The paper of Gödel destroyed the ambitions of the Mathematicians at that time to define one theory that explains everything.
In 1936 Alan Turing produced a paper entitled On Computable Numbers. In this paper Alan Turing defined a Universal Machine now called a Turing Machine. A Turing machine contains an infinite tape that can move backwards and forwards and a reading/writing device that changes the tape. The Turing Machine represents every Theory we can Imagine.
Turing proved that the kinds of questions the machine can not solve are about its own Performance. The machine is Unable to Reflect about Itself. It needs another independent machine, anObserver or Monitor to do this.
It can be proved that Turing proved the so called Incompleteness Theorem and the Undecidability Theorem of Gödel in a very simple way.
In 1943 Turing helped to Crack the Codes of the Germans in the Second World War. At that time the first computers were build (Eniac, Collossus).
It was very difficult to Program a Computer. This problem was solved when Noam Chomsky defined the Theory of Formal Grammars in 1955 (TheLogical Structure of Linguistic Theory).
When you want to define a Language you need two things, an Alphabet of symbols and Rules. The symbols are the End-Nodes (Terminals) of the Network of Possibilities that is produced when the Rules (Non-Terminals) are Applied. The Alphabet and the (Production- or Rewriting) rules are called a Formal Grammar.
If the Alphabet contains an “a” and a “p” the rules S→AAP, A→”a” and P→”p” produce the result “aap”. Of course this system can be replaced by the simple rule S→”aap”. The output becomes an infinite string when one of the rules contains a Self-Reference. The rules A→a and S→AS produce an Infinity String of “a’-s (“aaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaaa….”).
The system becomes more complicated when we put terminals and rules (non-terminals) on the Left Side. The System S→aBSc, S→abc, Ba→aB and Bb→bb produces strings like, “abc”, “aabbcc” and “aaabbbccc”. In fact it produces all the strings a**n/b**n/c**n with n>0.
The inventor of the theory of Formal Grammar, Chomsky, defined a Hierarchy of Languages. The most complex languages in his hierarchy are called Context-Dependent and Unrestricted. They represent complex networks of nodes.
A language where the left-hand side of each production rule consists of only a single nonterminal symbol is called a Context Free language. Context Free Languages are used to define Computer Languages. Context Free Languages are defined by a hierarchical structure of nodes. Human Languages are dependent on the context of the words that are spoken.
It is therefore impossible to describe a Human Language, Organisms, Organisations and Life Itself with a Context Free Computer Language.
Context Free Systems with very simple rule-systems produce natural and mathematical structures. The System A → AB, B → A models the Growth of Algae and the Fibonacci Numbers.
A Recognizer or Parser determinates if the output of a formal grammar is produced by the grammar. Parsers are used to check and translate a Program written in a Formal (Context Free) Language to the level of the Operating System of the Computer.
Regular and Context Free Grammars are easily recognized because the process of parsing is linear (causal, step by step). The stucture of the language is a hierarchy.
The recognizer (now called a Push-Down Machine) needs a small memory to keep the books.
Context Dependent (L-systems) and Unrestricted Grammars are difficult to recognize or are not recognizable in practice because the parser needs a huge sometimes Infinite Memory or Infinite Time to complete its task.
To find the Context the Recognizer has to jump backwards and forwards through the infinite string to detect the pattern.
If the network loops the recognizer will Never Stop (“The Halting Problem“).
Turing proved that the Halting Problem is Undecidable. We will Never Know for Sure if an Unrestricted Grammar contains Loops.
The Rules and the Output of Unrestricted Grammars Change and never stop Changing. Our Reality is certainly Context Dependent and perhaps Unrestricted.
Parsing or Recognizing looks like (is similar with) the process of Scientific Discovery. A theory, a Grammar of a Context-Free Systems (“aaaaaaaaaaa…”) is recognizable (testable) in Finite Time with a Finite Memory. Theories that are Context Dependent or Unrestricted cannot be proved although the Output of the Theory generates Our Observation of Nature. In this case we have to trust Practice and not Theory.
In 2002 the Mathematician Stephen Wolfram wrote the book A New Kind of Science.
In this book he tells about his long term Experiments with his own Mathematical Program Mathematica. Wolfram defined a System to Generate and Experiment with Cellular Automata.
Wolfram believes that the Science of the Future will be based on Trial and Error using Theory Generators (Genetic Algorithms). The big problem with Genetic Algorithms is that they generate patterns we are unable to understand. We cannot find Metaphors and Words to describe the Patterns in our Language System.
This problem was adressed by the famous Mathematician Leibniz who called this the Principle of Sufficient Reason.
Leibniz believed that our Universe was based on Simple Understandable Rules that are capable of generating Highly Complex Systems.
It is now very clear that the Self-Referencial Structures, the Fractals, of Mandelbrot are the solution of this problem.
The Scientific Quest at this moment is to find the most simple Fractal Structure that is capable of explaining the Complexity of our Universe. It looks like this fractal has a lot to do with the Number 3.
It is sometimes impossible to define a structured process to recognize (to prove) a Grammar. Therefore it is impossible to detect the rules of Mother Nature by a Structured process. The rules of Mother Nature are detected by Chance just like Goethe discovered the Uhrplanze. Science looks a lot like (is similar with) Mother Nature Herself.
When a Grammar is detected it is possible to use this grammar as a Foundation to find new solutions for more specific problems (Specialization, Add More Rules) or when the system is not able to respond to its environment it has to Change the Rules (a Paradigm Shift). All the time the result of the System has to be compared with Mother Nature herself (Recognizing, Testing, Verification).
Turing proved that if Nature is equivalent to a Turing machine we, as parts of this machine, can not generate a complete description of its functioning.
In other words, a Turing machine, A Scientific Theory, can be a very useful tool to help humans design another, improved Turing Machine, A new Theory, but it is not capable of doing so on its own – A Scientific Theory, A System, can not answer Questions about Itself.
The solution to this problem is to Cooperate. Two or more (Human) Machines, A Group, are able to Reflect on the Other. When the new solution is found the members of the Group have to Adopt to the new solution to move on to a New Level of Understanding and drop their own Egoistic Theory.
Each of the individuals has to alter its Own Self and Adapt it to that of the Group. It is proved that Bacteria use this Strategy and are therefore unbeatable by our tactics to destroy them.
Turing proved that Intelligence requires Learning, which in turn requires the Human Machine to have sufficient Flexibility, including Self Alteration capabilities. It is further implied that the (Human) Machine should have the Freedom to make Mistakes.
Perfect Human Machines will never Detect the Patterns of Nature because they get Stuck in their Own Theory of Life.
The Only ONE who is able to Reflect on the Morphogenesis of Mother Nature is the Creator of the Creator of Mother Nature, The Void.
Gregory Chaitin used the theory of Chomsky and proved that we will never be able to understand The Void.
The Void is beyond our Limits of Reason. Therefore the first step in Creation will always be a Mystery.
At the end of his life (he commited suicide) Alan Turing started to investigate Morphology.
As you can see the Patterns of Alan Turing are created by combining many Triangels. The Triangel is called the Trinity in Ancient Sciences.
According to the Tao Tse King, “The Tao produced One; One produced Two; Two produced Three; Three produced All things”, which means that the Trinity is the Basic Fractal Pattern of the Universe.
In modern Science this pattern is called the Bronze Mean.
It generates so called Quasi Crystals and the Famous Penrose Tilings.
The Bronze Mean is represented by the Ancient Structure of the Sri Yantra (“Devine Machine”).
Goethe was not the real discoverer of Morphology. The knowledge was already there 8000 years ago.
At this moment there is a lot of discussion going on about the New World of Work. In the New World of Work the new developments of the Internet 2.0 (Social Networks, Blogging, Twittering, etc) are used to Speed up the Work of the Knowlegde Worker. The infrastructure to make this possible is called Enterprise 2.0.
Enterprise 2.0 is : A System of Web (2.0)-Based Technologies that provide rapid and agile Collaboration, Information Sharing, emergence and integration capabilities in the Extended Enterprise. An Extended Enterprise is a Supply or Value Chain.
The definition of Enterprise 2.0 is constantly changing because Enterprise 2.0 is still a Concept. Many people are now struggeling to move from the concept/idea-stage to the realization-phase.
The main issue behind de term “Web 2.0” is the move from a Sender/Receiver-model, the One-Sided Website, to a more Collaborative use of the Internet (Discussions, Social Networks). According to the Inventors of the term Web 2.0 the “new web”, is a Collaborative Web.
For some reason they have forgotten that the World Wide Web (WWW) software of Tim Berners Lee was part of a Collaborative Platform to support the scientists that Participated in a Network called DARPANET. This network was created by DARPA, the Technological Think-Tank of the American Army in 1957!.
What is the definition of the term “Collaboration”?
The word “collaborate” comes from the Latin “Collaboratus” meaning “Work (Labore) together (Col)”. The term “to-gather” comes from the term “gadurojan” which means “in good fellowship” or “United“. When you Collaborate you are not working Alone but with Others United in Good Fellowship.
The Potential to Collaborate is an Aspect of the Personality.
The Personality Types of the Human Being can be described with two variables Agency and Communion. Comm-Union is the capability to Col-Laborate, to accomplish a Union. The variable Agency describes your relationship between the Self and the Other.
When you are High in Communion and Low in Agency you are suffering from a Dependent Personality Disorder. This disorder is characterized by a pervasive psychological dependence on other people. You always want to Collaborate and are very Emotional.
When you are High in Communion and High in Agency you are suffering from a Histrionic Personality Disorder. People with a Histrionic Personality Disorder have good social skills, but they tend to use these skills to manipulate other people to become the Center of Attention. They are very Imaginative.
According to Interpersonal Theory a “normal” person is able to Combine Two or More Interpersonal Faculties.
There are two Disorders left called Paranoid (High Agency, Low Communion) and Schizophrenic (Low Agency, Low Communion). Paranoid people have a big problem with their Expectation. They want to control the Future and Every Person in their Context. Schizophrenic people are completely influenced by their mostly Visual Senses. They See what they Want to See.
If you combine the Four Interpersonal Faculties (Emotions, Imagination, Expectations and Senses) Twelve Interpersonal, Collaborative, Patterns emerge. A good example is the Master(Paranoid)/Slave(Dependent)-Relationship (Expectation/Emotions). Some People Love to be Dominated by the Other.
Interpersonal Faculties can be combined into Collaborative Work Patterns.
In my blog about Vocation I showed that work is an Expression of the Personality. If you believe this is True and you believe Interpersonal Theory is True you have to admit there are Twelve Types of Work.
When you are highly Imaginative and Sensitive (You Believe Your Own Eyes, You are Realistic, Factual) you are an Entrepreneur, You want to bring An Idea into Reality. To Find the Facts you need an Information System to Investigate what is Happening. The Internet with all its Sources of Information is a beautiful tool to use.
To bring an Idea into Practice you have to Realize the Idea. In this case you need a Designer (Transform Ideas into Models) and a Maker (Bring Models into Reality). A Maker is not a Collaborative person (Low Communion). Makers want to work Alone.
When you create a Team of Makers to Realize your Idea the Team will fail. To avoid Competition the Designer has to define a Model (An Architecture and a Project Plan) in which all the Lonesome Workers are able to do their Specialized Job.
I hope you believe we are able to define a complete (meta)-Architecture and a (meta)-Plan to move around in the (meta)-Work-Space.
What is the Relationship between the Work Patterns and Enterprise 2.0?
An Enterprise is a combination of many people with many Collaborative Work-patterns. We could Specialize an Enterprise to perform one kind of Pattern. If we Specialize an Enterprise we have to combine many Enterprises in an Extended Enterprise to do Everything we Want to Do.
We need a Designer Company, A Sales Company, Visionairs, Entrepeneurs and other Roles to cover the Complete Spectrum of Work. If We want to Produce we always need the Makers. The Makers need a well defined Structure (A Hierarchy), a Plan and an Architecture, to operate in.
At this moment Enterprise 2.0 is nothing but a Concept. Somebody of High Agency and High Communion (A Creator) has gotten the Idea that the new 2.0 Internet is able to support an Enterprise.
He hopes that the new tools will break down the Hierarchical Structure of the Organization of the Makers. Creators don’t like Hierarchies. They love Networks. If Creators are One-Sided, Histrionic, they want to Stay in the Center of Attention of the Network.
What Creators don’t realize is that Makers, the Majority of the Human Beings, don’t want to use Collaborative Tools. They want to work Alone in their own Specialized Compartment of the Beehive.
Enterprise 2.0 is a Concept to support Innovation. Someday the Innovation has to be Stabilized. If we want to do that we still need Enterprise 1.0, The Factory until we find another Solution (The Robots?).
Don’t forget the Worker Bees. They Bring in the Honey.
When I attended the University of Leiden Software-Development was in its infancy. In 1969 just a few people were programming for the simple reason that the amount of computers was very low. It took a lot of time (many weeks), intelligence and perseverance to create a small working software-program.
At that time the effect of a software-program on other people was very low. Software-programs were used by the programmers themselves to solve their own problems.
When User-Interfaces, Databases and Telecommunication appeared it became possible to create software for Many Non-Programmers, Users. The software-systems got bigger and programmers had to cooperate with other programmers.
When the step from One-to-Many was made in the process of software-development and exploitation, Software-Quality became a very important issue.
What is Software?
A Software-program is a sequence of sentences written in a computer-language. When you speak and write you use a natural language. When you write a computer program you use an artificial, designed, language.
The difference between natural and artificial languages is small. Esperanto is a constructed language that became a natural language. Perhaps all the natural languages were constructed in the past.
Software programs are very detailed prescriptions of something a computer has to do. The specifications of a software-program are written in a natural language (Pseudo-Code, Use-Case).
To create Software we have to transform Natural Language into Structured Language. The big problem is that Natural Language is a Rich Language. It not only contains Structural components but is also contains Emotional (Values), Imaginative ((Visual) Metaphors) and Sensual Components (Facts). The most expressive human language is Speech.
In this case the Tonality of the Voice and the Body Language also contains a lot of information about the Sender. When you want to create Software you have to remove the Emotional, Imaginative and Sensual components out of Human Language.
What is Quality?
According to the International Standards Organization (ISO), Quality is “the degree to which a set of inherent characteristics fulfills requirements“. According to the ISO the quality of a software-program is the degree in which the software-coding is in agreement with its specification.
Because a specification is written in natural language, Quality has to do with the precision of the transformation of one language (the natural) to another language (the constructed).
According to Six Sigma Quality is the number of defects of an implementation of the specification of the software.
Another view on Quality is called Fitness for Use. It is this case Quality is “what the Customer wants” or “What the Customer is willing to pay for“.
Six Sigma is the Sensory View on Quality (Facts), ISO is the Unity View on Software (Procedures, Laws, Rules) and Fitness for Use is the Social View on Quality (Stakeholders).
The last worldview of McWhinney, the Mythic, the View of the Artist, is represented by the Aesthetical view on Quality. Something is of high quality when it is Beautiful.
The Four Perspectives of McWhinney look at something we name “Quality”. We can specify the concept “Quality” by combining the Four definitions or we can try to find out what is behind “the Four Views on Quality”.
The Architect Christopher Alexander wrote many books about Quality. Interesting enough he named the “Quality” behind the Four Perspectives the “Quality without a Name“. Later in his life he defined this Quality, the “Force of Life“.
What Happened?
In the beginning of software-development the Artists, the Mythics, created software. Creating high quality software was a craft and a real challenge. To create, a programmer had to overcome a high resistance.
The “creative” programmers solved many problems and shared their solutions. Software-development changed from an Art into a Practice. The Many Different Practices were Standardized and United into one Method. The Method made it possible for many people to “learn the trade of programming”.
When an Art turns into a Method, the Aesthetic, the Quality that Has No Name, Life Itself, disappears. The Controller, Quality Management (ISO), has tried to solve this problem and has given many names to the Quality without a Name. Many Aspects of Software Quality are now standardized and programmed into software.
But…
It is impossible to Program the Social Emotions and the Mythic Imagination.
So…………
Software developers don’t use Methods and Standards because deep within they are Artists. The big difference is that they don’t solve their own problems anymore. They solve the problems of the users that are interviewed by the designers.
And…..
The Users don’t want the Designers to tell the Programmers to create something they want to create themselves (the Not-Invented Here Syndrome). They also don’t know what the programmers, instructed by the designers will create, so they wait until the programmers are finished and tell them that they want something else.
What Went Wrong?
The first Computer, the Analytical Engine of Charles Babbage, contained four parts called the Mill (the Central Processing Unit, the Operating System), the Store (the database), the Reader, and the Printer. The Analytical Engine and his successors were based on the Concept of the Factory.
In a Factory the Users, the Workers, The Slaves, have to do what the Masters, the Programmers, tell them to do.The Scientists modeled successful programmers but they forgot to model one thing, the Context. At the time the old fashioned programming artists were active, software was made to support the programmer himself. The programmer was the User of his Own software-program.
At this moment the Factory is an “old-fashioned” concept. In the Fifties the Slaves started to transform into Individuals but the Factory-Computer and the Practices of the Old Fashioned Programmers were not abandoned.
To cope with the rising power of the Individual the old methods were adopted but the old paradigm of the Slave was not removed. The Slave became a Stakeholder but his main role is to act Emotionally. He has the power to “Like or to Dislike” or “To Buy or not to Buy”.
The big Mistake was to believe that it is possible to program Individuals.
What To Do?
The Four Worldviews of Quality Move Around Life Itself.
According to Mikhail Bakhtin Life Itself is destroyed by the Process of Coding (“A code is a deliberately established, killed context“).
When you want to make software you have to keep Life Alive.
The Paradigm-Shift you have to make is not very difficult. Individual Programmers want to make Software for Themselves so Individual Users want to Do the Same!
At this moment the Computer is not a tool to manage a factory anymore. It has become a Personal tool.
It is not very difficult to give individuals that Play the Role of Employee tools to Solve their own Problems.
When they have solved their own problems they will Share the Solutions with other users.
If this happens their activities will change from an Individual Act of Creation into a Shared Practice.
If People Share their Problems and Solutions, their Joy and their Sorrow, they Experience the Spirit, the Force of Life, the Quality that has no Name.
A model of a model is called a meta-model. Meta-models are made to increase the efficiency of the software-development process. You can go on with the creation of models-of-models (a meta-meta-model).
If there is nothing to stop you to model the model there is something wrong with the modeling approach.
When you are modeling you are compressing data. When you compress data the amount of data is reduced. A compression of a compression amounts to less data so there must be an end to the process of meta-modeling.
The counterpart of Compression is Expansion. When you have used a valid meta-modeling approach the meta-model has to expand to the original model without losing data.
When you want to make a meta-model you can model a static (a database) or a dynamic model (a process). Most of the meta-models of dynamic models are static models. They are stored in a database (dictionary, repository). The process of meta-modeling has the tendency to freeze the dynamics of a dynamic model.
A database is a combination of a storage-system and a software-program that stores and retrieves the data at the right place. A storage-system is also a software-program connected to a rotating device, a disk-drive, which is also managed by a software-program.
In reality every thing moves. Meta-Modeling splits a Dynamic System in a Database (a Datamodel) and Software (a Process) to Apply the Meta-Model. The Software is used to Expand the Compression of the Dynamic Model.
If you want to evaluate the efficiency of a meta-modeling approach you have look at the efficiency of the compression and the expansion of the data and the process.
When everything is a process, a method is a dynamic meta-model of a process. The meta-model of a method, a meta-meta-process, is a summary of the method. If you are not able to use the summary something is wrong with the method. If the summary is sufficient the real method is too complex.
The only way to create an efficient and reliable meta-model of a process is to find the self-similarity of the process. A self-reference, a fractal, of a process always contains less data and it is possible to enfold the fractal to a lower level without losing data.
If you use the fractal approach meta-meta-meta-….modeling is not needed because a fractal meta-model contains two parts, the fractal and the program to expand or compress the fractal to a lower or higher level.
Fractal compression and expansion is very successful in the area of image processing and textual summaries.
Is it possible to find the meta-model fractal?
The big problem is language. We express our reality in language and our current language is heavily distorted. It contains many interrelated overlapping layers.
If we use the language that is produced to describe processes we will perhaps be able to summarize, find the essence of the text, but we are never sure the text contains the real processes.
The solution to this problem is to observe processes and make a picture. If we Observe processes, look with the Eyes, we are producing Images. Fractal compression is able to compress these images.
How about the Ancient Scientists?
The ancient scientists were aware of the divine fractal. In my blog “About the Whole and the Parts” I use the Ternary Numbers or the Trinity to define a Meta-Model. The model starts with the Dynamic Whole and is expanded until it has replicated itself.
Interesting enough the theory behind fractal compression uses iterated functions based on the so called Sierpinski Gasket to detect fractals. The Sierpinski Gasket is an expansion of Triangles in Triangles. It is used to simulate DNA, a Biological Meta-Model and other “natural” structures
What happened?
The first expansion: Ø → 0. The Void, the Infinite Potential, transformed into the Nothing.
The second expansion: 0 →(-1,0,1). The nothing expanded in a negative and a positive part. The sum of the expansion is still zero. This is the principle of voiding. Every part that is created needs a counter-part that is it’s opposite (Part ∩ Counterpart = Ø). Every Expansion is compensated with the same Compression. When we divide a Whole we always have to make a “clear” cut (no overlap).
The third expansion: (-1,0,1) → (-2,-1,0),(0), (0,1,2). This is the creation of the Four Forces with the Void, the Zero (now the Fifth, Quintessence), in the Middle. Two of the Four Forces are the Same Forces that were formed in the Second Expansion. They could be called Expanding Expansion (Desire) and Compressing Compression (Control). The other two combinations are Expanding Compression and Compressing Expansion. Most of the time they are called Spirit (Creating) and Soul (Connecting). In the third expansion the Divine Fractal has expanded in Itself. That’s why we, the Humans, are created in the Image of God, the Creator.
Is it possible to transform the “divine” metamodel into a “normal” metamodel?
The whole problem comes down to language again. Are we able to translate the numbers into the Right Words? Let’s have a try.
0 or 5 are mostly called consciousness or the observer. In the terminology of IT 0 or 5 could be called a Monitor. The Monitor has to take care that every part has a counter-part.
1 and -1 are called Control and Desire. In terms of IT they could be called Rules and Sensors. The Sensors and the Rules are opposites. The Facts of the Sensors always fight the Structures (Methods, Systems, Programs) of the Rule-System. The conflict between Facts and Rules (Testing the Model) is the basic conflict behind every Scientific Approach.
-2 and +2 are called the Creator, the Imagination (Ideas) and the Emotions (Social Relationships). They represent the Possibility (in terms of new combinations of the existing Parts) to Enfold the model to a New level and the Role of the Human, the Actor, in the Game (defined by the Rules) that the Controller is playing with the Sensors. The Creator and the Emotions are also opposites. The Creator Splits and the Emotions Merge.
What is the fractal?
The Fractal is a Spiraling Spiral that moves Three Cycles Up and Three Cycles Down and rests in the Middle (the Seventh Day).
In the Cycle the Controller, the Sensors, Spirit and Soul are connected in Twelve possible ways.
Sometimes Spirit & Soul and Control & Desire void each other. It this case the Spiral moves back to the Void.
When Soul, Spirit and Desire (The Mother), the Female Trinity, are connected the Spiral Expands.
When Soul, Spirit and Control (The Father), the Male Trinity are connected the Spiral Compresses.
Spirit moves the Spiral Up and starts a new Level of Awareness.
Soul moves the Spiral Down to an existing Level of Communion.
The Divine Rule, the Golden Mean, the principle of Harmony, controls the Trinities of the Golden Spiral, to make sure that the spiraling spiral always voids itself in the end and returns to the Beginning.
You can develop software at the level of the software-language itself (coding) or at the tool-level (generating). When you use a tool the complexity of the software-development-process is reduced but the complexity of the coding increases.
When you use a tool the software-language is generated but the coding of the generator is not readable. You need the tool to understand what the software is doing. If you use a tool you have to change the software on the tool-level. If you adapt the generated coding the tool is not usable anymore.
The big problem arises when a software-vendor abandons his tools. This happens often. Software-vendors go broke, are sold and merge or they simply don’t want to maintain the software of the tools.
When a software-vendor has stopped to maintain his tools he also stops to adapt his tools to the underlying hardware, the target-environment of the tools. The target-environment changes because hardware-vendors improve their software, go broke, are sold and merge or simply stop the maintenance of their hardware.
It is very easy to develop new software with a new software-tool. The software-development process becomes very complicated when you want to connect the new software to the old software and the old software is generated by obsolete tool-sets generating obsolete coding that is used by obsolete hardware.
In practice every new software-language, every software-tool and every piece of hardware becomes obsolete. This means that you always have to maintain a huge incomprehensible set of software-components.
Many companies wait until the last moment to replace an obsolete software-environment. At that moment the skills to adapt the software-environment are gone and the only thing that is left for them is to cope with the current situation.
What has happened?
The software-industry is still in its infancy. About fifty years ago the industry was born and it took a very long time to understand what was right and wrong. During that time many companies became highly dependent on immature software.
Why do 70% of the IT-projects fail?
The main approach is to define a new system “out of the blue”. When the project has to face the reality of the installed base things go terribly wrong.
How do you Face Reality?
You are able to face reality when you have made an inventory of all the software components, their relationships (the syntax) and the semantics, the meaning, of the components and their relationships. This sounds simple but it is a very complicated and expensive activity to describe the so called “installed base”. When you have never spent enough time to create a reliable inventory you have to do a lot of work. Most companies postpone this activity until eternity.
They know “everything” about their personnel, their assets and their financial situation but they are “in the blind” about the software that is keeping the books about their personnel, assets and finance. If they don’t know what the software-systems are doing how do they know that their databases are reliable? The answer is simple. They don’t.
What is Software?
A Tool, Software, generates Software but Software generates another type of Software called Machine-code. Software generates Software until the software has reached the lowest layer, bits and bytes. At a certain level the generated software is not understandable.
When the lowest level is reached the bits and bytes activate a processor that is controlled by a clock (the CPU). The processor moves the bits and bytes and sends the end-result (other bits and bytes) to the Outside. At the outside the bits and bytes are transformed into human readable symbols that are presented on a user-interface (Screen, Paper).
Why is Software Changed?
Software has to Change because something Happens in the Outside World, an Event. The Event is propagated until the lowest level, bits and bytes.
Problems arise if you let every Event happen at the moment it happens. If a software vendor creates a new version of its software there is no need to implement this version immediately. Sometimes it is much better to wait until the new release is stable. To prevent chaos you have to Manage the Events that are entering your Software-environment (Change & Release-management).
What is an Event?
An Event is Happening when Something is Set into Motion by Pressure (Tension). Most of the time an Event is associated with a Very Short Duration, an Explosion, but An Event can take much longer. A Movie is an Event. The Great Pyramid in Egypt is an Event.
An Event changes its Intensity all the time. A Concert has a Start and an Apotheosis. An Event is a Wave or a Vibration and every Event has its Unique Pattern.
An Event extends and compresses in Space/Time (A Hurricane). An Event is Born, Expands, Compresses, Dies and Disappears. It follows a Life-Cycle.
Software = Wave (1) + Wave (2) + Wave (3) +
If Events are Born, Mature and Die You can wait until the Event has reached the stage of Maturity. Many Events in the Software World never reach maturity. They die before they have reached this stage.
What is the next stage in the Software Wave?
To predict the Software-Cycle we have to define the Level and the Periodicity of the Wave You want to explore. Every Wave moves through five stages. At a certain point the wave moves to another level (Up or Down) and starts to cycle again.
The simplest way to describe the stages is to use the Four Seasons (Winter, Spring, Summer and Fall) in combination with a Fifth Stage called Indian Summer. This is the stage of the Whole or the Centre. It lies between Summer and Fall.
At this moment the Software Wave is in the Stage of the Centre and is preparing to Jump to another Level. In the Fifth stage the Centre, The Infrastructure, The Foundation, itself is on the Move.
What is the new Centre?
It is very clear that we are moving to a world-wide-software infrastructure. The Foundation of the Infrastructure is the Internet.
What to do?
When a new infrastructure is created the old infrastructure will become obsolete. If the old infrastructure becomes obsolete every layer on top of the infrastructure will become obsolete. This means that the best thing you can do at this moment is “wait and see”. Try to maintain the current situation as much as possible and prepare for the next step.
A few years ago (2003) somebody asked me to address the Dutch IT Architecture Congress. The subject was the Human Measure. To understand the Human Measure you have understand the relationship between the Human Being and The Human Measure System, The Emotions.
At that time I was already highly influenced by Will McWhinney so I used his model of the Four Worldviews to describe the Human. Later I discovered a Fifth Worldview (Consciousness) that was hidden in his teachings.
The consciousness is the monitor of the Whole of the Human Being. It reflects about the behavior of the parts and takes action when the Whole is not in Balance (Stressed).
According to Will McWhinney the Human can be described by The Emotions (Values), The Imagination (Ideas), The Senses (Desire, Facts) and the Expectation (Control, Rules).
The Four parts can be combined in six (or twelve = 4x3x2) Games. A Game is a strategy to solve the Conflict between the Four Independent Parts.
To me it is very clear that IT is focused on the combination Expectation/Senses. This combination is called the Analytical Game. It solves the Conflict between Facts and Rules. Will showed that this game was the dominating game in Western Culture.
In the Analytical Game the Emotions, the Consciousness and the Imagination are not important. In the Analytical Game you want to find the Absolute Truth, The Rules of the Game, by Analyzing the Facts sensed by the Eyes.
When you want to understand the Emotions you have to look at “emotional” Psychology. When you start to study “emotional” psychology the “box of Pandora” of Psychology opens up. Psychology is not a science like Mathematics or Physics. Everybody has his own theory about Emotions and everybody is defending his own “territory”. Psychology is simply a scientific mess.
One of the most helpful scientists (a friend of Will) was Rodney Cotterill. Cotteril analyzed the evolution of the Sensory-Motor System of every Organism on Earth. The Sensory-Motor System is an Interaction between the Emotions, the Motor, and the Senses.
The bacteria is drifting around, explores an inhomogeneous environment that contains all kinds of chemical structures. Some of these structures are destructive, some of them are neutral and some of them are attractive (food). When the bacteria finds (senses) food his rotator (the flagellum) moves the bacteria in a circular motion. The circular motion of the bacteria is preserved for a short time and this preservation could be called memory
The emotions are aimed at the survival of the human being. They Explore environments to find something that helps them to survive and Avoid destructive environments. When Humans have found an Attractive environment they Stay there and Store the data about the environment in their Memory. Humans are Moving Memories (E-motion means movement!).
According to Rodney Cotterill the Emotions are the basic structure, the infrastructure, of an organism. All the other structures are specializations of one of the parts (the Sensors, the Calculator (Imagination, Expectation)) of the Emotional Infrastructure.
IT is highly focused on Sensors and Calculators (the Senses and the Expectation). IT has no idea what to do with the Emotions, the E-Value-ator, the basic Measurement System of the Human Being. The main objective of the Evaluator is to find Food and to stay Alive.
The Human Imagination has created many “abstractions” of Food and Secure Environments. They are all stored in the Memory as Symbols and Metaphors but it is not difficult to define what Humans don’t like. They don’t like the same thing IT-experts don’t like. IT-experts want to be Valued. They don’t want to be Dominated. They demand the freedom to Express their Creativity. They don’t want to play a role in a Play that was Designed by somebody else.
IT-experts love to play the Analytical Game. In this Game the Humans, called the Users play the role of the Object, the reusable Module, that has to do its Job. In the Analytic Game Users don’t have Emotions and Imagination. They have to Eat the Food that grew out of The Seeds of the Imagination of the Architect.
What is the Human Measure?
The basic measure of the Human Being is related to everything that gives him or her a feeling, an Emotion, of Security. The Human Value-System, the Emotions, is always looking for Shelter, Protection and Love. Humans Beings need other Human Beings to tell and show them that they are Value-able.
If the Human Being has an Expectation this Expectation has to be realized in the near Future.
When the Emotions of the Human Being are Dominated it wants to move away from his environment because a dominating environment could be Destructive. When something or somebody is Dominating a Human Being he/she feels worthless.
If the Imagination of the Human Being experiences No Change, (Highly Repeating Actions) it wants to Explore a new Environment.
If the Senses experience Too Much Change the Human Being becomes Confused. When you are Confused your Expectation fails and the Human starts to drift around just like the bacteria.
If the Human Being is not Conscious (Aware, Focused) it is unable to Reflect. If the Human Being is not Aware he is unable to Balance the Emotions, the Imagination, The Expectation and the Senses. If there is no balance the Body becomes Stressed. A Stressed Body slowly kills the Immune System. An Unbalanced Immune System is the Cause of many Diseases.
What is IT Doing?
IT is still creating Dominating, Always Changing, Insecure and Confusing Software.
IT is not automating the repeating activities Humans don’t like. IT is producing highly disconnected software-systems.
IT is not helping the Humans to makes senses of the complexity of the Outside World. IT is increasing the Complexity of the Environment.
IT is not supporting the Human to explore its environment. IT is shielding the outside environment and is creating an artificial outside environment. Many people believe the Imaginary World is the Real World. The most destructive artificial worlds are the Destructive Computer Games. They give the Player the Believe that Killing People is no problem at all. The destructive Games are the Games of the Military. They kill people by looking at simulators and pushing buttons.
IT is Playing the Same Game using Different Terminology all the time. If you understand the transformation of the terminology the Game is Boring. If you don’t understand the terminology the Game is Confusing. If you Mix the Terminology the Game is too Complex to Play. Almost nobody knows the Rules so many People make mistakes, believe they win the Game but in reality lose the Game.
What to do?
Perhaps somebody is able to Invent a New Game.
I have an Idea.
Why don’t we create a Game that Creates Games? According to the Theory of Will this Game is called the Game of Culture. It solves the conflict between The Imagination (The Creator) and the Emotions (The Mover). When the Mover is Inspired by the Creator the Sensory/Motor-System starts to Act with Spirit (Imagination) and Soul (Emotions). In terms of Emotional Psychology: The Human becomes Highly Moti-vated!
If we look at the theory of Will we now can see that the Analytical Game is the Complement of the Game of Culture.
If we Unite the two Games, the Games of the West and the Games of the East, we are able to connect all the parts of the Human Being in a Cycle, the Cycle of Human Innovation.
The First Computer Failed because of its Complex Number System
The first fully programmable computer was Designed by Charles Babbage in 1837. Babbage failed to get enough money to Build his Analytical Engine. It was never build.
The failure of Charles Babbage delayed the creation of the current computer for about a 100 years.
Nobody knows that Thomas Fowler Designed and Implemented a completely different and simple wooden computer in 1840. The big difference between Babbage and Fowler was the Number System. Babbage used Base 10. Fowler used the Balanced Ternary Number System.
About the Ternary Number System
The balanced ternary number system is created by balancing Ternary (Base 3) Numbers around the Centre of the Number Line, 0. A balanced ternary number is a combination of negative and positive ternary numbers.
The balanced ternary number system is a very special Number System because all the basic mathematical operations, addition, subtracting, multiplication and division are accomplished by the application of very simple operations based on very special symmetries.
Symmetries are the foundation of Simplicity, Beauty and Elegance. The Engine of Fowler was a very simple and beautiful machine made out of wood.
I
In 1958 a Ternary Computer, the Setun, was build at the Moscow State University. It was never used.
About Number Systems
When you want to represent a number you can start with base 1. The number 13 is represented by thirteen “1’s, “1111111111111”.
Of course you are free to use other symbols to represent the number “1”. When you want to represent 13 goats you could use 13 goat-like symbols. When you want to represent many goats the sequence of goat-like symbols becomes very long.
The next step is to group the goat-like numbers. You could group them in binary groups (11 11 11 11 11 11 1), ternary groups (111 111 111 111 1) or in every other group you want.
In every case you have to assign new symbols like “1” → “-“, “11”→ “=” and “111” → “≡”. The number 13 becomes “≡ ≡ ≡ ≡ -“.
When you have defined a grouping method you can repeat this method. The only thing you need is a new symbol “x” to represent repetition, a symbol that represents addition “+”, a rule how to read the sequence (left to right, right to left) and symbols (“(,”)”) that show what has to be combined. ≡ x (≡) + ≡ + – now means 3X3 + 3 + 1 = 13 (and not 3x(3+1 +1) = 21).
If you want to use a high base number you need many symbols to represent the numbers of the group. If you use a low base number you need many symbols to represent the repetition. An obvious strategy is to minimize the product of these two quantities. The result of this calculation is the number 3 (or better the number e)!
About Ternary Memory Systems
The number 3 is the most efficient way to represent numbers. There is much more to say about the properties of the number 3. One of these properties can be used in Databases and Storage systems.
A Balanced Ternary Storage system can be easily expanded because you can always add a new entrance in the middle. The Balanced Ternary Storage System (represented by the Arabic Mystical Lote Tree) is one of the simplest and efficient storing methods of data.
What is the Reason behind the Blog
I am writing this blog because I have spent a lot of time to research the Scientific and Spiritual Trinity. The mathematical and the spiritual theory about the Trinity have a lot in common.
The Trinity or the Ternary Number System is the most efficient, most effective and most beautiful (in terms of symmetries) way to Represent, Calculate and Store Numbers. The Trinity is therefore the most effective Way to Represent the Fractal Expansion of the Dynamic Whole.
What Happened?
The beginning of the Universe is a transformation of the Void (Ø) into the Nothing (0).
In the next step, the Egg of the 0 became the One (1) that splitted into the Duality (2) to become Aware of Itself.
In this case the first sequence of creation becomes Ø,0,1,2.
When we rewrite this sentence in balanced ternary language we read something else. In this case the beginning of the Universe is an expansion of the Void (0) into a negative (-1) and a positive part (1). The first sequence of creation becomes Ø (zero members of the set), (-1,0,1)(3 members of the set).
In the ternary balanced language the next expansion of the Universe is created by expanding the negative and positive part of the Universe in the Middle. A new expansion is created by adding the same structure in the Middle of the Middle of the Middle.
1
Ø
2
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
-1
0
1
3
-2
-1
-0
0
+0
1
2
This expansion moves on until the system has replicated itself. At that time the expansion moves faster and faster and faster. The Self-Referencing System of the Universe, the “Divine Fractal“, is unfolding itself at an ever increasing (logaritmic) speed in a spiraling spiral pattern creating many more (negative and positive) Numbers.
At a certain point the Negative and Positive numbers are Voided in the Zero and the Universe starts to expand again.
The unfolding creates many universes and one of these Universes is our own Universe. All the time the center, the 0, the Void, stayed at the middle.
At this moment the lowest level, our level, is almost finished and a new Evolution, a Jump to a new Level, has to start. This Jump will be a Jump out of the middle, the Heart Chakra.
Is this Explanation too Simple?
This explanation is much too simple because the whole creation process is now projected into one dimension, a Line, and we are looking at the third step of the Fourty-Two (3×13+4) Steps that have happened until now.
Every split of the universe creates a new dimension. The splitted parts of the Universe, the balanced ternary trees, are Rotating Structures that contain Rotating Structures.
They look like the image of the rotating World Clock of Wolfgang Pauli that is carried by the Raven (the Trickster, the Demiurg), the Four Beasts in the Vision of Ezekiel and the Sri Yantra.
The other complication is that the Universe is creating its own Space and is therefore closed in itself. There is no Outside of the Universe. We are not living Inside an expanding Balloon but are travelling the Inside Surface.
When the Universe has expanded for a very long time the many dimensions are still there but they show themselves in very complicated Topological Structures like (Celtic) Knots, connected Moebius Rings, the Symbol of Infinity and the Klein Bottle, the Basic Structure behind Alchemy.
It is simply impossible to show and understand the current complexity. The only thing that is very helpful is to realize that the structure behind the Universe is a Fractal.
This means that that at every level the same structure repeats itself. When you know everything there is to know about One Level you know every thing there is to know about Every Level.
If You understand the Human Being, You understand the Universe. This principle was called by the Ancient Scientists, “So Above, So Below” and “As Within, So Without”.
The Balanced Ternary Number System or the Trinity that contains the Trinity can be used to explain Your Self.
It can be used to explain the “strange” behavior of the Brain Trinity, a combination of a Whole, the Body, A Left and a Right Brain. The “Trinity Pattern” repeats itself in every part of your body.
The pattern of Seven (The Trinity in the Trinity) shows itself as the Seven Chakra’s. The next step, the Thirteen (3×4 +1 = 13), shows itself in the Twelve Signs of the Zodiac (+ the Center, the Pole Star), the Twelve Apostles (+ Jesus) and the Twelve Knight of Arthur (+Arthur).
The Expansion of this pattern on a much deeper level also generates the Acupuncture Points (Nadi’s) in Your Body.
Why is Science not Aware of this?
The main reason can be found in the story of Thomas Fowler. He invented a Very Simple computer system but he was beaten by the Complicated system of Charles Babbage.
Babbage used the 10 base to define his Engine and he needed lots of money to create this very complicated system. He never finished his analytical engine but many years later IBM almost copied his design when they developed the IBM 360. They were, like Microsoft, experts in Marketing. They sold what the Customer wanted to buy and never took time to think about the Essence.
Thomas Fowler was a very simple man. He tried to do his best and was never aware of the power structures that controlled science and the market at that time. He wanted to help people but helping people is the stupidest thing you can do in a capitalistic system.
When an infrastructure is chosen it is almost impossible to change the infrastructure because everything that is build on top of this infrastructure becomes obsolete when the foundation is wrong. We will never be able to introduce a ternary computer infrastructure unless something happens that breaks the upper layer. Some people think this time is near.
Simplicity, Elegance, Beauty and Efficiency are not the main object of Capitalism. The main object of Capitalism is Making Profit.
What is the best Way to acquire Scientific Knowledge?
Thomas Fowler was not educated in the science of his time. He just invented the mathematics he needed. When he was educated in the science of his time he could have invented the same machine but it is much more plausible that he would have invented another Analytical Engine.
Thomas Fowler used his own judgment and his own talent to create something he thought was useful to support his own banking system (he also created a Bank!).
The Balanced Ternary Database of the Universe was called the Akasha. According to the Ancient Scientists of India every memory of the past and the future is stored in the Universe. They believed we are part of a Super Mind and this Mind knows everything that has happened or will happen.
Some people are suddenly connected to this Super Mind. They are Enlightened and find a solution for a very complicated problem in a Dream or a Trance State.
Strangely enough all of them receive or have received the same information.
What is going to happen?
The expansion of our Universe is getting into a critical state. This state is visible in all the fractal levels of our Universe.
It is visible in the Weather System, The Ecological System, The Economic System and the Cultural System. All of them are changing.
It is also visible in many Human Beings who experience the intervention of the Super-Mind in their Lives.
The big transformation must be visible in the Seven, until now not-connected universes. The other universes are currently shielded behind a Veil but this veil is slowly lifting. The movement of the Veil could explain the huge increase of Strange Encounters with Extraterrestials.
Our universe has been expanding and but very soon it will or may appear to stop. Our Universe may even begin to appear to shrink but it is not because it is reversing, heading towards some kind of big crunch but because it is folding, connecting to Itself, the Super Mind.
In the first stages of the Universe the Light was created but now we are entering a new phase where the consciousness of the Super Mind, is opening up to all the inhabitants of all the Seven Universes.
The opening of the Super Mind to all the Souls of the Universe has been named with many names in many religions all over the World (Ascension, the Golden Age, Point Omega, The Last Judgment, the Fifth World, The End of Time).
It is not clear what the connection with the Super Mind will accomplish. Many inspired scientists and prophets have tried to describe and explain this state.
One thing is sure it will be very different from the current situation where we are all isolated souls existing in many disconnected time-lines in many disconnected universes.
In the beginning of Software Development Programmers just Programmed. They did not use any method. The program was punched on a stack of cards and the computer executed the code. It took many days to get a small program running.
In the early 1980s an Analyst wrote down Specifications and the Programmer transformed the specifications into a Program.
The Programmers and Analysts had to fill in forms with a pencil. The forms were typed by a central department and returned to them for correction. Much later programmers and analysts were able to use their own text editor.
The Specifications and the Programs were represented by many competing diagramming techniques like DFD (Data Flow Diagrams), JSP (Jackson), ERD (Entity Relationship Diagrams, Bachman), NIAM, Yourdon, Nassi Schneidermann and ISAC (Langefors). The Programmers and Analysts used Pencils and Plastic Frames to draw the Diagrams.
The data about the programs and the databases were stored in a Dictionary. A Dictionary is a System to store and retrieve Relationships. The Dictionary Software generated Copybooks that were included into the (COBOL) Programs. One of the most important Dictionary Packages was called Datamanager.
Datamanager used a so called Inverted File Database Management System. The Inverted File or Inverted Index is optimized to store and find Relationships.
At that time there were many types of Database Management Systems (Hierarchical, Network, Relational and Object). They were optimized for a special type of storing and retrieving data.
Between 1980 and 1990 the competing Methods and Diagram Techniques were fused and expanded to cover many domains of IT. The Dictionary (Datamanager) was also expanded to contain many more Relationships.
Around 1990 the process of integration was finally accomplished. At that time Information Engineering (IE) of James Martin was the most comprehensive Methodology available on the Market.
Texas Instruments implemented IE on a mainframe computer and called it IEF. IE was also implemented in IEW (Knowlegdeware) and Excellerator (Index Technologies). Computer Assisted Software Engineering (CASE) was born.
You have to understand that Graphic User Interfaces and PC’s were at that time in their infancy. It was impossible to manipulate diagrams. We used mainframes and Dumb User Interfaces (Forms) to define the models but we got a long way with it.
The big innovation came when IBM announced AD/Cycle in 1990. They created an Alliance with Bachman Information Systems, Index Technology Corporation, and Knowledgeware to create the most advanced Model Driven Software Development Tool ever made.
The kernel of AD/Cycle would be a complete new Repository based on the Relation DBMS of IBM called DB2.
At that time ABN AMRO was in a merger and we had the idea that an alliance with IBM would help us to create a new innovative development environment. I was involved in everything IBM was doing in its labs to create AD/Cycle.
The project failed for one simple reason. The Repository of IBM was never finished. The main reason was the Complexity of the Meta-Model of the Repository. A Relational DBMS is simply not the way to implement a Datadictionary (now called a Repository).
Another reason the project failed was the rise of Object Oriented Programming and of course the huge interference of Microsoft.
To save the project we had to find another repository and used the original Repository of Knowledgeware called Rochade. Rochade is still on the market. It is still a very powerful tool.
The introduction of the PC and the Activities of Microsoft generated a disaster in the development process of software. We had to move to square one and start all over again.
The Destructive Activities of Microsoft began by selling isolated disconnected PC’s to Consumers (Employees are also Consumers!).
At that time we did not realize this would cause a major drawback. We even supported them by giving all the employees of the Bank a PC, to Play With.
What we did not know was that the Employees started to Develop software on their own to beat the backlog of the central development organization. Suddenly many illegal (Basic) programs and databases appeared and we had to find a way to avoid Total Chaos.
The Solution to this problem was to introduce End User Programming Tools (4GL’s) like AS and Focus.
To provide the End Users with Corporate Data we had to develop Datawarehouses.
We were forced to create different IT Environments to shield the Primary, Accountable, Data of the Bank.
We had to develop a New Theory and Approach to support a completely new field of IT now called Business Intelligence.
We had to find a way to solve the battlefield of IBM (OS/2) and Microsoft (Windows) on the level of the PC Operating System.
We had to find a way to connect the PC to the other Computer Systems now called Servers. The concept of Client/Server was developed.
We had to find a way to distribute the Right Data on the Right Computer.
What Happened?
We were Distracted for about TWENTY YEARS and all what we where doing is Reacting on Technological Innovations that were Immature. We did not know this at that time.
The Big Innovation did not happen on the Level of the Method but on the Level of the Infrastructure. The Infrastructure moved from the Expert Level to the Corporate Level to the Consumer Level and finally to World Level. At this moment the MainFrame is back but the Mainframe is distributed over many Computers connected by a Broadband Network. We are finally back at the Beginning. The Infrastructure shows itself as a Cloud.
In every phase of the Expansion of the Infrastructure new Programming Languages were constructed to support the transformation from One level to the Other level. Every Time the Model had to be Mapped to another Target System.
The IBM Repository failed because the Meta Model of the Repository was much to complex. The Complexity of the Model was not caused by the Logical Part (The Technology Independent Layer) but by the Technical Part of the Model. It was simply impossible to Map the What on the How.
The only way to solve this problem is to make the What and How the Same.
This is what happened with Object Oriented Programming (OO). Object-Oriented programming may be seen as a collection of Cooperating Objects. Each object is capable of receiving messages, processing data, and sending messages to other objects. Each object can be viewed as an independent little machine with a distinct role or responsibility.
The rise of OO started in the early 1990s. At this moment it is the major programming paradigm. OO fits very well with the major paradigm about our Reality. That is why it can be used to Design (What) and to Program (How). OO comes with its own Method called UML.
What is Wrong with OO?
The first and most important problem is the problem of the Different Perspectives. Although OO fits with the Western Model of Reality, We (the Humans) perceive Reality in our own Way. Every Designer experiences another Reality and it is almost impossible to Unite all the Perspectives.
To Solve this Problem we All have to Agree on a Shared Model of Reality. This is mainly accomplished by defining Standard Models of Reality. The problem with Standard Models of Reality is that they are EnForcing a Certain Point of View.
Enforcing one Point of View to many People generates Opposition and Opposition starts a Process of Adaptation. The Major Effect is a very Complex Implementation of an Inconsistent Model of Reality. The What and the How are not the Same anymore.
OO is creating the Problem they want to Solve.
What to Do?
The long process of integration of the Methods until the 1990’s showed that there is one major issue that has to be resolved when you want to create software.
This Issue is called Terminology. Its main issue is to Define What We are Talking About. If we don’t agree about what we are talking about (The Universe of Discourse) we will always be talking about what we are talking about. We will create Circular Dialogues.
Eugen Wüster was the creator of the Science of Terminology. His activities were taken over by Unesco. It founded a special Institute to coordinate Terminology in the World called Infoterm.
There are four distinct views on Terminology:
the Psychological View
Concepts are Human Observations. They have to be based on Facts.
the Linguistic view
Concepts are the meanings of general terms. They have to be Defined.
Concepts are abstractions of kinds, attributes or properties of general invariant patterns on the side of entities in the world. They have to be Related.
Sadly, elements of all four views are found mixed up together in almost all terminology-focused work in Informatics today.
We are Confusing even the Science to avoid Confusion.
Metaphysics is a theory of being in itself, of the essence of things, of the fundamental principles of existence and reality.
A major part of Metaphysics is concerned with the Static Part of the Reality, Being (Ontos, Ontology). The main issues of Metaphysics can be simply derived by playing with the verb to-be.
Behind Ontology (Being) is the verb to Be. The noun Being is-a-State-of to Be. When we take the first-derative, the difference of Being, Being becomes Becoming.
When you apply Causal Reasoning you have to find out Who is the Cause of the change of Being to Becoming. You also have to find out how a Static System changes into a Dynamic System.
A solution is to Imagine an Ultimate Being (The Absolute) who changed his Being into Becoming. This Absolute Being is the One. The change from the Static to the Dynamic is called Creation.
There are two possibilities. The Creator is Outside the Becoming or the Being is part of the Becoming. In the first case we are talking about an Ultimate Being, God, the Void, who is the creator of the Dynamic System. In the second case God IS the Dynamic System. Let’s call this Being “All That Is“.
The Difference between God and “All That Is” is the way the Act of Creation takes place. The Act of Creation of God is an Explosion, a Unique Act. The Act of Creation of “All That is” is an enfolding. Creation as an Enfolding moves slowly. Every new Expressions of the Unfolding show itself at the Right Time and the Right Moment.
The distinction between Being and Becoming has resulted in a major Fight on every Scientific Battleground we can imagine.
Let’s have a short look at Information Technology.
Data-oriented methodologies emphasize the representation of the Static relationships between the parts of the whole, the Data or the Database. On the other hand, process-oriented methodologies emphasize the actions Performed By a software artifact, a Program.
When we dig a little deeper into this subject we see that A Program (something written in a Programming Language) is a Static (Stored) Representation of a Process. When the Computer Executes a Program it Becomes a Process.
So the Dynamic is Stored in the Static and the Static becomes Dynamic because something called a Computer (An Actor, the Operating System) activates the Static. Interesting Enough the Computer is also a Program that is stored in itself. The basic part of the Computer is the Clock. The Clock generates a Rhythm.
So the Static is really a Dynamic and the Essence (The Metaphysics) of the Computer is a Clock, A Rhythm.
The Dynamic Structure of the Computer is an Enfolding of the Basic Structure of the Computer Itself which is Stored in Itself, which is a Rhythm. During the Rhythm the Computer moves through a Cycle.
I don’t want to dig deeper but I hope you see that the Computer Metaphor is a representation of the idea of “All What Is”.
The interesting point is that in the Reality of the Computer Metaphor there are Many Beings (Monads).
If we dig a little deeper we see that the Many Beings Communicate (by the Internet Protocol). They Unite on a deeper Level and transform into a Network. The Network is What it Is.
To a Human Observer the Network makes no Sense. We are unable to understand the essence (The Metaphysics) of the Network. We understand our Part but don’t see the Whole.
The Whole, the One, is beyond our Understanding. It is Unknowable (“neti neti“, “not this, not that“).
Language is a Static Representation of the Dynamics of Speech. A Human executes Language to perform the Process of Speech but Speech is not captured by Language. Human Speech is constantly adapting to Practice and Language is adapting to Practice. New (Computer) Languages are created all the time.
A Computer Language is a sub-set of Human Languages called Logic. Logic is a sub-set of Human Speech called Reasoning but Reasoning is not able to Understand the Whole.
Theory is a Static Representation of the Dynamics of Practice. A Human executes a Theory to perform the Process of Practicing. But Practice is not able to Understand the Whole so When a Practice fails we create a new Theory. Theory is adapted Practice and Practice is applied Theory. Being is adapted Becoming.
Being changes in Time because we are Experiencing (Being (t) = Being (t-1) + Experience). Experience is the Difference of Being is Becoming. The Becoming who is The One is generating Experience.
God is the Experience of God.
As You see it is possible to create many concepts and theories of Metaphysics just by Playing with the Verb To Be.
There is one more Language Game to Play. If we Play this Game we are entering the World of Deleuze.
Deleuze was fascinated by the Mathematician and Philosopher Leibniz. Leibniz invented a new Mathematical Game called Differentials. When you calculate a differential you calculate the way a function is changing in time.
Leibniz found a way to move from being to becoming and his formula is very easy. Becoming = Lim (t -> 0) (Being (t+1)-Being (t)). Find the smallest distance between two moments of Being. The smallest distance between two Beings is an Event.
The basis Structure of our Reality is not a Substance (The Static) but something that Moves Us (Emotion). The basic Structure of our Universe are Moments, Nows.
We are Points of View that are Experiencing a Beautifull Fluent Crystal, a HyperDiamond. Every Point of the Multi Dimensional Diamond is an Event.
We are trying to explain the Beauty of this Crystal to the other Points of View but we are unable to do this because we are only able to see a very small part and we are looking from our own angle.
We will never See the Whole until we are able to become a Circular Point of View, A Communion.
A major part of our activities have to do with “Not-Knowing”. We are constantly talking with others about “What we don’t Know”. We are speculating and are hoping that others know. Humans are wondering creatures.
The situation becomes more complicated when we meet people who are convinced they know but really don’t know. We believe them because they look like “People who know”. They are to be trusted. When we understand what they are talking about we spread the news and in due time many other people “know”.
The moment of Truth is when we Apply the Knowledge. Suddenly Everything Fails and we have to start all over again.
We are constantly talking with others about “What goes Wrong”. “What goes Wrong” is the major business of the Media Industry. What Goes Wrong is called News.
Many things that go wrong are transformed into a Reality Soap. Strange enough IT is not covered by the Reality-Soap-business.
I believe there are two reasons. The IT-business is the Most Incomprehensible Business in the World and we are accustomed to the fact “That Every Thing goes Wrong when you apply IT”.
The sad thing in IT is that a majority of the people in the IT-business don’t know what they are talking about. When a majority of Insiders is talking non-Sense the majority of the Outsiders believe they are talking Sense and are spreading the (non-)Sense to Others.
IT does not know that We (Humans) exist. IT is doing exactly what the Programmers are telling IT to do. A majority of the People in the IT-Business don’t know what Programmers are doing.
They believe they are doing something with a (programmer)language (Java, .Net) and the Internet. Some of them know important Hype terms like Web-Services and SOA (currently Agile & Blockchain!). All of them have never Applied what they are Talking about. Let’s call them Advisors.
Strangely enough the Advisors don’t understand that a Programmer is Talking to a Very Stupid Person called a Computer. The Computer is only able to do what he is Told to Do. The only thing the Advisors have to do is to Translate Human Language to Computer Language. This is a very simple Process if you know what You are Talking about.
Human Languages and Computer Languages contain Verbs and Nouns. Verbs are Processes and Nouns are States. The whole process starts with Defining What We are Talking About (The Universe of Discourse).
Many Humans are incapable to define What they Mean. They use the same Nouns in different Contexts. Some People use a Very Simple Vocabulary. Every Thing is a Thing and every Act is Doing Things.
A major part of the Activities of Advisors have to do with “not-Doing Things”. They are constantly talking with others about “What They Want to Do”. They are speculating and are hoping that IT will Solve all their Problems.
The Advisors believe that the Programmers will Understand what they are Telling and the Programmers believe that Advisors are telling them what To Do. Both of them don’t see that StoryTelling and Doing are from different Worlds. Advisors come from Venus and Programmers come from Mars.
The Users of IT Live on Earth.
Strange.
I feel I am Repeating the Same Story All The Time.
Repeating the Same Story all the Time is what many people are doing but they don’t know they are repeating the same story because they use Different Words to tell the Same Story or the Same Words to tell a Different Story.
What is the problem?
The Computer needs Logic and a major part of our Conversations are not Logical at all. We are trying to find “the Logic Behind” the Conversation.
Many people are not trained to find the “Logic behind Conversations“. They believe the World is an Endless Circular Conversation.
I don’t think Believe is the Right Term. I mean they are not Aware of the Fact that they are Talking all the Time without being Aware that they are Talking. They are Programmed Conversation Machines or Machines that are producing Words that give others the Impression that they Mean something. Perhaps Words are not ment to mean something. They are just Sounds.
Many people are incapable to Apply Logical Reasoning. They don’t have the talent or are not trained in School to Apply Logic. Logic is not trained at School anymore. In “the old times” Logic was the main component of the Curriculum of the “Latin School”. At that time IT (Logic) was part of Rhetorics.
When you are Applying Logical Reasoning you are a Craftsman. When a Craftsman makes a Mistake he is really in Trouble. His Doings operate in Reality.
The Doings of an Advisor are Imaginary. When an Advisor makes a Mistake he asks another Advisor to Advice. In the End Many Advisors are Advising Many Advisors. This creates Confusion. Advisors Like Confusion. Confusion means Work and Work means Income. With “mean” I don’t mean that Work is “the same as” Confusion. I am using a Rhetoric Concept called Analogy. For some people Work becomes highly Confusing when IT (not it) is used.
When the Advisors have created a lot of Confusion the Programmers start to find the Logic behind the Confusion. When they believe they have found the Logic they create an Infrastructure to Support Networks of Confused Advisors.
This Infrastructure uses different Terms for the Same Concept to make sure that the Advisors are able To Apply What They are Talking About. This new Infrastructure supports Endless Circular Conversations and it Generates a High State of Confusion. The high state of Confusion generates lots of Work (and Income) for Advisors, Programmers AND Users.
The Advisors are Happy because they can go on with their Circular Dialogues, the Programmers are Happy because the Advisors are Happy and the Users are Happy because they have something To Do.
Perhaps Work “is a” “State” of “Being Confused“.
If we could Eliminate all the Advisors and let the Craftsman talk to the Craftsman we would Avoid a Lot of Problems.
If we would Stop Programming What is not Programmable we would Avoid even More Problems.
If we would Stop Innovating IT we could Finally start to Use IT.
If we could Program Ourselves we would not need a Computer at All.
Humans are the most advanced toolmakers in nature. The main reason is that they are the less specialized organisms. They need tools to survive. People are also the most complex organisms in nature. This complexity makes it possible to invent new possibilities and to work with specialized tools and animals (horse, cow, hammer, car, computer).
All the time people have tried to make a better living by inventing new tools. If the basic needs were met (food, housing, health, safety), people got the time to get their emotional system into balance (love, self-esteem) and satisfy their imagination (play, explore, self-actualization).
At this moment, the amount of leisure-time to enjoy family life, relax, play and explore is going down. The number of people with heavy levels of stress is growing. The pressure on the emotions is increased by the current state of technology. The tools have overlapping functionality, take too much of the attention, do not communicate with each other and dominate the human being.
Tools have to be integrated completely in the cognitive system of the human being. If a tool takes over a part of the sensory-motor system (glasses, hammer, car) the imagination has to learn a new way to create the outside world. In the end, after practicing, people become united with their hammer or their car. They are not aware that they are carrying their glasses. If people have to practice too long or the tool is constantly intervening in their workflow the emotions get involved. They get frustrated and angry.
Tools were first invented to support basic human activities like talking, moving, looking, hearing, remembering and learning.
In a later stage of development, the use of the tools generated a new space of exploration. In this space, new tools emerged.
The invention of symbols started the exploration of Mental Space. Program Languages, Telecommunication and especially the Internet has opened up a new space to explore, called Cyberspace.
Advisor or Master
Advisors and masters involve the emotions. An advisor helps to make a choice or to set priorities. A master (e.g. a physician, teacher, manager) makes a choice for a person. The Cyberspace version of the master and the advisor is the Expert System. It uses advanced ways of pattern-recognition (e.g. Neural Networks).
Simulator
Simulators stimulate the imagination. Theaters and movies are examples of passive simulators. Games are actively involving many people. The Cyberspace version of the active simulator is the Collaborative Computer Game. The passive form can be seen in the Movie and the Television-program.
Memory
A memory archives the results of an internal or external dialogue. In the beginning, human communication was only verbal. Important issues to remember were incorporated in stories that were told from one generation to the other. When people specialized their activities, they needed a method (bookkeeping) to keep track of all the transfers. People invented symbols and the external memory to do this. The writing-symbols made it possible to share and exchange memories (letters, books) without talking. Writing enabled the movement of memories. The library was invented to store the external memories and protect them from fading away. Cyberspace is filled with the versions of static and moving memory called the Electronic Message (Email, Transaction) and the Database.
Mover
Movers were the first tools used in human society. A mover is an extension of the muscles. The first generation was invented to help the human move in physical space. Examples are hammers, cows, horses, steam-machines, cars, bicycles and robots. The next generation supported the movement of symbols (e.g. moving numbers) in mental space. The Difference Engine of Charles Babbage was invented to automate the calculation of mathematical tables. The most advance version of the mover, the telecommunication network, enables the movement of external memory’s in cyberspace.
Sensor
Sensors transform and filter data. Glasses and hearing aids were invented to support people when they get old. Humans looked at the stars and invented the telescope. In a later stage very advanced sensors were developed (Radio-telescope, MRI). They use complex statistical calculations to filter and transform the sampled data into pictures or sounds.
Comparator
Human survival and learning is based on comparing data and acting on the result. A comparator acts on an exception. To compare data a measurement instrument is needed and a agreement about the object of measure.
Human beings started to measure time and space a long time ago. It was needed to navigate and to predict the movement of the stars. In the first phase, the human body was used as a measure-instrument of space and the cycle of the sun and the moon as a measurement for time. The big problem with this approach was that every person and every place on earth came up with a different measurement and a different time.
When the human networks started to connect, standardization on a global level became necessary. The process of standardization of time and space took many ages. It needed numerous inventions in technology to support the process. The measure-instruments changed from mechanical devices (the clock) to software-devices.
Servant (Operating System)
A servant coordinates the activities of sensors, comparators and memories. Servants take over repetitive patterns. Humans find these activities boring (not imaginative). A servant has to act invisible (a black box).
When the use of a servant is prohibited, humans get frustrated. It has to be there all the time and do its job inconspicuous. With the help of the comparator and the sensor, the servant has to detect events and take appropriate action (coordinated movements, action patterns).
The big problem at this moment is the visibility and the interference of the servant in the human activity. People have to fill in the same form all the time. Processes stop in the middle of a company. The customer has to handover the data to the other processes.
Humans do not like to be emotional involved in boring activities. Therefore, the needs (their wishes) have to be defined in a very simple way. It must be possible to imagine the behavior of the complete system without knowing how the system is operating.
A good example of a perfect servant is the central heating system. People define their needs (a temperature) and everything works. The temperature is a control variable that represents the performance of the total heating system. People are able to imagine the effect of adjusting the thermostat (a comparator) on the environment they live in. They do not need to know how the servant works. His behavior is hidden. The central heating system is a black box, loosely coupled with another invisible servant-system, the utility-system (gas, electricity).
The servant and its associates were in the first era of IT locked into the physical space of the general-purpose computer controlled by its general purpose operating System. The servants had to stay close together because of the speed of communication. The speed and the capacity of the telecommunication network is going up fast. This makes it possible to distribute, specialize and connect Servants (now called Appliances).
People have to cooperate to survive. Children need their parents to nurture and teach them. Parents need the help of their children when they are old. The basic principle behind cooperation is long-term reciprocity. People give something voluntary and sometimes for free to others or help the other trusting they get something of the same value back in the future.
To survive people have to have a long-term perspective. They have to sustain their environment and the supporting infrastructures to make sure that there are enough people and tools to help them when they are old.
The need to survive created the basic level concept of cooperation (the tribe). The tribe transformed into higher and more complex levels of cooperation (town, guild, state, corporation) when human society evolved.
To coordinate the complex structures the mental concept of the many leveled hierarchy was formed. This concept fails when the environment of the organizational structure becomes turbulent.
Hierarchies adapt too slowly to their environment. At this moment, hierarchies are falling apart in cooperating self-sustaining specialized network. The networks are gaining control over many activities that are now taking place at the level of the big corporation and the state.
A specialized network produces activities and products that are consumed by other specialized networks. To realize the output people have to play complementary roles.
When we can distinguish six basic roles:
Craftsmen (Senses, Patterns)
A craftsman has acquired experience by practicing. Craftsmen do not like too much change. Change requires new practicing and keeps him from producing. A craftsman loves to make what he sees. He learns by copying. Examples are carpenters, painters, musicians, technicians and programmers. The craftsmen are the producers in the network. In many cases, programmable machines can replace their activities. Craftsmen use specialized tools. If their processes are standardized a process-model can be used to coordinated their activities.
Entrepreneur (Senses, Emotions)
An entrepreneur feels what preferences people have. Examples are retailers and brokers. Entrepreneurs sell the products the network is producing and buy products the network needs. They also are the people that negotiate contracts and make connections to other specialized networks. Entrepreneurs use technologies like relationship-management-tools and procurement-systems.
Politicians (Emotions, Patterns)
A politician structures collective emotions by creating consensus. He feels the opinions of the collective, has the gift to influence opinions, and gets people into collaborative action. A politician looks after the social cohesion in the network. He uses opinion polls and media.
Creators (Imagination, Patterns)
A creator visualizes the whole of a structure. A creator can balance variety (his imagination) and predictability (the patterns). Examples are composers, architects and designers. A creator designs the machines and the products the network is producing.
Motivator (Emotions, Imagination)
A motivator visualizes what makes people move forward. Motivators develop concepts. Many of them operate in the media (actors, writers, poets and movie-directors). Motivators cannot live without variety. Other examples are coaches and psychiatrist. A motivator looks after the long-term perspective of the network by creating and implementing a shared vision.
Inventors (Senses, Imagination)
An inventor makes sense of his imagination. Inventors generate ideas and create prototypes (R&D). They use brainstorming tools and analyze trends.
The roles are not evenly distributed in the network. The majority of the people play the role of the producer, the craftsman.
In the current situation, the basic roles are concentrated in specialized corporations (e.g. media, retail, production-plants) or staff-department of big corporations. Many high talented people are already leaving the big corporations and take part of specialized networks. The amount of one-person-companies is increasing.
People can cooperate with persons that share with them one of their basic cognitive components. An entrepreneur can convince a craftsman what products people he has to sell. They are both practical people (the senses). A creator (e.g. an architect) can show a craftsman what to make. They share a focus on structure (patterns).
When complementary roles are working in a cooperative environment, they join their forces in an open dialogue. This dialogue has many stages ranging from brainstorming (inventors take the lead) to realizing material structures (craftsman work together with creators).
Politicians, entrepreneurs and motivators can only perform if they are able to observe and express emotions (visual expressions, gestures). To ensure a successful cooperation they have to meet. New technologies like video-conferencing make it possible to cooperate anytime, any-place and anywhere.
To collaborate people have to communicate face to face. In a competition patents (legal actions) and secrecy (rules and walls) shield ideas to prevent the competitor to take the lead. In cooperation, ideas are shared to sustain the network.
The most used model in communication is the sender/receiver-model. People send and receive content (e.g. email, documents, pictures, plans, designs) Specialized networks need advanced content-management systems to support this model of communication.
The sender/receiver-model supposes that the brain converts ideas directly into words and that another person can easily draw out the meaning of the ideas from the words. It assumes little effort to understand or interpret what is being conveyed.
The sender/receiver-model only works if there is a high level of common conceptual understanding (a shared model) between all the people involved in the communication process.
In reality, this is mostly not the case especially when experts (inventors, craftsman and creators) are communicating with laymen (entrepreneurs, motivators and politicians).
The dialogue between an expert and a layman is often a monologue. The expert confuses the layman with all his knowledge and the layman is not capable of asking the right questions. In the end, the layman stops asking questions and accepts the situation.
The sender/receiver-model reduces a specialized network to a production-process. The model lowers the social cohesion (politicians), reduces the external cooperation (entrepreneurs) and removes the long-term perspective of the network (motivators).
People have to invest time to understand (ask unsophisticated questions) and explain their ideas (inventions) in many ways. It also takes time to generate trust. Ideas of others have to be tried out (in the imagination or in the real world) to understand them.
People have to have the opportunity to fail and learn from their mistakes. Sometimes they generate personal inventions that can be given back to the others to create reciprocity.
Eventually ideas create new personal patterns that can be shown and praised by others. Collaboration does not take place instantly but evolves in a cycle where the pleasure of finding things out is the motivator.
When people are pessimistic and afraid the other becomes the enemy. They shield themselves from the outside world by creating fixed boundaries (walls).
To make sure that they get something in return they use a threat (e.g. physical force, the legal system). Before they start, they have to spend time to prevent a possible conflict (making contracts, detailed specifications). When people trust each other, they cannot wait to start.
The fear of losing something (possessions, status, existence) changes a collaborative relationship into a battle.
In a competition, the focus is on winning and selfishness. Fear has a negative impact on the senses (tunnel view), the emotions (stress) and the imagination (creativity block).
In a competition, priority is given to stay in front and to prohibited possible actions of the enemies. To win one has to predict and control by defining strict rules and make sure that people obey the rules. Internal and external competition finally kills a cooperative relationship.
To prevent the move from cooperation to competition people have to sustain a free and open communicate-process.
Paths of Change, a Model of the Praxis by Will McWhinney. The model is based on independent World-Views. The colors of the Worldviews are reused in this blog: Red (Sensory), (Blue (Unitary), Yellow (Mythic), Green (Social).
Written 1995.
In the approach of Taylor and Ford, the employees and customers are treated as programmable machines. The focus was on a perfect coordination of the senses, the muscles and the production system (the assembly line). The emotions and the imagination were neglected.
In mass customization, the emotions are involved. In customer innovation, the imagination is imperative. In a demand oriented system all the parts of the human cognitive system have to play a role in a coherent and balanced way.
The human body acts on its environment with messages and action-patterns. The incoming and outgoing messages are observed by the senses and transformed to an internal format. The internal communication system sends the messages to the appropriate place in the body. The emotions are always looking for danger. They want to control the priority of the actions to make it possible for the body to react immediately. The imagination creates an image of the outside world and helps the body to generate scenario’s to improve its action-patterns.
The senses are the connection to the physical outside world. They shield the human being from the enormous amount of signals that are trying to enter the body. They filter incoming data and transform the data in a standard internal format. When the senses detect an event, it is evaluated by the emotions. If the event is not important, nothing happens. It the event is unusual it becomes aware in the conscious. Events that are highly repeating are not noticed after some time. An internal program (an action-pattern) automates the handling of the event.
The muscles act in physical space. They acquire an enormous amount of reaction-patterns by repeated practicing. Humans learn from their failures. When the senses detect an event, many appropriate patterns are located and enabled.
When the patterns enter mental space, they change into models. Complicated patterns are compressed into models. Humans use all kinds of compression techniques to make the world compact and therefore more understandable. Static models (e.g. an organization contains employees) compress the world in wholes (nouns) and parts (attributes). They create identities. Dynamic models (the employee sells a product) compress causal chains (event, actor, result). They make it possible to reason.
Models behave the same way as sensors do in physical space. They shield the mental space of the human being from the enormous amount of ideas that the imagination is producing.
The emotions act on hostile and friendly forces. They shield the body from physical injuries (avoiding pain) and take care of the self re-production process of the body (looking for food and a sexual partner).
The emotional system determines the amount of resources that is allocated to the evaluation and the search for adequate action patterns. If an event is dangerous, all resources in the body are used. The body reacts without thinking and uses a biological inherited and fast pattern (fight, flight, freeze, the primary emotions). If there is enough time to react, the emotional system evaluates its preferences and enables the preferred actions-patterns.
If the preferences are related to a long-term perspective, they enter mental space and the human has a choice to make. In the evaluation of long-term preferences, the other plays an important role. People want to take care of the other (family, friends, children), are afraid to get in to a conflict (dominance, status) and want to be praised by the other for what they are accomplishing.
Humans imagine (by creating pictures connected with feelings) what events they like to happen (a wish). When they are pessimistic, they imagine what events they do not want to happen (a fear). The imagination is the innovative part of the human mental space that generates all kinds of new connections (ideas). The imagination is also the most free to play with new ideas. People can simulate and practice in their imagination without getting into trouble. The imagination produces the idea of the identity.
The imagination uses visual metaphors to create an understandable world. On the lowest level the metaphors are connect to the action patterns. The image of a cup is connected to picking up the cup, holding the cup and moving the cup. New structures are blended with old familiar structures.
Many metaphors make use of the human understanding of technology. Freud based his theory of the unconsciousness on his understanding of the steam-machine (“I am steamed up with emotions”). Many theories of the mind are based on the metaphor of the computer. People always relate new phenomena to something they already understand. They sometimes do this (in the eyes of others) in very strange ways. A skilful teacher knows this and tries to find the bridge (the right metaphor, a story) between his world and the world of the student.
In the human body, all the sub-systems (e.g. the services, the organs) are connected by shared communication-channels. There are fast (the nervous system) and slow reacting shared channels (the endocrine system). All the sub-systems use specific messenger-molecules to communicate their actions and act on incoming messengers. Messengers materialize with every thought we create and with every emotion we feel. When a messenger enters the boundary of a sub-system, (e.g. a cell) it triggers messengers that are specific for that sub-system.
The action patterns make the muscles move according to a movements-plan that is stored in memory. The movement-plans of the muscles enable people to walk, to work (using tools) and to talk. In this last case, people communicate their intentions. The human communication contains a complicated mix of signals that are related to the emotions (e.g. visual expressions, gestures), the patterns (assertions) and the imagination (visual images, ideas).
People resist change. The patterns they have acquired control their behavior and determine their potential. People do not want to change their patterns dramatically. They want to acquire new patterns (by doing) without noticing the change. Only a major event (a critical moment), mostly with negative impact, can have a radical effect. If this event happens it takes a very long time to recover and get into harmony again. When people have to adjust their patterns too often, they experience stress and on the long run get sick.
If people cannot adjust their patterns, they have to involve the other parts of the cognitive system. When they involve the emotions, they have to set priorities and make a choice. People do not like making choices. They are incapable of evaluating all the possibilities. They can also make use of the senses and look at the real opportunities in the outside world. People are almost incapable of doing this because their imagination produces the images it wants to see. If the imagination really faces the facts, the identity is attacked. It feels powerless and unable to control his path of destiny. The last possibility a human has is to adjust the imagination. He has to realize that the possibilities he imagined were just illusions.
If everything stays the same, people get bored. They hope that an event will occur that relates to their wishes. People are the most satisfied if their environment produces just enough change (a challenge) they can cope with. They want a balance between the will (what they want, the imagination, variation) and their capabilities (what they are able to do, predictability, the patterns, their skills).
In a perfect demand oriented economy, a supplier has to provide a challenge to the customer. To provide this challenge the supplier has to understand the wishes and the fears (the imagination) of the customer, his behavior (the patterns) and the balance between the two parts. If the customer is out of balance the supplier has to help the customer to acquire new patterns (learning), help him to make a choice (advice) or show him the real opportunities (scenario’s) taking care of the customers identity.
It is very difficult for a supplier to get accurate information. Most people are unable to make their behavioral patterns conscious. When people are asked about their opinion (an aspect of the emotions), they often do not want to offend the other and give proper answers. People only want to share their most secret wishes with people they trust (partner, family, friends). Correct information about the customer can only be acquired by carefully observing and analyzing the activities of the customer (what he is doing). It is completely impossible for a company to observe the activities of all their customers. The only one who can do this is the customer himself.
Customers can observe their activities if they were able to gather personal activity-patterns, get the opportunity to analyze their behavior, and share their activity-patterns with others to get an advice. Most of the needed data is somewhere already available (patient records, buying behavior, payments etc) or can be made available by making connections to the tools the consumer is using in his personal- and work-environment (Emails, Content). The only thing that has to happen is that companies and government agencies make these patterns, which are most of the time privately owned by the customer, available.
It can be envisioned that all personal data is kept in a private space. Only the customer (the owner) can make the data available to others. This approach would prevent many problems in the current situation (e.g. spam).
The last step in a perfect rational demand oriented system is reached when the personal activity-patterns are automatically transformed in standardized need-messages that are sent out to appropriate providers.
The IT-Industry has evolved in nearly 50 years. In that timeframe, it became the most influential business in the Industry. Everybody is completely dependent on the computer and its software.
The IT-Industry has gone through various technology waves.
The generated integration problems that were solved by the construction of abstraction layers. The layers not only solved problems. They also created new problems that were solved by other layers. The effect of all intertwining layers is an almost incomprehensible, not manageable, software-complex.
The main reason behind this development is the architecture of the general-purpose computer. It was developed to control and not to collaborate.
Charles Babbage invented the first computer (the Difference Engine) in 1833. Babbage wanted to automate the calculation of mathematical tables. His engine consisted of four parts called the mill (the Central Processing Unit, the Operating System), the Store (the database), the Reader, and the Printer. The machine was steam-driven and run by one attendant. The Reader used punched cards.
Babbage invented a programming-language and a compiler to translate symbols into numbers. He worked together with the first programmer, Lady Lovelace who invented the term bug (a defect in a program). The project of Babbage stopped because nobody wanted to finance him anymore.
It was not until 1954 that a real (business-) market for computers began to emerge by the creation of the IBM 650. The machines of the early 1950s were not much more capable than Charles Babbage’s Analytical Engine of the 1830s.
Around 1964 IBM gave birth to the general-purpose computer, the mainframe, in its 360-architecture (360 means all-round). The 360/370-architecture is one of the most durable artifacts of the computer age. It was so successful that it almost created a monopoly for IBM. Just one company, Microsoft, has succeeded to beat IBM by creating the general-purpose computer for the consumer (the PC). Microsoft copied (parts of ) the OS/2-operating system of IBM.
The current technical infrastructure looks a lot like the old fashioned 360/370-architecture but the processors are now located on many places. This was made possible by the sharp increase in bandwith and the network-architecture of the Internet.
Programming a computer in machine code is very difficult. To hide the complexity a higher level of abstraction (a programming language) was created that shielded the complexity of the lower layer (the machine code). A compiler translated the program back to the machine code. Three languages (Fortran, Algol and COBOL) were constructed. They covered the major problem-area’s (Industry, Science and Banking) of that time.
When the problem-domains interfered, companies were confronted with integration problems. IBM tried to unify all the major programming-languages (COBOL, Algol and Fortran) by introducing a new standard language, PL1. This approach failed. Companies did not want to convert all their existing programs to the new standard and programmers got accustomed to a language. They did not want to lose the experience they had acquired.
Integration by standardizing on one language has been tried many times (Java, C-Sharp). It will always fail for the same reasons. All the efforts to unify produce the opposite effect, an enormous diversity of languages, a Tower of Bable.
To cope with this problem a new abstraction layer was invented. The processes and data-structures of a company were analyzed and stored in a repository (an abstraction of a database). The program-generator made it possible to generate programs in all the major languages.
It was not possible to re-engineer all the legacy-systems to this abstraction-level. To solve this problem a compensating integration-layer, Enterprise Architecture Integration, was designed.
The PC democratized IT. Millions of consumers bought their own PC and started to develop applications using the tools available. They were not capable to connect their PC’s to the mainframe and to acquire the data they needed out of the central databases of the company.
New integration layers (Client-Server Computing and Data-Warehouses) were added.
Employees connected their personal PC to the Internet and found out that they could communicate and share software with friends and colleagues all over the world. To prohibit the entrance of unwanted intruders, companies shielded their private environment by the implementation of firewalls. Employees were unable to connect their personal environment with their corporate environment.
A new integration problem, security, became visible and has to be solved.
It looks like every solution of an integration problem creates a new integration problem in the future.
The process of creating bridges to connect disconnect layers of software is going on and on. The big problem is that the bridges were not created out of a long time perspective. They were created bottom up, to solve an urgent problem.
IT-technology shows all the stages of a growing child. At this moment, companies have to manage and to connect many highly intermingled layers related to almost every step in the maturing process of the computer and its software.
Nobody understands the functionality of the whole and can predict the combined behavior of all the different parts. The effort to maintain and change a complex software-infrastructure is increasing exponentially.
The IT Industry has changed his tools and infrastructure so often that the software-developer had to become an inventor.
He is constantly exploring new technical possibilities not able to stabilize his craft. When a developer is used to a tool he does not want to replace it with another. Most developers do not get the time to gain experience in the new tools and technologies. They have to work in high priority projects. Often the skills that are needed to make use of the new developments are hired outside.
The effect is that the internal developers are focused on maintaining the installed base and get further behind. In the end, the only solution that is left is to outsource the IT-department creating communication problems.
After more than 40 years of software-development, the complexity of the current IT-environment has become overwhelming. The related management costs are beginning to consume any productivity gain that they may be achieving from new technologies.
It is almost impossible to use new technology because 70 to 90% of the IT budget is spent on keeping existing systems running. If new functionality is developed, only 30% of the projects are successful.
If the complexity to develop software is not reduced, it will take 200 million highly specialized workers to support the billion people and businesses that will be connected via the Internet.
In the manufacturing industry, the principles of generalization and specialization are visible. Collaboration makes it possible to create flexible standards and a general-purpose infrastructure to support the standards.
When the infrastructure is established, competition and specialization starts. Cars use a standardized essential infrastructure that makes it possible to use standardized components from different vendors.
Car vendors are not competing on the level of the essential infrastructure. The big problem is that IT-Industry is still fighting on the level of the essential infrastructure, blocking specialization.
To keep their market share the software has to stay in the abstraction framework (the general purpose architecture) they are selling and controlling.
A new collaborative IT-infrastructure is arising. The new infrastructure makes it possible to specialize and simplify programs (now called services). Specialized messages (comparable to the components in the car industry), transported over the Internet, connect the services. This approach makes it much easier to change the connections between the services.
The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C), founded in October 1994, is leading the development of this new collaborative infrastructure. W3C has a commitment to look after the interest of the community instead of business. The influence of W3C is remarkable. The big competitive IT-companies in the market were more or less forced to use the standards created by the consortium. They were unable to create their own interpretation because the standards are produced as open source software.
The basis of the new collaborative foundation is XML (eXtensible Markup Language). XML is a flexible way to create “self-describing data” and to share both the format (the syntax) and the data on the World Wide Web. XML describes the syntax of information.
XML has enabled a new general-purpose technology-concept, called Web-Services. The concept is comparable to the use of containers in intermodal shipping. A container enables the transport a diversity of goods (data, programs, content) from one point to another point. At the destination, the container can be opened. The receiver can rearrange the goods and send them to another place. He can also put the goods in his warehouse and add value by assembling a new product. When the product is ready it can be send with a container to other assembly lines or to retailers to sell the product to consumers.
Web-Services facilitate the flow of complex data-structures (services, data, content) through the Internet. Services, can rearrange data-structures, ad value by combining them with other data-structures and can send the result to other services.
All kinds of specialized data-structures are defined that are meant to let specialized services act on them.
An example is taxation (XML TC). XML TC (a part of the Oasis standards organization) focuses on the development of a common vocabulary that will allow participants to unambiguously identify the tax related information exchanged within a particular business context. The benefits envisioned will include dramatic reductions in development of jurisdictionally specific applications, interchange standards for software vendors, and tax agencies alike. In addition, tax-paying constituents will benefit from increased services from tax agencies. Service providers will benefit due to more flexible interchange formats and reduced development efforts. Lastly, CRM, payroll, financial and other system developers will enjoy reduced development costs and schedules when integrating their systems with tax reporting and compliance systems.
Web-Services are the next shockwave that is bringing the IT-community into a state of fear and attraction. Their promise is lower development cost, and a much simpler architecture. Their threat is that the competition will make a better use of all the new possibilities.
The same pattern emerges. Their installed base of software slows most of the companies down. They will react by first creating an isolated software-environment and will have big problems in the future to connect the old part with the new part.
Web-Services will generate a worldwide marketplace for services. They are now a threat to all the current vendors of big software-packages. In essence, they have to rewrite all their legacy-software and make a split in generic components (most of them will be available for free) and essential services users really want to pay for.
Big software-vendors will transform themselves into specialized market places (service-portals) where users can find and make use of high quality services. Other vendors will create advanced routing-centers where messages will be translated and send to the appropriate processor.
It will be difficult for small service-providers to get the attention and the trust of companies and consumers to make use of their services. They will join in collaborative networks that are able to promote and secure their business (The Open Source Movement). It is impossible to see if they will survive in the still competitive environment where big giants still have an enormous power to influence and a lot of money to create new services.
If the big giants succeed, history will repeat itself. The new emerging software-ecology will slowly lose its diversity.
Web-services are an example of the principles of mass-customization and customer innovation. All the software-vendors are restructuring their big chunks of software into components that can be assembled to create a system.
Small competitors and even customers will also create components. In due time the number of possible combinations of components that are able to create the same functionality will surpass the complexity a human (or a collective of human beings) can handle.
Another new hype-term is the Mash-up. A Mash-up is a new service, that combines functionality or content from existing sources.
In the “old’ days of programming we called a Mash-up a Program (now Service) and the parts of the Program Modules. Modules were reused by other Programs. We developed and acquired libraries that contained many useful modules.
They did not document the software and used many features of the operating system that interfered with other programs. The very old software programs created the Software Legacy Problem.
Another interesting issue that has to be resolved is Security. Mash-ups are a heaven for hackers and other very clever criminals.
When I look at the Mash-up I really don’t know how “they?” will solve all these Issues.
When everybody is allowed to program and connect everything with everything a Mash-up will certainly turn into a Mess-up. Many years from now a new Software Lecacy Problem will become visible.
There is one simple way to solve this problem. Somebody in the Internet Community has to take care of this. It has to be an “Independent Librarian” that controls the libraries and issues a Quality Stamp to the software (and the content) that is free to reuse. I don’t think anybody will do this.
Personally I think the Mashup is a very intelligent trick of big companies like Microsoft, Google and Yahoo to take over the control in software development. In the end they will control all the libraries and everybody has to connect to them. Perhaps we even have to pay to use them or (worse) link to the advertisement they certainly will sell.
To stabilize the software development environment we had to introduce many Management Systems like Testing and Configuration Management to take care of Software Quality.
The difference with today is that the software libraries are not internal libraries. They are situated at the Internet.
It took a very long time to stabilize the software development environment. In the very old days programmers were just “programming along”.
This morning I discovered a new term Web 3.0. According to the experts Web 2.0 is about “connecting people” and Web 3.0 is about “connecting systems”.
Web 1.0 is the “good old Internet”. The “good old Internet” was created by the US Army to prevent that people and systems would be disconnected in a state of War with the Russians. Later Tim Berners Lee and the W3C added a new feature “hypertext”, connecting documents by reference.
As you see everybody is all the time talking about connecting something to something. In the first phase we connect “systems”. Later we connect “people”. Now we want to connect "systems" again. We are repeating the goal but for some reason we never reach the goal.
In every stage of the development of our IT-technology we are connecting people, software (dynamics) and documents (statics) and reuse the same solutions all over again.
Could it be that the reused solutions are not the “real” solutions? Do we have to look elsewhere? Perhaps we don’t want to look elsewhere because we love to repeat the same failures all over again and again. If everything is perfect we just don’t know what to do!
There is an article about Web 3.0 in Wikipedia.
Two subjects are shaping Web 3.0. The first is the Semantic Web and the other is the use of Artificial Intelligence, Data- & Text Mining to detect interesting Patterns.
The Semantic Web wants to make it possible to Reason with Data on the Internet. It uses Logic to do this. The Semantic Web wants to standardize Meaning.
The Semantic Web uses an “old fashioned” paradigm about Reasoning and Language. It supposes that human language is context-independent. They have to suppose that Human Language is context-independent because if they don’t believe this they are unable to define a Computer Language (OWL) at all.
It is widely acccepted that the interpretation of Language is dependent of a Situation, a Culture and the Genesis of the Human itself. Every Human is a Unique Creation. A Human is certainly not a Robot.
The effect of a wide spread implementation of the Semantic Web will lead to a World Wide Standardization of Meaning based on the English Language. The Western Way of Thinking will finally become fixed and dominant.
The Semantic Web will increase the use of the Conduit Metaphor. The Conduit Metaphor has infected the English Language on a large scale. The Conduit Metaphor supposes that Humans are disconnected Objects. The disconnected Sender (an Object) is throwing Meaning (Fixed Structures, Objects) at the disconnected Receiver (An Object).
The Conduit Metaphor blocks the development of shared meaning (Dialogue) and Innovation (Flow). The strange effect of Web 3.0 will be a further disconnection. I think you understand now why we have to start all over again and again to connect people, software and content.
I have been responsible for IT-Architectures and IT-Strategy between 1984 and 1997. From 1997 until now I have reviewed many Architectures and Strategies when I was part of Meta Group (now Gartner).
An IT-Architecture is a System that describes the components of a Software System on an Abstract Level.
An IT-Strategy is a Process that contains Stages. In every Stage a new version of the IT-Architecture is implemented.
A Well-Formed IT-Strategy is able to Adapt the Old Version of the Architecture. When you’re Strategy has failed You have to Start All over Again.
There are two types of Systems. The first type contains Systems. The second type I call a Foundation. It is the level where we think “the Real Things are Happening”. The major problem is to define the Level of the Foundation.
If you look at your Own computer the Foundation lies deeper than you think. It depends on “What You Understand About a Computer“.
We could define the Foundation as the Operating System of Your Computer (most likely a Microsoft Operating System) but below this Foundation other Foundations are in Existence.
At a more abstract level you can see the real Problem. The problem is Containing.
If you use the Containing Metaphor you Never Stop but You Have to Stop Somewhere.
The level where you Stop is the level where you give the responsibility to An-Other. This can be an Organization, A Person or when we dig deep enough even Nature.
When you give the responsibility for something to an-other you have to Trust the Other and the Other has to take Care of You.
The reason why Architectures fail is that they are based on a Foundation that is not stable on the long term.
Suddenly somebody starts to tinker with the Foundation and suddenly everything goes wrong. This happens all the time. The others leave you alone and you have to take care of yourself.
A solution was to create a Foundation that was able to withstand every Change at the Lower level.
This layer was calledMiddleware. It is situated somewhere between the UP and the DOWN of all the Layers. History has proven that this solution is not helpful.
Everything changes all the time.
I want to give you a Model to understand the complexity of the problem. I use a Horizontal and a Vertical layer, A Matrix. Layered architectures can be mapped on a Matrix, a Cube or a higher dimensional Structure, N-Dimensional Space.
Every component can be described by a point that is connected to N-variables. The links between the components are lines connecting the points.
The first thing we could do is use one dimension to describe the “type” of the component (software, hardware, database, form, etc). If we create a picture of this dimension we have created a System Diagram. There are many types of System Diagrams invented. They were called a Method or a Modeling Language. Every new Method created a “Method War” because the Users always thought that their Method was the Best.
I participated in many activities of the IFIP (International Federation for Information Processing). We tried to find a way to find the “Best Method” to Improve the Practice. It was proven that there was no best method.
Many roads lead to Rome. See “Information Systems Design Methodologies: Improving The Practice“, T.W. Olle, H.G. Sol and A.A. Verrijn-Stuart, (Eds.), North-Holland.
At the end the major Method Wars ended with a Compromise, UML. Compromises are always the worst solution for a problem. UML is a very complicated method.
If we start the Diagram with an Event and we have chosen the right Modeling Language, now called a Programming Language, we are able to “simulate” the System or to “generate” the software. There are many Tools, Modelers, Simulators, Languages and Generators developed.
They also created wars (called Competition) between all kinds of Vendors. In the end many Tools were taken out of the market by the Vendors and the Users got stuck. They were unable to convert the old tools to the new tools or they simply did not take the time to do this. This problem is called the Legacy Problem.
The Market invented something to solve this problem called Reverse Engineering. Reverse Engineering proved to be a failure because the semantics, the meaning, of the software was gone.
When you deconstruct a car and you show an engineer all the parts he knows the parts belonged to a car. When you do this with something nobody ever knew it existed the only engineer that is capable to reconstruct the original is the engineer who constructed it.
When the software is old the original programmer is gone and nobody is able to understand what he was doing. Sometimes the software contains documentation. The programmer has written a Story about the Meaning of the Software. Programmers never took (and take) the time to do this.
I want to get back to N-Dimensional Space. I hope you understand that we when we use enough dimensions we are able to Model Everything.
We are also able to MAP Everything to Everything. Mapping or Converting could solve many problems.
There were Systems on the market that helped you to MAP one Structure to another Structure. An example was Rochade. I implemented Rochade when I was responsible for IT-Architectures and I know Rochade solved many problems with Legacy Systems.
Rochade used something called a Scanner or Parser. A Parser is a “piece of software” that translates a “piece of software” into another “piece of software”. It stored the data of the software (the meta-data) in a “general” format that could be translated to other formats.
When you program in a Software Language the code is translated to another Language. This happens many times until the software reaches the Lowest Level, The Processor or the CPU.
The CPU uses a Cycle to process a very simple language that consists of binary numbers. These numbers are real numbers or operations. The simplest operations are operations on a Set.
The whole concept of the CPU was invented by John von Neumann and is therefore named the Von Neumann Architecture.
The architecture of von Neumann has a big disadvantage called the Von Neumann bottleneck. The CPU is continuously forced to wait.
The Von Neumann Computer is Wasting Time and Energy.
An alternative is the Parallel Architecture. Parallel computing has recently become the dominant paradigm in computer architectures. The main reason is the Rise of the Internet.
The Rise of the Internet started the Fall of Centralized IT-Architectures and Centralized IT-Strategy.
At this moment we need another approach to Manage or Control the sofware-production of a big company.
If we use the Matrix Approach we can answer interesting questions.
First I introduce a Rule.
When we increase the amount of Dimensions we are able to make every point and connection between a point Unique. If we do the opposite we are able to make every point and connection The Same.
When people talk about the Reuse of a Component we are looking for a Dimension were some points and their connections are the Same.
I hope you see that it is possible to Reuse Everything and to Reuse Nothing. The Choice is Yours.
This also the Practice in Software. When I discovered that the Year-2000 problem could lead to a disaster I started a research-project with the CWI. The CWI develop a very intelligent parser that could create Software-Maps.
When we studied the maps we saw that some pieces of software came back all the time. These were “citations”. One programmer invented a new construct and others reused the construct all the time. The major difference with the Theory of Reuse was that MANY Parts were the Same.
When you dig deep enough you always find “The Same”.
The CPU is handling binary codes and when you would come from another planet you would not understand why all these zero’s and 1’s are creating a DIVERSITY. They create a DIVERSITY because Something is Interpreting the Sequence. This Something is also a Program. This program uses a Theory about Languages. Most of the time it supposes a Context Free Language. A Context Free Language is a language where the interpretor always moves in one direction. It processes a List.
The Diversity a Computer Produces is based on one long List of Binary patterns. If we could analyze all the possible patterns we could find all the possible software-programs that could be build until Eternity. Because the binary codes can be mapped to the Natural Numbers. We need only one dimension (A line) to classify all the possible software-components in the World.
In 1931 Gödel’s stated the so called incompleteness theorems. He uses the Natural Numbers to prove that a part of our Human Reality cannot be described by a Computer Program.
There is something “left for us” that the Machines cannot take over. This part is related to the Emotions and the Imagination. We cannot Automate them. If we do this we stop Innovation and Commitment.
Now I want to come back to IT-Architectures.
When You start an IT-Architecture Out of Nothing you start with a Small Amount of Dimensions. The world looks very simple to you. When you add detail you have to increase the amount of dimensions. The effect of this is that Everything Changes. New Possibilities arise. If you go on using the Top-Down Approach you will move into a State of Huge Complexity. Always start in the Middle!
At a certain moment You have to move to Reality.This means Programming Software. At that moment You encounter something you never thought of. The Software Legacy!!!!!!!!!!!!
When you increase the Scope of your System and you leave the Boundaries of Your Company (the World of the Internet) the Complexity increases also.At that moment You encounter something you never thought of, Open Source. Millions of Possibilities arise and You don’t Know what to do!
Behind the Software are People. Some of them are creating Small Companies and they are doing things you’re company is also doing but they do it much cheaper and faster.
Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (1930-2000) was a Dutch Computer Scientist. He received the 1972 Turing Award for fundamental contributions in the area of programming languages.
One of the famous statements of Dijkstra is “Besides a mathematical inclination, an exceptionally good mastery of one’s native tongue is the most vital asset of a competent programmer“.
Why is this so important?
People communicate externally and internally (!) in their native tongue. If they use another language much of the nuances of the communication is lost. When people of different languages communicate they have to translate the communication to their internal language.
A computer language is also a language. It is a language where every nuance is gone. With the term nuance (I am a Dutch native speaker) I mean something that also could be translated into the word meaning. A computer language is formal and human communication is informal. We communicate much more than we are aware of when we speak.
So Programming is a Transformation of the Human Domain of Meaning to the Machine-Domain of Structure.
A programmer with a mathematical inclination (being analytical) AND an exceptional good mastery of one’s native language is the only one who can built a bridge between the two worlds.
When he (or she, woman are better in this!!!) is doing this he knows he is throwing away a lot of value but it is the consequence of IT. Machines are not humans (People that are Mad act like Machines).
Machines are very good in repetition. Humans don’t like repetition so Machines and Humans are able to create a very useful complementary relationship.
The person that understood this very well was Sjir Nijssen. He developed with many others something called NIAM. NIAM has generated many dialects called ORM, FORM, RIDDLE, FCO-IM, DEMO. The basic idea of all these methods is to analyze human communication in terms of the sentences we speak. It takes out of a sentence the verbs and the nouns (and of course the numbers) and creates a semantic model of the so called Universe of Discourse.
What Nijssen understood was that a computer is able to register FACTS (reality we don’t argue about anymore) and that facts are stored in a database. If we all agree about the facts we can use the facts to start reasoning. Want to know more about reasoning. Have a look at this website.
To create a program that supports the user a good programmer has to be a good listener and a highly skilled observer. Users are mostly not aware of their Universe of Discourse. They are immersed in their environment (their CONTEXT). Many techniques have been developed to help the observer to make it possible to recreate the context without killing the context (Bahktin). Have a look at User-Centered-Design to find out more about this subject.
Edsger Wybe Dijkstra (1930-2000) was a Dutch computer scientist. He received the 1972 Turing Award for fundamental contributions in the area of programming languages.
He was known for his low opinion of the GOTO-statement in computer programming culminating in the 1968 article “A Case against the GOTO Statement” (EWD215), regarded as a major step towards the widespread deprecation of the GOTO statement and its effective replacement by structured control constructs such as the DO-WHILE-LOOP. This methodology was also called Structured Programming.
Today I searched the Internet and by coincidence (does it exist?) I found a small document about the dangers of Wifi. It is dated the 28th of April 2007. The most interesting part of this document is a poll. 40% of the voters are not interested in the answer if it is dangerous or not.
They don’t mind because they are addicted to mobile communication. People that are addicted to smoking would give the same answer. I don’t mind if I get cancer. I take the risk. Mobile phones are also creating cancer (and other things I come back to that later) but now I am getting very confused.
We are forbidding smoking because of this and we are not forbidding mobile communication.
What is happening?
The answer is simple. Cigarettes are not produced by government owned companies and mobile communication is. Government has invested billions in infrastructure and many companies are totally dependent on mobile communication. Millions of software programs use it. If we would stop mobile communication the country would come to a still stand.
Ok. So it is a strategic issue. We have to take the risk.
Yes but now I am getting more confused.
Cars are also a strategic issue but here we are advising and training people. So we could train users what to do to prevent the greatest risk. We could tell them not to put the telephone in their pocket or not to keep it against your ear or we could forbid mobile telephones for children or we could decide not to put the transmitters on houses where older people are living or …..
What is happening?
There are a few possibilities.
1. The risk is very low. Research is not telling this.
2. The risk is very high. This could be the case. The risk is so high that they want to prevent that everybody gets into panic. I don’t think so. The risk is high in the long term and not in the short term. To state it simple mobile networks create a high level of stress.
3. They don’t understand the risk. I am convinced this is the case. Scientists believe the human body is acting like a machine that is made out of parts. They don’t know what to do with a field. Parts are related to causal and short term thinking. Fields are related to wholeness and we cannot find one cause that explains it all. Stress is a field, a state, an effect. There are many causes and we cannot handle this with our Western Brain.
Now it is time to explain something.
I use material from a document called “The Holographic Universe, by RICHARD ALAN MILLER, BURT WEBB, and DARDEN DICKSON, Experimental College University of Washington.
A few citations:
“The formation of a certain type of chemical bond known as the resonance bond (which is most easily seen in the case of the Benzene molecule) leads to a peculiar situation in which certain electrons are freed from a local or particular location in the molecule. These are then free to travel around the entire molecule.
The essential fluidity of life may correspond with the fluidity of the electronic cloud in conjugated molecules. Such systems may best be considered as both the cradle and the main backbone of life.
The biological activity or specificity of action of various molecules is intimately related to their structure or their exact three-dimensional spatial configuration.
A constant magnetic field can, in principle, affect the various processes in biological objects.
Such electromagnetic fields normally serve as conveyors of information, from the environment to the organism, within the organism, and among organisms.
Electromagnetic forces can be used to change three fundamental life processes in mammals. These processes are (1) the stimulation of bone growth (2) the stimulation of partial multi-tissue regenerative growth and (3) the influence on the basic level of nerve activity and function. All these affects appear to be mediated through perturbations in naturally pre-existing bioelectronic systems. The organism’s bioelectronic system also seems to be related to levels of consciousness and to biological cycles.
Research carried out with organisms in fields lower or higher than the normal magnetic field strength of the earth inevitably results in deterioration and death of the organisms involved.
Consciousness may be seen as a frame of electrical charges in motion such as electrons bombarding a television screen; personality is a time series of these scintillating frames of consciousness. Personality becomes a reverberating input-output pattern of self creation seeking information or patterns of energy from the environment as well as from its own memories. The personality never recreates itself but creates only a close approximation which is accepted due to the principle of constancy as being the same.
Human beings are better seen as on-going, dynamic, shifting, changing, field entities (or field patterns).
We feel that many of the problems of society that are current today can be traced to our ignorance of, or refusal to embrace, this larger holographic electrodynamic reality in which we live“.
And last but not least:
“Weather systems also have electrical and magnetic correlates. One can see a very positive contact or connection between electromagnetic phenomena associated with weather and the behaviour and health of organisms. A more advanced theory would connect weather changes and changes in the physical environment to behaviour and biological products attributable to organisms. More precisely stated not only does weather in a variety of ways profoundly influence living creatures, but also it is possible that living creatures can influence weather“.
What is happening?
We are creating a highly stressfull situation and it looks like the collective stress is generating stressy weather.
But it is worse.
The Russians and the US (and Chinese?) military are playing with the knowlegde of the Holographic Universe for 35 years. They are playing with electro magnetic fields. The article is written in 1972 and Transcendental warfare, the use of Electro-magnetic fields and Para-Psychology in the battlefield, is about using this knowledge. The people who are doing this research know how it works but they don’t want to reveal this because War is always related to Secrecy.
We are also in a process where the sun is moving closer to the galactic centre. This is creating an exponential growth of electro magnetic radiation. Not only the earth is warming but also the moon and the other planets. On the Website of NASA you can find all the facts.
The movement to the Centre was predicted by The Mayas, The Essenes, The Sufi, The Hopi’s, The Navajo’s and every other Spiritual Leader for a long time ago.
Citation:” Furthermore, this knowledge is not new. It is the main core of the message of the Spiritual Leaders throughout history. It is also discussed, in other terms, by many individuals who characteristically experience psycho energetic phenomena (e.g., psycho kinesis, clairvoyance, telepathy, precognition).
What can we do?
The people that experience “psycho energetic phenomena” know that the Light of Love can save us and The Light will help us if we allow it to help us.
The Spiritual Leaders framed this in a very simple message: Know Yourself and Give Love to the Other.
The message for the Part-thinkers is: Meditate, Relax, Take your Time, Enjoy your Lover, Your Children, Life and Nature.
Turn off your mobile phone.
Use Email.
Create enough time for yourselve and others.
Stop having long useless meetings.
Don’t make too much appointments.
Plan two days of free time.
Plan and act according to your plan.
Take a the risk and be spontaneous.
Do what you promise to do.
Evaluate if all the things you want to accomplish are really needed.
Don’t strive for perfection (the 80/20 rule).
Are we already in a very high state of luxury? Do we need more?
Is it already available somewhere (Copy and Think).
Can we learn from others?
Can we help others? There are many lonely old people that love to have a talk or want to spend some time in Nature. Imagine you are old? What do you want to happen to you? It is a very simple exercise and it is the same message as the Spiritual Leaders are giving only framed in another language.
You can also use the Golden Rule of Ethics of Emmanuel Kant (a well known philosopher) “treat others as you would like to be treated.”
Or to put it in the terms of the Field: Keep in Tune with your Environment.
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Metaphysics
As You see it is possible to create many concepts and theories of Metaphysics just by Playing with the Verb To Be.
